SRD-2

EMSE 6801
Systems Requirements Document
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT
LEAN, RENEWABLE, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 18-WHEELER
13 October 2014
Prepared for:
Prof Kevin Topp
The George Washington University
Prepared by:
Jerusal Leang: ___________________________
Derek Cunningham: ______________________
Jason Garrison: __________________________
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LRAE-18

EMSE 6801
Contents
1. Scope/Introduction.......................................................................................................................4
System Identification..................................................................................................................4
System Development Overview.................................................................................................4
Document Overview...................................................................................................................4
2. Applicable Documents.................................................................................................................5
General........................................................................................................................................5
Documentation............................................................................................................................5
Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks.............................................................................5
Other Documents, Drawings, and Publications......................................................................5
Order of Precedence....................................................................................................................5
Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of
this document and the references cited herein (except for related specification sheets), the text
of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable
laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. ........................................5
3. System Requirements...................................................................................................................6
Required States and Modes.........................................................................................................6
Figure 1. Logical block diagram showing the layout of the LRAE-18 Propulsion and Energy
Reclaiming Systems. ...................................................................................................................6
The propulsion system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Reverse,
and Reserve. ...............................................................................................................................6
The energy reclaiming, or recharging, system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three
modes: Normal, Backup, and Alternate. ....................................................................................7
System Function..........................................................................................................................9
The Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems shown in Figure 1 of Section 3.1 are only
two of LRAE-18’s many systems. The remaining systems can be found in the Physical
Architecture in Section 3.3, which is the design solution for the Functional Architecture shown
below. .........................................................................................................................................9
System Functional Requirements.........................................................................................10
System Design..........................................................................................................................15
The design solution for the Functional Architecture in Section 3.2 is shown below. ............15
System Design Requirements...............................................................................................16
System External Interface Requirements..................................................................................22
System Internal Interface Requirements...................................................................................24
Safety Requirements.................................................................................................................26
Security and Privacy Requirements..........................................................................................27
System Environment Requirements..........................................................................................28
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Personnel-Related Requirements..............................................................................................30
Training-Related Requirements................................................................................................30
Packaging Requirements...........................................................................................................31
Disposal.....................................................................................................................................31
4. Verification Provisions..............................................................................................................33
Verification Methods................................................................................................................33
Demonstration.......................................................................................................................33
Test........................................................................................................................................33
Analysis.................................................................................................................................33
Inspection..................................................................................................................................33
Special Verification Methods...................................................................................................34
5. Requirements Traceability.........................................................................................................35
Traceability to Capability Document or System Specification.................................................35
Traceability to Subsystems Requirements................................................................................35
6. Appendix....................................................................................................................................36
Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions..................................................................................36
Appendix B: Key Performance Parameters/Key System Attributes.........................................37
6.3 Appendix C: Requirements Traceability Matrix..................................................................67
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1. Scope/Introduction
The LRAE-18 is a new class of 18-wheeler that is cutting-edge technology for transporting
supermarket goods. To compete against the diesel 18-wheeler that currently dominates the
market, the new 18-wheeler shall have the following key capabilities:
- Exploiting renewable sources of energy, which are natural resources that can quickly
replenish themselves so their supply can be considered as unlimited.
- Utilizing alternative types of energy, which would not result in the production of the global
warming causing agent carbon dioxide.
- Consuming energy intelligently to avoid unforeseen new types of environmental problems.
- Adopting user friendly human interface design to overcome culture resistance and rejection
by mainstream users.
- Achieving a total life cycle cost of at least 10% less than that of the current diesel 18-wheeler
as a motivating incentive for accepting the risks of relinquishing current for new 18-wheeler
technology.
System Identification
The LRAE-18 is currently in its initial stage of development. All system requirements shall be
identified via the convention PRUIN-Project Phase - ### to include its project phase.
System Development Overview
The LRAE-18 is expected to phase out and replace the diesel 18-wheeler over a period of 5
years. In the first year of development, analysis for our business and technical requirements will
consume about 9 months. The remaining 3 months will be used to obtain early acceptance of
user-friendly human interface design from mainstream users such as drivers, mechanics, and
support facility staffs. In the second year, much of our effort will focus on working closely with
our contractor to evaluate engineering and technology tradeoffs for intelligent design selections
while our mainstream users will receive training via use case scenarios and design mockups. In
our third year, we will remain only a phone call away from our contractor with our decisions and
oversights to support their construction and testing or validation of the product in its defined
environment. In our fourth year, we will roll out into our pilot scale implementation of the
product in undefined environments to discover any gross misconception error and limitations that
were not anticipated during our system development phase. In our final year, we will have our
system of interest mass-produced to take over the market for transporting goods to supermarket
chain from our diesel 18-wheeler competition.
Document Overview
This document contains the system requirements for the development of LRAE-18. Its content is
Company Proprietary Information Level III. Distribution is strictly prohibited without the
express written approval from the Program Office.
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2. Applicable Documents
General
This document is the System Requirements Document (SRD) for the initial stage of the LRAE-
18 Project. Section 1 briefly provides the purpose for developing this new class of 18-wheeler
and its overarching development strategy. Section 2 delineates the various types of documents
relevant to this project. Section 3 captures all of the requirements for LRAE-18 development.
Section 4 discusses the verification of the requirements in Section 3. Section 5 provides the
traceability of the system requirements back to those captured in the capability development
document. Refer to LRAE 18-Wheeler version 1.0 initial capabilities document (ICD, 2014).
Section 6 is a compilation of Appendixes.
Documentation
- CDD - LRAE 18-Wheeler version 1.0, 2014
- Department of Transportation Rules and Regulations, 2013.
- Environmental Protection Agency, 2010.
- OSHA Regulations, 2014.
- FDA Regulations, 2013.
Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks
- Systems Engineering Handbook by Incose, 2014.
Other Documents, Drawings, and Publications
- DWG 1.000.1.2.3, rev 3 – Prototype sketches of LRAE-18.
Order of Precedence
Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this
document and the references cited herein (except for related specification sheets), the text
of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes
applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
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3. System Requirements
Required States and Modes
Figure 1. Logical block diagram showing the layout of the LRAE-18 Propulsion and Energy
Reclaiming Systems.
The propulsion system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Reverse, and
Reserve.
Normal Mode (vehicle is driven by battery power) shall occur as follows:
- Bank of Batteries on board vehicle shall provide Direct Current to the Power Inverter.
- Power Inverter shall convert Direct Current to Alternating Current.
- Alternative Current shall change magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils.
- Like magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils and magnets on Drive Shaft
shall repel.
- Repelling force shall turn the Drive Shaft.
- Rotating Drive Shaft shall turn the wheels of the vehicle.
- Rotating wheels shall put the vehicle in motion.
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Support
Facilities
Bank of Batteries
Power
Inverter
Electro-Mechanical
Motor-Generator
Drive
Shaft
Wheels
Vehicle
Motion
Vehicle
Stopping Energy
Vehicle
Gravitational Energy
Liquid Nitrogen
Engine
Nitrogen Vapor
Pressure
Heating Element -
Heat Exchanger
Low Boiling
Point Liquid
Nitrogen
Ambient
Heat
Normal
Charging
Backup
Charging
Alternate
Charging
Alternate Charging
Method A
Alternate Charging
Method B
Alternate Charging
Method C
Propulsion System
in Reverse Mode
SUN
Solar
Panel
PWR
Grid
LRAE-18 PROPULSION SYSTEM
& ENERGY RECLAIMING SYSTEM

