2. 1. Write short note on laminated composite materials?
• Laminated composite material is a layered medium, made by stacking
and curing plies with different fiber orientations. Plies with different fiber
orientations have significantly different material stiffness matrices.
• Types of laminated material :-
• The four pri- mary categories of composites are polymer matrix
composites (PMCs), metal matrix compos- ites (MMCs), ceramic matrix
composites (CMCs), and carbon matrix composites (CAMCs).
• Application laminated materials :-
• Laminated composite materials are used extensively in aerospace and
other applications. With their high specific modulus, high specific
strength, and the capability of being tailored for a specific application,
these materials offer definite advantages compared to more traditional
materials.
3. 2)Nikel and vanadium effect on steel write down?
• Efect of nikel:-Nickel is an austenite stabilizer and widens the austenite region and contracts the
ferrite region in steel. Nickel improves the resistance against the corrosion and oxidation at
elevated temperatures. Nickel improves the toughness and strength by refining the grain size.
• Efect of vanadium on steel :-Vanadium can refine the grain structure of steel, which increases
the strength, toughness, and wear resistance. When it is melted to form austenite at high
temperature, the hardenability of the steel can be increased. On the contrary, when vanadium
exists as its carbide, the hardenability of the steel will be reduced.
• 3)Write down the advantage and lmitations of ndt?how you chose the ndt test?
• Advantage of NDT:-
• Using some methods, the materialscan be tested even while in use, which eliminates the need to shut
down operationsduringtesting. Accident Prevention.
• Non-DestructiveTesting can help prevent accidents, which helps reduce costs associated with repairs,
replacement,and equipment loss and business shut down.
• Limitation of NDT:-
• The Disadvantages of Non-destructiveTesting
• These can includesimple factors like: Componentsneeding to be cleaned before and after inspection.
Sensitivity of inspection can sometimes be affected by the finish of a component. Sometimesthere might
be a lack of depth sizing.
4. • When planning NDT testing one should take into account a number of factors such
as:
• requirements regarding reliable and safe operation,
• quality assurance level achieved,
• characteristics of welding processes, 'I properties of materials used,
• feasibility of NDT methods available,
• economic criteria.
4)Write short note on A)spherodise Annealing B)Selective corrosion C)Pitting
corrosion ?
A):-Spheroidize Annealing is a type of annealing process involving controlled
heating and cooling to produce a microstructure consisting of spherical
(spheroidal) carbides in a ferrite matrix.
B) In metallurgy, selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification,
parting and selective corrosion, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys,
when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached
from the initially homogenous materia
5. C) Pitting corrosion is a localized form of corrosion by which cavities or
"holes" are produced in the material. Pitting is considered to be more
dangerous than uniform corrosion damage because it is more difficult
to detect, predict and design against. Corrosion products often cover
the pits....
5)Write short notes :a)ceramic b)epoxies c)Muntz metal d)monel metal
E)Creep f)toughness g)brittleness h)Carburising I)induction hardening?
