Inglés II 2023-I.pdf

UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA
DE SANTA MARÍA
PRECATÓLICA 2023 - I
INGLÉS II
Fernando Daniel Málaga Herrera
Arequipa – Perú
Ingreso 2022

1 Fernando Daniel Málaga Herrera Admisión 2023-I
INGLÉS II
UNIT 1
THE FUTURE
FIGURE IT OUT
1. The future with be going to is used to express
 intentions  plans  predictions based on evidence
2. “BE” before the “going to” expression is always changed to AM – IS – ARE
 true  false
3. After “be going to” the verb goes in
 past form  base form
4. You can use any subject pronoun + will + verb (base form)
 false  true
5. Will is used to express
 on- the-spot decisions  predictions  promises  threats
 requests  offers

INGLÉS II
Reading1
EMILY: Hi Paul! What are you going to do today?
PAUL: I’m going to see my dentist at three o’clock in the
afternoon. Have you got any plans for today?
EMILY: I’m meeting John and Jane at the café. We’re
going to play Scrabble. Maybe, you might join us after your
appointment at the dentist.
PAUL: Sounds good. I think my appointment will finish at four o’clock. I’ll call you when it finishes;
then I can join you.
EMILY: Great! We’re going to talk about the math project. We’ll need your advice.
PAUL: Alright! I’ll give you very valuable information about it. Look! Andy is coming.
EMILY: Oh no! He’s going to see me! He lent me his Geography book, and I’ve lost it.
Now, he’ll probably ask me about it.
PAUL: OK. I got it.
EMILY: Bye, Paul.
Write T (true) or F (false)
1. Paul will go to the dentist at three o’clock today. ______
2. Paul can meet Emily and others after his appointment. ______
3. Paul is leaving the dentist at four o’clock. _____
4. Paul doesn't know anything about a math project. ______
5. Emily isn’t going to see Andy. ______
6. John, Jane and Emily have planned to play Scrabble in the café. ______
VOCABULARY- Odd word out
Find out the word which is different from the rest.
1. (A) Hut (B) Shed (C) House (D) Apartment (E) Capital
2. (A) Kite (B) Rat (C) Bird (D) Dog (E) Cockroach
3. (A) Apple (B) Berry (C) Grapes (D) Potato (E) Mango
4. (A) Ink (B) Pen (C) Pencil (D) Brush (E) Quill
5. (A) Lift (B) Absorb (C) Elevate (D) Raise (E) Hoist
6. (A) Sorrow (B) Anger (C) Weep (D) Love (E) Fear
7. (A) Jupiter (B) Earth (C) Moon (D) Mars (E) Venus
8. (A) Boat (B) Ship (C) Yacht (D) Steamer (E) Sea
9. (A) Farm (B) Court (C) Arena (D) Field (E) Rink
10.(A) Mother (B) Brother (C) Sister (D) Wife (E) Daughterin-law
1
https://www.photocopiables.com/sites/default/files/Future-simple-going-to-present-cont_reading_freebie.pdf

INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 1 Choose the correct alternative
1. What ____________ this summer vacations?
a. will you do b. are you do c. are you going to do
2. ____________ me a favor please?
a. Will you do b. Can you c. Are you going to do
3. How many candidates____________ for the elections?
a. will there be b. are there be c. will going
4. The thief told me: “Give me all your money or I ____________ you.”
a. am going cut b. cut c. will cut
5. My neighbors ____________ a big party for their birthday this weekend.
a. are going to throw b. will organize c. make
6. I think the world____________ by the end of this year.
a. is ending b. will end c. ends
7. I promise I ____________ my best to get in college.
a. will do b. do c. doing
8. The earthquake was in Mollendo, so there ____________ a tsunami.
a. will be b. is going to be c. are
9. Don’t bother, I ______ clean this mess.
a. am going to b. will c. am going
10. They _______a new car next month.
a. will buy b. going to buy c. are going to buy
Circle the correct future form
1. Are you OK?
No. I don’t feel well. I think I (won’t/ am not going to) go to work today.
2. I made up my mind. I (will / am going to) study History.
3. I don’t understand “The difference between will and be going to”
Oh, that’s easy! I (will / am going to) give you some tips.
4. We have already bought the plane tickets. We (will / are going to) travel to Mexico this summer.
5. He told me “I (will / am going to) love you forever.”
6. What are your plans for the weekend?
I don’t know yet, but I think I (will / am going to) probably hang out with some friends.
7. I guess they (will / are going to) get divorced soon or at least this is my opinion.
8. Oh no! My pen is running out of ink. Give me a second and I (will / am going to) get a new one.
9. The president said that this year (will / is going to) be important for the economy.
10. You are by far the best candidate, so they (will / are going to) contact you as soon as possible.