EMSE 6801
Reverse Mode (electro-mechanical motor-generator takes on the role of a generator to recharge
the bank of batteries on board the vehicle) shall occur as follows:
- Vehicle wheels or Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft with attached magnets.
- Rotating magnets on Drive Shaft shall produce moving magnetic flux cutting through
Motor-Generator winding coils to induce, or generate, Alternating Current.
- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current to Direct Current.
- Direct Current shall recharge Bank of Batteries.
Reserve Mode (liquid nitrogen is used to drive the vehicle and also recharge the bank of
batteries) shall occur as follows:
- Extremely low boiling point Liquid Nitrogen absorbing Ambient Heat via Heat
Exchanger or heat from Heating Element powered by Bank of Batteries shall turn into
Nitrogen Vapor.
- Nitrogen Vapor Pressure shall drive Liquid Nitrogen Engine.
- Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft.
- Rotating Drive Shaft shall turn wheels to put vehicle in motion and attached magnets to
recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse
Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery).
The energy reclaiming, or recharging, system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes:
Normal, Backup, and Alternate.
Normal Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur as follows:
- Solar Panels on vehicle shall convert Solar Energy from sun to Electrical Energy.
- Electrical Energy shall recharge Bank of Batteries.
Backup Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur as follows:
- Electrical Energy at the Support Facilities supplied by the Local Power Grid shall
recharge Bank of Batteries.
Alternate Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur when the
propulsion system of the vehicle operates in Reverse Mode. Alternate Mode shall happen in one
of three ways: Method A, Method B, Method C.
Method A, which uses the vehicle stopping energy, shall occur as follows:
- Vehicle Stopping Energy, which is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-
Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft to stop the vehicle with its Propulsion
System in Reverse Mode, shall translate into Alternating Current.
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- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-
Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.
Method B, which uses the vehicle gravitational energy, shall occur as follows:
- Vehicle Gravitational Energy, which is work done by the rotating wheels in turning
Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft as the vehicle, with its Propulsion
System in Reverse Mode, is going downhill, shall translate into Alternating Current.
- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-
Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.
Method C, which uses the vehicle Liquid Nitrogen Engine, shall occur as follows:
- Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft of vehicle with its Propulsion System in
Reserve Mode.
- Rotating Drive Shaft shall also turn attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries.
Refer to Reverse Mode (electro-mechanical motor-generator takes on the role of a
generator to recharge the bank of batteries on board the vehicle) section discussed above.
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System Function
The Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems shown in Figure 1 of Section 3.1 are only two
of LRAE-18’s many systems. The remaining systems can be found in the Physical
Architecture in Section 3.3, which is the design solution for the Functional Architecture
shown below.
Diagram 1. LRAE-18 Functional Architecture showing parent to child functional relationships.
As depicted in Diagram 1, the system shall functionally have the following capabilities for
transporting supermarket goods:
• SFIN 1.0 – Loading supermarket goods.
• SFIN 2.0 – Protecting supermarket goods.
• SFIN 3.0 – Preserving supermarket goods.
• SFIN 4.0 – Delivering supermarket goods.
• SFIN 5.0 – Unloading supermarket goods.
• SFIN 6.0 – Tracking supermarket goods.
These six parent functions beget all the functional requirements in Table 1 of Section 3.2.1.
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TRANSPORT
SUPERMARKET
GOODS
2.0
PROTECT
GOODS
3.0
PRESERVE
GOODS
4.0
DELIVER
GOODS
5.0
UNLOAD
GOODS
6.0
TRACK
GOODS
1.0
LOAD
GOODS
1.2
LIFT
GOODS
1.3 – 1.5
STORE
GOODS
1.1
WEIGH
GOODS
2.1
SECURE
GOODS
2.2
RELEASE
GOODS
3.1
CONTROL
CLIMATE
4.2
OPERATE
VEHICLE
4.3
STOP
VEHICLE
4.1
START
VEHICLE
5.1
RETRIEVE
GOODS
5.2
LOWER
GOODS
4.2.2
MAINTAIN
SPEED
4.2.1
INCREASE
SPEED
4.2.3
DECREASE
SPEED
3.1.2 – 3.1.4
MAINTAIN
TEMP
3.1.1
RAISE
TEMP
3.1.5
LOWER
TEMP
6.1
IDENTIFY
GOODS
6.2
LOG
GOODS
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18
3.1.1.1
ADD
HEAT
3.1.5.1
REMOVE
HEAT
6.2.1
LOG
QUANTITY
OF GOODS
6.2.2
LOG
WEIGHT
OF GOODS
4.2.4
CONSERVE
FUEL

