This document provides an overview of Pakistan's major and minor industries, including agriculture, textiles, mining, sports goods, and IT. It discusses how each industry benefits Pakistan's economy and outlines some concerns facing each sector. The future prospects section proposes ideas to address issues in agriculture, textiles, and mining. The document concludes by comparing Pakistan's industries to those of Japan and China in terms of scale, technology, resources, and competitiveness.

1. Industries in Pakistan
By Hamza Sohail, Adil Shafique, and Zaryab Taqi

2. Aims and Objectives
● The main purpose of this presentation is to create awareness
about the current situation of Pakistan’s industries.
● The benefit that these industries provide to Pakistan.
● The concerns that these industries face.
● The future prospects of these industries.
● Another aim is to compare and contrast Pakistan’s industries
with other countries of the world.

3. The Difference between Major and
Minor industries
● An industry is categorized as a major industry
based on factors such as its contribution to
the country’s gross domestic product (GDP)
and the percentage of the country’s
population it employs.
● A major industry employs a large number a of
the country’s population or labour force and
contributes greatly to the GDP of the country.
● A minor Industry does not contribute as much
to the country's GDP and employs a smaller
sector of the population than a major industry.
● Major Industries are more precious and
beneficial to a country’s economy as well.

4. Major Industries
Agriculture
● Agriculture is one of the main industries of Pakistan
and constitutes a large sector of the economy.
● It contributes about 24 percent of the GDP and
accounts for half of employed labour force.
● Agriculture is also a large source of foreign exchange
earnings for Pakistan.
● Agriculture helps to feed the entire populace and
crops such as wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, maize
are the most widely grown.
● In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400 metric tons of
wheat and almost thrice as much in 2015.
● Minerals generated from Balochistan and Sindh are
mainly expended in the agricultural sector in the form
of fertilizers and soil enrichment products. It is also
the main industry sustaining the population of
Pakistan.
Harvesting of Wheat in a small subsistence
farm

5. Textile Industry
● The textile industry is an important part of
Pakistan’s economy. This sector contributes
8.5% to the GDP, accounts for 32.2% of industrial
employment and 57% of total exports
● Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile
products in Asia
● The 3 main countries which Pakistan exports to
are Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. But due
to increasing demand in the local market the
cotton available for export has decreased.
Mining Industry
● Pakistan has deposits of several minerals
including coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral
salt, bauxite and several other minerals
● Mining is managed by the Pakistan Mineral
Development Corporation.
● The province of Balochistan is the richest in
mineral resources. While recently Sindh
discovered coal deposits in Thar.
● KPK is also rich in gems. Currently there are
around 52 minerals in Pakistan and Khewra salt
mines are currently the 2nd largest in the world.
Major Industries

6. Minor Industries
Sports Goods Industry
● Our sports goods Industry is located in Sialkot; a famous city
of province of Punjab which has earned very good name for
Pakistan and gives good foreign exchange as sports goods
of sialkot.
● The basic raw material is leather and mulberry wood that are
available in Pakistan, especially mulberry wood.
● The produce includes footballs, hockey sticks, polo gear,
rackets, etc.
IT Industry
● Information technology in Pakistan is a growing and rising
industry that has a lot of potential.
● Matters relating to the IT industry are overseen and regulated
by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the
Government of Pakistan.
● IT is said to drive Pakistan out of economic crisis according to
skilled analysts.

7. Benefits
Agriculture
● Agriculture industry is the major source of
employment in Pakistan.
● In 2007-08 Development Report of UNDP 65%
of the total population of Pakistan lived in rural
areas in 2005.
● It is also a main contributor to GDP as other
industries are underdeveloped when compared
to Pakistan’s agriculture.
● Our agricultural export includes rice, oranges,
mango’s, apricots etc. It also supports other
industries like the textile industry.
Textile
● It is said to be the backbone of Pakistan’s
economy. Textile products are mainly
exported to China.
● Pakistan’s textile industry ranks among the
top in the world.
● Pakistan’s textile production’s success lays
behind low production costs. Cotton is also
available cheaply.
● Currently inputs for the textile industry are at
a surplus. It is also a major export resulting in
earnings of $4568 million annually.