INGLÉS II
THE ADJECTIVE
FIGURE IT OUT
1. Compare two people, places or things.
 comparative adjectives  superlative adjectives
2. In comparative adjectives, when an adjective has one syllable:
 add R / ER  add MORE
3. In comparative adjectives, when a two-syllable adjective ends in “y”:
 add more  change the “y” to I, and add ER
4. In comparative adjectives, when an adjective has two or more syllables and doesn’t end in “Y”:
 add more  add ER
5. Superlative adjectives compare MORE than two people, places or things.
 true  false
6. Superlative adjectives that have one syllable use EST as a suffix
 true  false
7. Superlative adjectives don’t always use “The”
 true  false
8. When you compare two things use “than” if the two things are mentioned
 true  false

INGLÉS II
Complete the sentence with the superlative form of the adjective in capitals.2
1. Thumbelina, a miniature brown mare won the title of ……………..…. living horse in July 2006,
standing at just 44.5cm high. (TINY)
2. The ………………………. whale recorded was over 33m in length. (LONG)
3. A specimen of king’s holly, a plant found in the rainforest of Tasmania, is one of the
………………………. plants on Earth - over 43,000 years old. (OLD)
4. The cheetah is the ………………………. creature on Earth, capable of running at over 110kph.
(FAST)
5. The ………………………. part of the ocean where a fish has been found was 8,372m down in the
Puerto Rican Trench. (DEEP)
6. The ………………………. fish in the sea is the sailfish, which can travel 100kph. (SPEEDY)
7. No prizes for guessing the world’s ………………………. fish: it is the deadly piranha fish.
(FEROCIOUS)
8. The sea wasp, which lives off the north coast of Australia, is the ………………………. creature in
the sea. If it stings you, you have only between 30 seconds and 4 minutes to live. (POISONOUS)
9. The ………………………. spider in the world is the goliath spider from South America, which can
be 28cm across. (LARGE)
10. The ………………………. whale ever caught weighed more than 171,000kg. (HEAVY)
Complete the sentence with the comparative form of the adjectives in capitals.
1. Brazil is ……………..…. than Peru. (BIG)
2. The Amazon River is ………………………. than The Ucayali River. (LONG)
3. The Chavin Culture was ………………………. than The Mochica Culture. (OLD)
4. Ceviche, a Peruvian dish, is ………………………. than Patacon. (FAMOUS)
5. An SUV (Sports utility vehicle) is ………………………. than a sedan. (SPACIOUS)
6. Bugatti Veyron is much …………………….……. than Rolls-Royce Sweptail. (EXPENSIVE)
7. Lions are ………………………. Tigers. (FEROCIOUS)
8. Fruits such as bananas and mangoes are much ………………………. than strawberries and
tangerines. (SWEET)
9. In summer time, the beach is………………………. than in winter time because of the number of
people who visit that place. (DIRTY)
10. To some extent, Apple gadgets could be ………………than Samsung gadgets. (GOOD)
2
http://english.skola.edu.mt/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/08_Comparative-and-superlative.pdf

INGLÉS II
1. Maria is ______________________ employee in the company.
a. efficient b. the most efficient c. more efficient
2. I play chess ______________________ my husband does.
a. bad b. the worse c. worse than
3. Juan usually gets up ______________________ anyone else in the house.
a. earlier than b. early c. the earliest
4. If the child doesn’t eat ______________________, he will be sick
a. slowest b. slowly than c. slower
5. I play tennis ______________________ than before, now that I’m employed.
a. more often b. often c. less often
6. She did ______________________ test of the class.
a. the best b. better than c. good
7. The person who finishes the practice ______________________ will win the prize.
a. quick b. the quickest c. quicker
8. That boy is ______ dancer than any other child at the party.
a. the best b. a better c. good
9. You will have to study ______________________ if you want to get in university.
a. the hard b. more hard c. harder
10. Don’t go on that direction because this is ______________________ street in this city.
a. the dangerousness b. more dangerous c. the most dangerous
WORD SWAP
In the following sentences two words have been swapped. Identify these two
words and write them.
1. The San Francisco disasters of 1906 were the worst natural earthquakes in US history.
_______________________________
2. Bats and birds fly in quite different ways, with bats generating thrust on only the up and down
stroke while birds use both the down stroke. _______________________________
3. After weeks of wet and often sunny weather the holiday weekend turned warm and windy.
_______________________________
4. He said that the construction of the hospital demand in 2013 as there was no large hospitals in
the city and there was a began from people. _______________________________
5. The air pollution levels in the city saw a sharp decline during the first two of the four previous of
lockdown compared to phases years. _______________________________
6. Some spiders have an irrational fear of people, even very small ones. _____________________
7. Jack Digby married an actress and became a father and actor himself and played the model in
the film ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’. _______________________________