EMSE 6801
System Functional Requirements
Table 1. This table identifies the system functional requirements, each of which is annotated with
a unique project identifier number for traceability. Their performance has an applicable
development threshold and objective. Verification and validation of these requirements later.
Project Requirement
Unique Identification
Number
Requirement Statement Development
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-1 The system shall have the
capability to load supermarket
goods.
NA NA
capability to weigh goods no
more than three quarters of a
ton.
≤ ¾ ton per load. > 1 pound but ≤ ¾
ton per load.
capability to lift goods no more
than half a ton per load.
ton per load.
capability to store goods at
room temperature.
≤ ½ ton per load. ½ ton per load.
refrigerated temperature.
Between 73°F &
75°F ± 2 °F.
74°F.
freezer temperature.
Between 37°F &
41°F.
38°F.
capability to protect
supermarket goods.
Between 0°F &
2°F.
0°F.
capability to secure goods
from damage during delivery.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-9 The system shall have the 97% of goods 100% of goods
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
capability to release goods for
unloading.
should not be
damaged during
delivery.
should not be
damaged during
delivery.
capability to preserve
supermarket goods.
100% of goods
should be
released during
unloading.
(T=O)
100% of goods
should be released
during unloading.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-11 The System shall have the
capability to control the climate
in the cargo area.
N/A. N/A.
capability to raise temperature
at a rate of 5o
F per minute to
support climate control.
100% of cargo
area shall be
climate
controlled at all
times.
(T=O)
100% of cargo
area shall be
climate controlled
at all SFIN times.
(T=O)
capability to add heat to the
cargo area.
Between 3°F &
5°F per minute.
5°F per minute.
capability to maintain
temperature in room
temperature band with a
tolerance of + 1o
F to support
climate control.
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be added
to the cargo
area.
(T=O)
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be added to
the cargo area.
(T=O)
temperature in refrigerated
tolerance of + 1o
F to support
climate control.
Between 73°F &
75°F ± 1°F.
74°F.
PRUIN-1-16 The system shall have the Between 37°F & 38°F.
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
temperature in freezer
tolerance of + 1o
F to support
climate control.
41°F ± 1° F.
capability to lower temperature
at a rate of 5o
F per minute to
support climate control.
Between 0°F &
2°F ± 1°F.
0°F.
capability to remove heat from
the cargo area.
Between 3°F &
5°F per minute.
5°F per minute.
capability to deliver
supermarket goods.
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be
removed to the
cargo area.
(T=O)
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be removed
to the cargo area.
(T=O)
capability to start for operation.
N/A. N/A.
capability to be operated
manually by personnel.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
started for
operation.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be started
for operation.
(T=O)
capability to increase speed at
a rate of 10 MPH per second
to support operation.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
manually
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be
manually operated
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
operated by
personnel.
(T=O)
by personnel.
(T=O)
capability to maintain speed to
support operation.
Between 8 MPH
& 10 MPH per
second.
10 MPH per
second.
capability to decrease speed
at a rate of 10 MPH per
second to support operation.
Maintain current
speed ± 1 MPH
Maintain current
speed ± 0.5 MPH
capability to conserve fuel.
Between 8 MPH
& 10 MPH per
second.
10 MPH per
second.
capability to stop from
operation.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
stopped from
operation.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be stopped
from operation.
(T=O)
capability to unload
supermarket goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
stopped from
operation.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be stopped
from operation.
(T=O)
capability to retrieve goods.
N/A N/A
capability to lower goods no
more than half a ton per load.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to
retrieve goods.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to retrieve
goods.
(T=O)
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
capability to track supermarket
goods.
capability to identify any
goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to
identify goods.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to identify
goods.
(T=O)
capability to log goods into the
tracking system.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to log
goods into the
tracking system.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to log goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
capability to log the quantity of
any goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to log the
quantity of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to log the
quantity of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
capability to log the weight of
any goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to log the
weight of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to log the
weight of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
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System Design
The design solution for the Functional Architecture in Section 3.2 is shown below.
Diagram 2. LRAE-18 Physical Architecture showing system breakdown structure.
As depicted in Diagram 2, the LRAE-18 wheeler shall have the following systems to provide the
capabilities necessary for transporting supermarket goods:
• SDIN 1.0 – Load Management System to satisfy the functional requirements of loading,
protecting, and unloading supermarket goods.
• SDIN 2.0 – Climate Control System to satisfy the functional requirements of preserving
supermarket goods.
• SDIN 3.0 – Propulsion System to satisfy the functional requirements of delivering
supermarket goods.
• SDIN 4.0 – Smart Energy Consumption System to satisfy the functional requirements of
conserving fuel and tracking supermarket goods.
These four parent systems beget all the system design requirements in Table 2 of Section 3.3.1.
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LRAE-18
1.4
LATCHES
2.0
CLIMATE
CONTROL
3.0
PROPULSION
4.0
SMART ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
1.0
LOAD
MANAGEMENT
1.2
ELEVATOR
1.3
BAYS
1.1
SCALE
2.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
3.2.1.1
SOLAR
PANEL
3.2
ELECTRO-
MECHANICAL
ENGINE
3.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
ENGINE
3.2.1.1.1
SOLAR
ENERGY
3.2.1
RECHARGEABLE
BATTERY
4.1.1
GPS
4.1.2
TRAFFIC
UPDATE
PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18
4.1.3
INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT
2.2
ENGINE
HEAT
4.1
ENERGY WASTE
REDUCTION
4.2
ENERGY
RECLAIM
4.2.1
MECH ENERGY
RECLAIM
4.2.2
REGEN
BRAKING3.1.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
4.1.4
VEHICLE
DISPATCH

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System Design Requirements
Table 2. This table identifies the system design requirements, each of which is annotated with a
unique project identifier number for traceability. Their performance has an applicable
development threshold and objective. Verification and validation of these requirements are
discussed later.
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-35 The LRAE-18 shall have a
load management system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-36 The load management system
shall have a scale to weigh
goods no more than three
quarter of a ton.
ton per load.
shall have an elevator to lift
goods no more than half a ton
per load.
shall have an elevator to lower
goods no more than half a ton
per load.
shall have a total of 9 bays,
with 3 bays at the top level, 3
bays at the bottom level, and 3
bays between the top and
bottom level.
N/A N/A
shall have latches for securing
goods.
97% of goods
should not be
damaged during
delivery.
100% of goods
should not be
damaged during
delivery.
shall have latches for releasing
goods.
100% of goods
should be
released during
unloading.
(T=O)
100% of goods
should be released
during unloading.
(T=O)
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
climate control system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-43 The climate control system
shall use liquid nitrogen to
remove heat for lowering the
temperature in each bay at a
rate of 5oF per minute.
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be
removed from
the cargo area.
(T=O)
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be removed
from the cargo
area.
(T=O)
shall use heat from the electro-
mechanical engine to add heat
for raising the temperature in
each bay at a rate of 5oF per
minute.
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be added
to the cargo
area.
(T=O)
100% of the time
heat should be
able to be added to
the cargo area.
(T=O)
shall have a temperature
regulating module for
maintaining temperature in
room temperature band with a
tolerance of + 1oF in each of
the 3 bays at the top level.
Between 73°F &
75°F ± 1°F.
74°F.
refrigerated temperature band
with a tolerance of + 1oF in
each of the 3 bays at the
middle level.
Between 37°F &
41°F ± 1° F.
38°F.
freezer temperature band with
a tolerance of + 1oF in each of
the 3 bays at the bottom level.
Between 0°F &
2°F ± 1°F.
0°F.
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
propulsion system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-49 The propulsion system shall
have a keying module for
interfacing with the operator to
start the vehicle.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
started for
operation.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be started
for operation.
(T=O)
have a keying module for
interfacing with the operator to
stop the vehicle.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to be
stopped from
operation.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to be stopped
from operation.
(T=O)
have a speed-regulating
module for interfacing with the
operator to increase vehicle
speed.
Between 8 MPH
& 10 MPH per
second.
10 MPH per
second.
have a speed regulating
operator to maintain vehicle
speed.
Maintain current
speed ± 1 MPH
Maintain current
speed ± 0.5 MPH
have a speed regulating
operator to decrease vehicle
speed.
Between 8 MPH
& 10 MPH per
second.
10 MPH per
second.
have a backup liquid nitrogen
engine.
N/A N/A
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Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-55 The liquid nitrogen engine
shall run off of liquid nitrogen.
N/A N/A
have a primary electro-
mechanical engine.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-57 The electro-mechanical engine
shall have a rechargeable
battery.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-58 The rechargeable battery shall
store energy input from solar
panels.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-59 The solar panels shall absorb
solar energy from the sun.
N/A N/A
smart energy consumption
system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-61 The smart energy
consumption system shall
have an energy waste
reduction system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-62 The energy waste reduction
system shall have a GPS
module for interfacing with a
global positioning system
satellite.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
system shall have a traffic
updating module for interfacing
with the regional traffic
reporting system.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
system shall have an inventory
managing system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-65 The inventory managing 100% of the time 100% of the time
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EMSE 6801
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
system shall a UPC
recognition module to identify
goods.
the system shall
be able to
identify goods.
(T=O)
the system shall be
able to identify
goods.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-66 The inventory managing
system shall log the quantity of
identified goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to log
quantity of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to log quantity
of goods into the
tracking system.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-67 The inventory managing
system shall log the weight of
identified goods.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to log
weight of goods
into the tracking
system.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to log weight
of goods into the
tracking system.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-68 The smart energy
consumption system shall
have an energy reclaiming
system.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-69 The energy reclaiming system
shall have a mechanical
energy reclaiming system that
reclaims kinetic energy lost
when traveling.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to
reclaim kinetic
energy lost when
traveling.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to reclaim
kinetic energy lost
when traveling.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-70 The energy reclaiming system
shall have a regenerative
braking system that reclaims
kinetic energy lost when
stopping.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to
reclaim kinetic
energy lost when
stopping.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall be
able to reclaim
kinetic energy lost
when stopping.
(T=O)
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Page 21 of 68