8. Mining
● Pakistan has mineral resources in abundance
particularly in Balochistan, Punjab, and Sindh.
● The most common mineral resource is lignite
coal. It is available in massive quantities in
Balochistan and Sindh.
● Pakistan’s own reserve is also very large (185
billion tonnes).
● Experts say that coal can power Pakistan for
more than a hundred years or so and produce
100 million Kwh of electricity.
● In Sindh, Thar has the 5th
largest coal reserves
in the world. Potwar plateau is also very
productive and provides limestone and
gypsum which helps in making cement and
developing infrastructure around Pakistan.
● Metals are also found in various place across
Balochistan.
Benefits

9. Concerns
Agriculture
● The majority of land in punjab has been
subjected to waterlogging and salinity which
has rendered the land uncultivable.
● Almost 30 lac acres of Punjab is
waterlogged.
● The land is being exhausted and artificial
fertilizers pollute the land further.
Textile Industry
● Leaf-Curl virus is a major concern for this
industry as it lessens the yield of cotton
crops.
● Other countries such Hong Kong pose strong
competition. There is a need of improvement.
● The textile industry is also facing problems
like shortage of electricity, cotton chipping
and processing issues due to outdated
machinery
Mining
● Even though Pakistan has mineral resources in
abundance, mining poses environmental risks.
● We cannot rely on mineral resources forever and
eventually we will need to shift to renewables.
● Most labourers in this market are exploited as
there are no labours laws and most firms in this
sector are unregistered.
● Pakistan is also in need of managers for our large
scale mining projects but there is a lack of
educated people and foreigners hesitate to come
here due to security reasons.
● People working in this sector also face many
dangers like skin cancer, lung diseases(like
Tuberculosis and Asthma) and terrible working
conditions with low wages.
● Mining in Balochistan is also restricted, which is
our gold mine for resources, due to an agreement
back in the 60’s with America.

10. Future Prospects
Agriculture
● Technologies such as control over
the ionosphere so we can control
precipitation as Pakistani
agriculture's biggest enemy is
inconsistent rain.
● The costs of production also need
to be lowered to stay competitive.
This can be done through lesser
wastage of resources and proper
training of the labourers.
● Drip irrigation should be
implemented because it is much
more efficient than the
conventional forms of irrigation.
● Pests also continue to be a
problem which can be controlled
through proper awareness of
pesticides.
Textile
● The textile industry needs to be
monitored so it can improve.
● Most firms are unregistered so
they are difficult to control.
● There needs to be proper
implementation of ISO standards
9000 and 14000. Without it we
cannot export finished products
and stay behind the competition.
● Pakistan so far has been only
been able to export cotton as a
raw material.
● Technologies should also be
implemented as well as proper
training of the labourers so there
is lesser wastage of resources
and faster more efficient work.
Mining
● Pakistan’s next step to
improving its mining industry
is the proper monitoring and
management of large scale
mining projects.
● Large scale projects fail
even though they have been
proven to be feasible.
● There also needs to be
observance of labour laws
as people working in this
industry are exploited for
which they can do nothing.
● Once the restrictions on the
mining in Balochistan is
lifted, Pakistan should also
try to extract them

11. Comparison With Other Countries(Japan)
Agriculture
● Japan’s primary agricultural produce is rice and
it is one among the very few agricultural goods.
● However the rice is of very high quality.
Japan’s agricultural methods are also very
advanced compared to Pakistan.
● Unfortunately, for Japan there is lack of food so
it needs to import food to feed its population.
● Japan is also a very developed country so it has
no problems in doing so since there is ample
capital available.
Mining
● Japan’s mining industry today is almost
non-existent and that is due to several reasons.
● There are very little mining resources so there is
no employment in this sector.
● Japan has moved on to renewables and was
the first to produce electrical transport.
Textile
● Japan’s textile industry is also very advanced
compared to Pakistan and is also very famous
and expensive.
● It poses competition to Pakistan. Most textile
work is done by robots and machinery.
● It has been a part of Japanese culture since
ancient times and for that reason it is focused
on. It is next to its IT and automotive industry.

12. Comparison With Other Countries(China)
Mining
● China has developed a very strong
mining industry over time which has a
complete range of departments like
geology, research, construction, and etc.
● China has been efficiently extracting
mineral resources but now all the
minerals in the country are approaching
depletion.
Agriculture
● One of China’s most vital industries is agriculture. China has
the highest output in the world and feeds 20 percent of the
world’s population with it.
● Its produce includes rice, tea, wheat, and etc. This industry has
around 300 million labourers.
● Since China had very little arable land it had developed
agricultural techniques over time, like irrigation and use of
animals for farming.
Textile
● Textile in China is also very big like its other sectors. In 2013
it exported $274 billion in textiles, seven times that of India,
the second largest exporter.
● Its main supplier of this industry's primary resource is
Pakistan. But due to reforms, the wage rate of labourers has
increased which has resulted in an increase of the price of
the final product.
● China has lost its competitiveness due to higher prices
compared to Hong Kong and others.