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System External Interface Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-125 Workers shall weigh goods
using a scale.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-126 The UPC recognition module
shall obtain bar coded
information from the bill of
goods.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-127 The bill of goods shall contain
the identity and quantity of
goods.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-128 The crate shall be used for
packaging of goods for delivery.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-129 The vehicle inventory
management module shall
compute the identity and
quantity of goods being
transferred.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-130 Workers to life or lower goods
shall operate the vehicle
elevator.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-131 Worker shall move crated
goods.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-132 Workers shall secure or lease
the latches used for protecting
goods during transfer.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-133 The corporate inventory
management system shall
regulate the database.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-134 Corporate inventory
management shall regulate the
goods database.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-135 Vehicle operators shall use the 100 % of the 100 % of the time
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EMSE 6801
friendly interface to inventory
goods, GPS, and climate
controls.
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-136 Corporate inventory
management shall regulate the
goods database.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-137 The regional traffic reporting
system shall send traffic data to
the world GPS satellite system.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-138 The world GPS satellite system
shall send traffic data to the
vehicle GPS module.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-139 The vehicle GPS module shall
send traffic information to the
energy waste reduction system,
vehicle inventory management
module, and vehicle
dispatching module.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-140 The energy waster reduction
system shall compute the
optimal delivery designation.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-141 The vehicle dispatch module
shall interface with the
corporate dispatch system.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-142 The inventory-managing
module shall interface with the
corporate inventory
management system to
account for goods.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
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System Internal Interface Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-107 The temperature sensors shall
send signals to the
temperature-regulating module.
100% of the time
the system shall
send signals
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
send signals
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-108 The temperature-regulating
module shall send signals to
the valve actuator when an
undesirable temperature is
present.
100% of the time
the system shall
send signals
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
send signals
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-109 The valve actuator shall be able
to use liquid nitrogen for cooling
the cargo bay.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to use
liquid nitrogen
for cooling,
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to use
liquid nitrogen for
cooling,
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-110 The valve actuator shall be able
to use heat from the electro-
mechanical engine for heating
the cargo bay.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to use
heat from the
electro-
mechanical
engine for
heating.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able to use
heat from the
electro-mechanical
engine for heating.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-111 The heat exchanger shall allow
the movement of undesirable
air to leave the cargo bay.
100% of the time
the system shall
allow movement
of air.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
allow movement of
air.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-112 The keying module shall be
used to start or stop the LRAE-
18 system.
100 % of the
time the key
should start or
stop the system.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the key should
start or stop the
system.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-113 The bank of batteries shall
output direct current to the
power inverter.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-114 The power inverter shall
convert the direct current into
alternating current.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-115 The rotating magnets on the
drive shaft shall repel the
100 % of the
time the system
100 % of the time
the system shall
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motor-generator winding coils
during.
shall comply.
(T=O)
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-116 The repelling forces shall
create energy and rotate the
drive shaft.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-117 The drive shaft shall rotate the
wheels.
100 % of the
time.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-118 The wheels shall rotate the
drive shaft.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-119 The heating element shall heat
the liquid nitrogen to its boiling
point.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-120 The nitrogen vapor pressure
shall energize the liquid
nitrogen engine.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-121 The liquid nitrogen engine shall
rotate the drive shaft and
wheels.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-122 Solar panels shall capture solar
energy and transfer to bank of
batteries for storage.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-123 Power grids shall send
electrical energy to support
facilities that can recharge the
vehicles bank of batteries.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-124 The regenerative braking
system shall convert kinetic
energy into usable energy by
using the electro-mechanical
motor-generator, which outputs
alternating current.
100 % of the
time the system
shall comply.
(T=O)
100 % of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
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Safety Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-71 When workers are lifting heavy
items, steel-toed shoes shall be
worn.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-72 When workers are lifting heavy
items, pinch free gloves shall
be worn.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-73 Workers when lifting heavy
items shall use proper lifting
techniques.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-74 Workers operating the vehicle
elevator shall stand clear of the
load.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-75 When workers are securing
latches, pinch free gloves shall
be worn.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-76 When workers are releasing
latches, pinch free gloves shall
be worn.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-77 The vehicle operator shall wear
a seat belt when the keying
module is engaged.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-78 The vehicle operator shall obey
all vehicle operation policies.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-79 The LRAE-18 shall meet the
standards of the Occupational
Safety and Health
Administration.
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
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Security and Privacy Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-85 The corporate inventory
management system shall have
all central information
protected.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
shall have a locking mechanism
to secure all goods held within
the cargo area.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-87 The LRAE-18 system shall
have a security alarm installed
on the vehicle that becomes
engaged when the vehicle is
locked.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-88 The corporate dispatching
system shall have all have all
central information protected.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-89 Support facilities shall have
locking mechanism to secure
all doors of the facility.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-90 Support facilities shall have
locking mechanism to secure
all associated equipment
located at the facility.
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
be able provided
security against
theft
(T=O)
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System Environment Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
utilize safe energy with non-
negative environmental or
health implications.
100 % utilization
of safe energy.
T=O
100 % utilization of
safe energy.
T=O
PRUIN-1-97 The LRAE-18 system shall not
contribute to the proliferation of
carbon dioxide release.
0 % carbon
dioxide release.
T=O
0 % carbon
dioxide release.
T=O
contribute to the proliferation of
air polluting fume.
0 % of air
polluting fumes.
T=O
0 % of air polluting
fumes.
T=O
contribute to noise generated
from movement process.
>50 % reduction
in noise.
90% reduction in
noise.
utilize renewable sources of
energy that increase value and
reduce or eliminate waste
generation.
100 % utilization
of renewable
sources of
energy that
increase value
and reduce or
eliminate waste
generation.
T=O
renewable sources
of energy that
increase value and
reduce or
eliminate waste
generation.
T=O
utilize free or cheap renewable
energy sources.
90 % utilization
of free or cheap
renewable
energy sources.
free or cheap
renewable energy
sources.
meet standards of the
Environmental Protection
Agency to eliminate associated
air pollution fines and penalties.
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
meet standards of the
Department of Transportation.
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
meet the standards of the Food
and Drug Administration.
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
100 % of the
standards are
meet.
T=O
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meet the incentives from
pollution prevention programs.
90 % of all
incentives from
pollution
prevention
programs are
met.
100 % of all
incentives from
pollution
prevention
programs are met.
have the ability to utilize
renewable sources of energy
for major energy consumption
components such as mobility
and air conditioning.
>99.9 %
renewable
sources of
energy
utilization.
100 % renewable
sources of energy
utilization.
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Personnel-Related Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
Click here to enter text.
Training-Related Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-91 Workers shall be trained on the
proper techniques to lift heavy
goods.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-92 Vehicle operators shall be
trained on the proper
regulations associated
operating the LRAE-18.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-93 In-house management shall be
trained on the protocols and
regulations associated with the
managing of the LRAE-18.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-94 In-house workers shall be
trained on the protocols and
regulations associated with
oversight of LRAE-18
operation.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-95 Support facility mechanics shall
be trained on the maintenance
associated with the LRAE-18.
N/A N/A
.
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Packaging Requirements
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-80 Workers packing the crate with
goods shall place heavy goods
in separate crates from light or
fragile goods.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-81 The packed crate containing
room temperature goods shall
be stored in the room
temperature bay.
N/A N/A
frozen goods shall be stored in
the freezer bay.
N/A N/A
refrigerated goods shall be
stored in the refrigerated bay.
N/A N/A
PRUIN-1-84 When loading crate containing
goods into respective bay the
crate shall be secured with
latches to prevent damage of
goods.
N/A N/A
Disposal
Project Requirement
Number
Threshold
(T)
Development
Objective
(O)
PRUIN-1-143 The battery shall be safely
disposed of in a battery-
recycling center.
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-144 Tires shall be safely disposed
of in a tire recycling facility.
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
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PRUIN-1-145 Metal used for structure shall
be safely disposed of or sold for
scrap
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
PRUIN-1-146 Nitrogen used to power the
cooling system shall be
properly disposed of
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
100% of the time
the system shall
comply.
(T=O)
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4. Verification Provisions
Verification Methods
Demonstration
The verification process of demonstration is used for a qualitative exhibition of a system or
subsystem’s functional performance and surveillance of operation. This method can be used with
or without special test equipment to verify compliance with the system or subsystem’s
requirement.
Refer to the Verification column in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix to
identify which requirement can be verified via demonstration.
Test
The verification process of test is used under control conditions that are either real or simulated.
Special equipment is used for measure mentation and evaluation of specifically define criteria
which the system or subsystem shall meet. This method of verification is used on higher risk
systems or subsystem to establish confidence of quality.
identify which requirement can be verified via testing.
.
Analysis
The verification process of analysis is used under define conditions where analytical data shows
theoretical compliance with the system or subsystem’s requirement. This method is used when
testing to realistic conditions cannot be achieved or is not cost-effective.
identify which requirement can be verified via analysis.
Inspection
The verification process of inspection is used to confirm compliance with the system or
subsystem’s requirement by verifying properties established in applicable documentation. This is
usually done by visually examination of the physical condition of the requirement.
identify which requirement can be verified via inspection.
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Special Verification Methods
None.
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5. Requirements Traceability
Traceability to Capability Document or System Specification
For our system level requirements, traceability will be achieved by assigning a system
identification number to each functional and physical system requirements. The system
requirements are then validated using the LRAE-18 CDD (FCD, 2014). Satisfaction of the CDD
main requirements can be seen in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix.
Refer to the Requirements Traceability column in the Appendix.
Traceability to Subsystems Requirements
For our subsystem level requirements, traceability will be achieved by assigning a system
identification number to each functional and physical subsystem requirements. The system
requirements are then validated using the LRAE-18 CDD (FCD, 2014). Satisfaction of the CDD
main requirements can be seen in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix.
Refer to the Requirements Traceability column in the Appendix.
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6. Appendix
Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions
EPA- Environmental Protection Agency
FDA- Food and Drug Administration
OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CDD- Capability Development Document
GPS- Global Positioning System
SRD- System Requirements Document
T- Threshold
O- Objective
T=O- Threshold and Objective are the same requirement level. No effort will be expended to
exceed the Threshold requirement.
SIN- System Identification Number
PRUIN-Project Unique Identifier Number
SDIN-System Design Identification Number
SFIN-System Function Identification Number
CDD-Capabilities Development Document
FRIN-Functional Requirements Identification Number
DRIN-Design Requirements Identification Number
SRIN-Safety Requirements Identification Number
PRIN-Packaging Requirements Identification Number
TRIN-Training Requirements Identification Number
ERIN-Environmental Requirements Identification Number
IIRIN-Internal Interface Requirements Identification Number
EIRIN-External Interface Requirements Identification Number
DIRIN-Disposal Requirements Identification Number
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Appendix B: Key Performance Parameters/Key System Attributes
Appendix B
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TRANSPORT
SUPERMARKET
GOODS
2.0
PROTECT
GOODS
3.0
PRESERVE
GOODS
4.0
DELIVER
GOODS
5.0
UNLOAD
GOODS
6.0
TRACK
GOODS
1.0
LOAD
GOODS
1.2
LIFT
GOODS
1.3 – 1.5
STORE
GOODS
1.1
WEIGH
GOODS
2.1
SECURE
GOODS
2.2
RELEASE
GOODS
3.1
CONTROL
CLIMATE
4.2
OPERATE
VEHICLE
4.3
STOP
VEHICLE
4.1
START
VEHICLE
5.1
RETRIEVE
GOODS
5.2
LOWER
GOODS
4.2.2
MAINTAIN
SPEED
4.2.1
INCREASE
SPEED
4.2.3
DECREASE
SPEED
3.1.2 – 3.1.4
MAINTAIN
TEMP
3.1.1
RAISE
TEMP
3.1.5
LOWER
TEMP
6.1
IDENTIFY
GOODS
6.2
LOG
GOODS
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18
3.1.1.1
ADD
HEAT
3.1.5.1
REMOVE
HEAT
6.2.1
LOG QUANTITY
OF GOODS
6.2.2
LOG WIEGHT OF
GOODS
Diagram 1. LRAE-18 Functional Architecture showing parent to child functional relationships.
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Page 39 of 68

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Diagram 2. LRAE-18 Physical Architecture showing system breakdown structure.
Diagram 1. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for packing crated goods
for warehouse worker, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines
functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the
chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2
visual matrix represents, the interface
inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank
square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.
Page 41 of 68
N2
Diagram
-For Packing Crated Goods for Warehouse Worker
Warehouse scale -Weight of goods -Weight of goods -Weight of goods -Weight of goods
UPC recognition
module
-Data from UPC
recognition module
-Data from UPC
recognition module
- Data from UPC
recognition module
-Policy Standards
-Concerns/Issues
-Policy Standards
Corporate Inventory
Management System
-Constraints on
packaging
requirements
-Policy Standards
-Concerns/Issues
-Physical Architecture
-Policy Standards
-Communicates that
goods are secured for
transfer
Crate
-Data from Bill of
Goods
-Data from Bill of
Goods
-Data from Bill of
Goods
Bill of Goods
LRAE-18
1.4
LATCHES
2.0
CLIMATE
CONTROL
3.0
PROPULSION
4.0
SMART ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
1.0
LOAD
MANAGEMENT
1.2
ELEVATOR
1.3
BAYS
1.1
SCALE
2.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
3.2.1.1
SOLAR
PANEL
3.2
ELECTRO-
MECHANICAL
ENGINE
3.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
ENGINE
3.2.1.1.1
SOLAR
ENERGY
3.2.1
RECHARGEABLE
BATTERY
4.1.1
GPS
4.1.2
TRAFFIC
UPDATE
PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18
4.1.3
INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT
2.2
ENGINE
HEAT
4.1
ENERGY WASTE
REDUCTION
4.2
ENERGY
RECLAIM
4.2.1
MECH ENERGY
RECLAIM
4.2.2
REGEN
BRAKING3.1.1
LIQUID
NITROGEN
4.1.4
VEHICLE
DISPATCH

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Diagram 2. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for loading crated goods
into cargo bay for vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that,
defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are
positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2
visual matrix
represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a
clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the
respective functions.
Page 43 of 68
N2
Diagram
-For Loading Crated Goods into Cargo Bay for Vehicle Operator
Vehicle
Scale
-Weight of
goods
-Weight of
goods
-Weight of
goods
-Weight of
goods
-Weight of
goods
-Weight of
goods
Bill of
Goods
-Data from
Bill of
Goods
-Data from Bill
of Goods
-Data from
UPC
recognition
module
UPC
Recognition
Module
-Data from UPC
recognition
module
-Data from
UPC
recognition
module
-Data from
Bill of Goods
Vehicle
Inventory
Management
Module
-Communicates
database
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Policy
Standards
-Communicates
database
Corporate
Inventory
Management
System
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Bay level -Bay level -Bay level -Bay level Vehicle
elevator
-Bay level -Bay level
-Bay level
and
location
-Bay level
and location
-Bay level and
location
-Bay level and
location
Move
Crated
Goods
-Bay level
and location
-Communicates
goods are
secured
-Communicates
goods are
secured
Latches

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Diagram 3. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for unloading crated
goods for vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines
functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the
chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2
visual matrix represents, the interface
inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank
square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.
Page 44 of 68
N2
Diagram
-For Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator
Latches -Communicates
goods are
released
-Communicates
goods are
released
-Communicates
goods are
released
-Communicates
goods are
released
Vehicle
Elevator
-Communicates
Elevator status
-Communicates
Elevator status
-Communicates
Elevator status
Bill of Goods -Data from Bill
of Goods
-Data from Bill
of Goods
-Data from Bill
of Goods
-Data from Bill
of Goods
UPC
Recognition
Module
-Data from
UPC
recognition
module
--Data from
UPC
recognition
module
--Data from
UPC
recognition
module
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Policy
Standards
Vehicle
Inventory
Management
Module
-Summary
Report
-Communicates
database
-Constraints -Constraints -Communicates
database
Friendly
Interface
-Communicates
database
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns/
Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Policy
Standards
-Communicates
database
-Concerns/
Issues
-Interface
Control
Documents
Corporate
Inventory
Management

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Diagram 4. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of the
climate control system when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher than set
point temperature, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional
interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart
diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2
visual matrix represents, the interface inputs
and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square
signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.
Page 45 of 68
N2
Diagram
- Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is
undesirably higher than set point temperature
Program/ Vehicle
Operator
-Desired temperature
-Data from
temperature sensor
Temperature Sensor -Signals temperature
-Data from
temperature
regulating module
Temperature
Regulating Module
-Signals to open valve
for cooling
Valve Actuator -Liquid nitrogen
-Signals of heat
absents
-Signals of heat
absents
Heat Exchanger

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Diagram 5. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of the
climate control system when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower than set
point temperature, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional
Page 46 of 68
N2
Diagram
- Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is
undesirably lower than set point temperature
Program/ Vehicle
Operator
-Desired Temperature
-Data from
Temperature Sensor
Temperature Sensor -Signals Temperature
-Data From
Temperature
Regulating Module
Temperature
Regulating Module
-Signals to Open
Valve For Heating
Valve Actuator -Hot Air From
Electro-Mechanical
Engine
-Signals of Heat
Absorbed
-Signals of Heat
Absorbed
Heat Exchanger

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Diagram 6. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for delivering goods for
vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional
Page 48 of 68
N2
Diagram
-For Delivering Goods for Vehicle Operator
Keying
Module
-Produces
Power
-Produces
Power
Regional
Traffic
Reportin
g System
-Transfers
Traffic
Location
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns
/Issues
Corporate
Inventory
Management
System
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Database
Corporate
Dispatching
System
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
Communicates
Data
-Location Data -Location Data World
GPS
Satellite
System
-Location
Data
-Location Data -Location Data -Location Data -Location Data
-Vehicle
Location
-Location Data -Location Data -Vehicle
Location
Vehicle
GPS
Module
-Location Data -Location Data -Location Data -Location Data
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Database
-Optimal
Delivery
Destination
-Optimal
Delivery
Destination
Energy Waste
Reduction
system
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
-Optimal
Delivery
Destination
-Communicates
Database
-Communicates
Data
Vehicle
Inventory
Management
module
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
-Communicates
Data
Vehicle
Dispatching
Module
Communicates
Data
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns
/Issues
-Communicates
Data
Communicates
Data
-Policy
Standards
-
Concerns
/Issues
-Policy
Standards
-Concerns
/Issues
Communicates
Data
Vehicle Support
Facilities and
Warehouse

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Diagram 7. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of vehicle
propulsion system in normal mode (driving via battery power), demonstrating a
systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external).
The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in
the N2
visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between
functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no
interface between the respective functions.
Page 49 of 68
N2
Diagram
-Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Normal Mode (Driving via Battery
Power)
Bank of
Batteries
-Direct Current
Power Inverter -Alternating
Current
Motor-
Generator
Winding Coils
-Changes in
Magnetic
Polarity
-
Magnets -Repelling force
-Surplus energy Drive Shaft -Rotating Drive
Shaft
-Surplus energy Wheels

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propulsion system in reverse mode (driving via vehicle power), demonstrating a
systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external).
The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in
the N2
visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between
functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no
interface between the respective functions.
Page 50 of 68
N2
Diagram
-Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Driving via Vehicle Power)
Wheels -Turns Drive
Shaft
Drive Shaft -Changes in
Magnetic
Polarity
Magnets -Moving
Magnetic Flux
Motor-
Generator
Winding Coils
-Alternating
Current
Power Inverter - Direct Current
-Surplus energy -Surplus energy Bank of
Batteries

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propulsion system in reserve Mode (using liquid nitrogen to drive vehicle and recharge
bank of batteries), demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional
Page 51 of 68
N2
Diagram
- Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reserve Mode (Using Liquid Nitrogen
to Drive Vehicle and Recharge Bank of Batteries):
Bank of
Batteries
-Outputs energy -Outputs energy
Heating
Element
-Heat
Liquid
Nitrogen
-Boiling of
liquid nitrogen
Nitrogen Vapor
Pressure
-Outputs energy
Liquid
Nitrogen
Engine
-Turns drive
shaft / rotates
wheels
-Surplus energy Drive Shaft /
Wheels

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- N2
Diagram
-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Normal Mode
Solar Panels -Solar electric energy
Bank of Batteries
Diagram 10. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of
vehicle batteries in normal mode, demonstrating a systematic approach that,
visual matrix
N2
Diagram
-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Backup Mode
Power Grid -Electrical energy
Support Facility -Electrical energy
Bank of Batteries
vehicle batteries in backup mode, demonstrating a systematic approach that,
visual matrix
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vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method A, demonstrating a systematic
approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system
functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2
visual
matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in
a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the
Page 53 of 68
N2
Diagram
-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method A
Wheels -Turns Drive
Shaft
Drive Shaft -Kinetic Energy
Regenerative
Braking System
-Kinetic Energy
Captured
Electro-
Mechanical
Motor-
Generator
-Alternating
Current
Bank of
Batteries

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vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method B, demonstrating a systematic
visual
Page 54 of 68
N2
Diagram
-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method B
Wheels -Turns Drive Shaft
Drive Shaft -Gravitational
Energy
Electro-Mechanical
Motor-Generator
-Alternating Current
Bank of Batteries

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vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method C, demonstrating a systematic
visual
Page 55 of 68
N2
Diagram
- Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method C
Bank of
Batteries
-Outputs energy -Outputs energy
Heating
Element
-Heat
Liquid
Nitrogen
-Boiling of
liquid nitrogen
Nitrogen Vapor
Pressure
-Outputs energy
Liquid
Nitrogen
Engine
-Turns drive
shaft / rotates
wheels
-Surplus energy Drive Shaft /
Wheels

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Figure 1. Operational View (OV-1) showing interfaces associated with the LRAE 18-
wheeler.
Page 56 of 68
LRAE 18-Wheeler

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Table 6. Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Interest/ requirement
from the project
What does the
project need from
them?
Notes
Vehicle
Operator
Responsible for
operating of the LREA-
18.
Awareness of
existing method,
views and opinions,
enhancement
options, practicality
opinions.
Keep operator in the loop
as the product is
developed on issues and
risks as they arise.
Mechanics Responsible for
maintenance of the
LREA-18.
Knowledge of
existing methods of
maintenance and
options for ease of
knowledge curve
for training
mechanics for
maintenance.
Keep maintenance
requirements of the
LREA-18 similar to
current semi trucks to
mitigate training
requirements for
mechanics. Keep
mechanics in the loop as
issues and risks arise.
Community Interest in pollution
reduction methods and
effects on the
community/
environment.
Supporting the
LRAE-18’s goal to
reduce pollution.
Keep community
opinions on methods to
reduce pollution in mind
during development.
Retail Stores Use of the LRAE-18. Knowledge of
existing methods
Keep customer in the
loop as the product is
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and practicality
opinions.
developed on issues and
risks as they arise and
invite to meetings.
Department of
Transportation
(DOT)
Interest in design
requirements and
vehicle operation for
road transportation.
Knowledge
constraints that may
affect operation and
development of the
LREA-18.
Keep the DOT in the
loop as the product is
developed on issues or
risks involved.
from the project
What does the
project need from
them?
Notes
Environmental
Protection
Agency (EPA)
Pollution reduction
requirements for the
economically friendly
LRAE-18
Knowledge of
requirements for
reducing pollution
to the environment.
EPA requirements govern
the LREA-18
development and are
essential factor in scope
of the project.
Food and
Drug
Administratio
n (FDA)
Transportation of
grocery products by the
LRAE-18
Food safety
transportation
regulations.
FDA requirements
govern the LREA-18
development and are
essential factor in scope
of the project.
Suppliers/Ven
dors
Delivery/schedule
requirements.
Schedule process,
identification of
risks, and
requirements.
Identify technical
constraints, invite to
meetings.
Product
Warehouses
Delivery/schedule
requirements, cargo
area operation,
technical advancements
of designed for the
LREA-18
Grocery product
environment
(temperature)
constraints in cargo
area during
transportation, risks
and opinions for
operation.
Invite to meetings and
identify technical
constraints.
Support Responsible for To provide Invite to meetings. Keep
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Facilities maintenance of the
LRAE-18
feedback and
opinions on
maintaining the
longevity of the
LREA-18.
maintenance
requirements of the
LREA-18 similar to
current semi trucks to
mitigate training
requirements for
mechanics. Keep
mechanics in the loop as
issues and risks arise.
from the project
What does the
project need from
them?
Notes
Management Knowledge of risk and
issues involved with
the project
development. Monthly
Project Management
Reviews (PMR’s).
Commitment to the
project, staffing
support, and help
resolving issues and
risks
Identifies risks/impacts
involved during project
development.
Project Team Responsible for
delivering current and
redesigned processes.
Identification of
risks, issues, and
lessons learned.
development.
Project
Management
Office
Managing staffing and
project planning during
system development
for the LRAE-18
Assignment of
project
management,
provide guidance
and direction of the
project, monitor
projects progress,
and to provide
support on project
constraints or risks.
development.
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Risk
Statements
Approach to
Dealing
with Risk
Actions
Taken
Risk
Assessment
R1. If the
climate
control
system fails,
then
perishable
goods in the
cargo space
will be
deemed
spoiled in
accordance
with FDA
regulations.
Avoid
Transfer
Perform
routine
maintenances
and
operational
checks prior
to making
delivery.
Insure goods
to transfer
risk to
another
entity.
Likelihood of 2
because more
than one
components can
fail.
Consequence of 4
because cost to
replace/redeliver
spoiled goods
more than
doubles.
R2. If the
latch system
fails to secure
goods, then
goods will move
out of place
inside the trailer
and result in
damage.
Transfer
Mitigate
Insure goods
to transfer
risk to
another
entity.
Inspect all
latches and
make sure all
Likelihood of 1
because
mechanical
latches rarely fail.
Consequence of 4
because cost to
replace/redeliver
damaged goods
Page 60 of 68
R1
R2 R3

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goods are
properly
secured prior
to making
delivery.
more than
doubles.
R3. If the
truck weighs
more than 80
tons, then it
will not be
permitted to
operate on
US roads and
highways in
accordance
with DOT
regulations.
Mitigate Weigh goods
and verify
total weight
via Inventory
Management
System prior
to making
delivery.
Unload some
of the goods
to remove
excess
weight.
Likelihood of 1
because weights
are tracked and
driver will be
warned by user
interface.
Consequence of 5
because all goods
in trailer cannot
be delivered until
weight
requirements are
met.
Procedures: Use-Case
Procedure/Use Case for Packing Crated Goods for Warehouse Worker
- Load and weigh good with warehouse scale
- Identify good with warehouse UPC recognition module
- Update and log good into Corporate Inventory Management System
- Place good into crate
- Generate and affix Bill of Goods onto crate
Procedure/Use Case for Loading Crated Goods into Cargo Bay for Vehicle Operator
- Load and weigh crated goods with vehicle scale
- Identify goods inside crate with vehicle UPC recognition module and crate’s Bill of
Goods
- Update and log quantity of goods with vehicle Inventory Management module
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- Update and log weight of goods with vehicle Inventory Management module
- Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory Management
System to update database
- Raise crated goods to desired bay level with vehicle elevator
- Move crated goods to docking location inside bay
- Secure crated goods with latches
Procedure/Use Case for Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator
- Release crated goods with latches
- Move crated goods to vehicle elevator
- Lower crated goods to ground level
- Identify unloading crated goods with UPC recognition module and crate’s Bill of Goods
- Update and log quantity of goods with vehicle inventory management module
- Update and log weight of goods with vehicle inventory management module
- Inventory Management module generate summary report for vehicle operator via user
friendly interface screen and read-aloud
- Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory Management
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Procedure/Use Case for Preserving Goods during Delivery for Vehicle Operator
- Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store room temperature
goods in top level bay
- Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store refrigerated goods in
middle level bay
- Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store freezer temperature
goods in bottom level bay
Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher
than set point temperature:
- Temperature sensor reads temperature in cargo bay
- Temperature sensor transmit signal to Temperature Regulating module
- Temperature Regulating module compares cargo bay temperature against set point
temperature established by program/vehicle operator
- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher
than set point temperature
- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to open valve
- Valve actuator opens valve
- Open valve allows cooling liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen bottle or liquid nitrogen
engine exhaust to flow through heat exchanger to absorb and carry away heat from the
cargo bay
- Temperature in cargo bay lowers to set point temperature
- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is equal to set point
temperature
- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to close valve
- Valve actuator closes valve so liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen bottle or exhaust from
liquid nitrogen engine cannot flow to heat exchanger to absorb and carry away heat from
cargo bay to cause temperature in cargo bay to lower
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Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower
than set point temperature:
- Temperature sensor reads temperature in cargo bay
- Temperature sensor transmit signal to Temperature Regulating module
- Temperature Regulating module compares cargo bay temperature against set point
temperature established by program/vehicle operator
- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower
than set point temperature
- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to open valve
- Valve actuator opens valve
- Open valve allows hot air from electro-mechanical engine cooling exhaust or an electric
heating element to flow through heat exchanger to release heat into the cargo bay
- Temperature in cargo bay rises to set point temperature
- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is equal to set point
temperature
- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to close valve
- Valve actuator closes valve so hot air from electro-mechanical engine cooling exhaust or
an electric heating element cannot flow to heat exchanger to release heat into the cargo
bay
Procedure/Use Case for Delivering Goods for Vehicle Operator
- Start, or turn on, vehicle with Keying module
- Vehicle Traffic Updating module synchronizes/communicates with Regional Traffic
Reporting System
- Vehicle Inventory Management module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate
Inventory Management System
- Vehicle Dispatching module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate Dispatching
System
- Vehicle GPS module synchronizes/communicates with World GPS Satellite System to
determine current location
- Confirm current location in response to request from vehicle GPS module
- Vehicle GPS module, vehicle Traffic Updating module, vehicle Inventory Management
module, and vehicle Dispatching module send data to Energy Waste Reduction system
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for calculation against current resource status such as fuel level to determine set of
optimal delivery destinations.
- Select one of the optimal delivery destination options generated by the Energy Waste
Reduction system or enter destination of choice
- Deliver goods to destination
- Use Procedure/Use Case for Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator to unload
goods at destination supermarket
- Vehicle Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory
Management System to update database
- Vehicle Dispatching module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate Dispatching
- Energy Waste Reduction system recalculates against current resource status such as fuel
level to determine next set of optimal delivery destinations.
- Select one of the optimal delivery destination options generated by the Energy Waste
Reduction system or enter destination of choice to deliver goods to the next supermarket
- Energy Waste Reduction system recalculates against current resource status such as fuel
level to determine set of optimal vehicle support facilities and warehouse for replenishing
vehicle resources and delivery goods
- Use vehicle Keying module to stop, or turn off, vehicle for servicing at support facilities
and warehouse
Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Normal Mode (Driving via Battery Power):
- Bank of Batteries on board vehicle provide Direct Current to the Power Inverter.
- Power Inverter converts Direct Current to Alternating Current.
- Alternative Current changes magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils.
- Like magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils and magnets on Drive Shaft
repel.
- Repelling force turns the Drive Shaft.
- Rotating Drive Shaft turns the wheels of the vehicle.
- Rotating wheels puts the vehicle in motion.
Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery):
- Vehicle wheels or Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft with attached magnets.
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- Rotating magnets on Drive Shaft produce moving magnetic flux cutting through Motor-
Generator winding coils to induce, or generate, Alternating Current.
- Power Inverter converts Alternative Current to Direct Current.
- Direct Current recharges Bank of Batteries.
Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reserve Mode (Using Liquid Nitrogen to Drive
Vehicle and Recharge Bank of Batteries):
- Extremely low boiling point Liquid Nitrogen absorbing Ambient Heat via Heat
Exchanger or heat from Heating Element powered by Bank of Batteries turns into
Nitrogen Vapor.
- Nitrogen Vapor Pressure drives Liquid Nitrogen Engine.
- Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft.
- Rotating Drive Shaft turns wheels to put vehicle in motion and attached magnets to
recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse
Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery).
Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Normal Mode:
- Solar Panels on vehicle converts Solar Energy from sun to Electrical Energy.
- Electrical Energy recharges Bank of Batteries.
Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Backup Mode:
- Electrical Energy at the Support Facilities from Power Grid recharges Bank of Batteries.
Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method A:
- Vehicle Stopping Energy is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-
Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft to stop the vehicle with its Propulsion
System in Reverse Mode.
- Power Inverter converts Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator
to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.
Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method B:
- Vehicle Gravitational Energy is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-
Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft as the vehicle, with its Propulsion System
in Reverse Mode, is going downhill.
- Power Inverter converts Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator
to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.
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Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method C:
- Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft of vehicle with its Propulsion System in
Reserve Mode.
Rotating Drive Shaft turns attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation
of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging
6.3 Appendix C: Requirements Traceability Matrix
See attached file.
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Page 68 of 68

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