INGLÉS II
UNIT 2
MODALS OF OBLIGATION
MUST / HAVE TO / MUSN’T/ DON’T HAVE TO
MUST
• Express personal obligation, subjective
obligation.
• What the speaker thinks is necessary.
• Strong recommendation.
-You must work harder.
HAVE TO
•Express objective obligation.
•The subject is obliged or forced to act by
an external power (the law, school rules)
-We have to pay for the meal.
MUSTN’T
• It is prohibited, it is not allowed.
-Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance.
DON’T HAVE TO
•There is no obligation.
-You don’t have to hear this part.
FIGURE IT OUT
1. Modal verbs go _____________ a verb in the base form.
 before  after
2. “Have to” is conjugated “has to” in the 3rd person.
 True  False
3. The negative form of Have to is Haven´t to.
 True  False
4. The modal verbs that express the lack of necessity
 needn’t / not have to  can’t / mustn’t
5. A synonym of mustn’t is
 shouldn’t  can’t
Complete the sentences with MUST / HAVE TO / MUSN’T/ DON’T HAVE TO
1. You ____________________ (drink) more water because it is good for your body.
2. To ride a motorcycle you ____________________ (use) a helmet, it is mandatory.
3. You ____________________ (bring) your book to class in order to work in class.
4. You_______________(clean) the windows. The window cleaner is coming today.
5. You ____________________ (take) a taxi, it’s not far anyway.
6. Pablito ______________ (study) hard if he wants to get in university. It is for his own sake.
7. Employer: “You____________(come) to work on time.
8. They ________________(enter) to this room. It is dangerous, there is a lot of radiation.
9. You _____________(listen) to that new song. I’m sure you’re going to like it.
10. Mother to her child: “You __________(play) with fire”.

INGLÉS II
1. You _________take me home because my father is giving me a lift.
a. must b. don’t have to c. musn’t
2. He ___________________ tell me, it is very urgent.
a. has to b. mustn’t c. have to
3. You _________________drive; we have rented a bus for everyone.
4. Mary________ do the laundry today as it's her sister's turn.
a. doesn’t have to b. don’t have to c. musn’t
5. Visitors to the zoo__________ feed the animals.
6. You _________ put salt in her food; the doctor said she can't eat salt.
7. We _________read the instructions, just turn it on, it's simple.
8. The exams are next week. I __________ study harder.
a. must b. have to c. musn’t
9. You______ leave your bags there, it’s not safe.
10. I __________ be late. It's the most important meeting of the year.
a. must b. mustn’t c. have to
SENTENCE SEQUENCE
Put the following sentences into the correct order. Write the sequence.
A. Friction comes from the Latin word meaning ‘rub’. B. Friction always occurs when two articles
are moved so as to rub or chafe against one another. C. This resistance, or force which opposes
motion, is called friction. D. When a heavy wooden box is pushed along the floor, resistance is set
up between the box and the floor. ________________________________
A. The laws were written in the Sumerian language, in wedgeshaped letters called cruciform.
B. Hammurabi, a wise and able ruler, was concerned with bringing order and justice to his
kingdom. C. This was a collection of more than 280 laws, which he had inscribed on a great stone
pillar. D. He set up a strong central government and gathered all the laws of his kingdom into
a great code. ________________________________
A. The state has been made habitable by water, natural gas and hydroelectric power, mostly
brought in from the outside, and by the invention of air conditioning. B. Most of its landscape
consists of rugged mountains, arid desert, mesas and buttes. C.More than 300 ranges of mountains
cross the state north to south. D. Nevada is the driest state in the United States and one of
the hottest. _____________________

INGLÉS II
CONNECTORS FOR CAUSE AND RESULT
Complete the sentences with the most suitable connector
1. ____________________________ to my father’s knowledge of physics, we were able to swim
near the coast.
2. The thief was caught red-handed. ____________________________, he was convicted to six
years in prison immediately.
3. Many teenagers have become dangerous criminals __________the lack of family nurture.
4. ______________ you didn’t help to make the project; we didn’t write your name on the list.
5. ____________________________ the bus was late, I missed the meeting.
6. Sarah came first ____________________________ all her hard work.
7. My son didn’t water the plants. ____________________________, they died.
8. The president will promote private investment, _____________________ that our economy will
improve.
9. My mom is upset and it is all ______________________to your bad behavior.
10. I was scared when I walked home ________________ the street was so dark.
11. People who exercise regularly enjoy better health. __________, you should do more exercise.
12. ________ you have all of the material, we’re going to your house tonight to make the project.

INGLÉS II
EXPRESSIONS
SIMILES AND METAPHORS
Identify each bold expression as a simile or metaphor:
1. Mom says my room is a pig sty. O simile O metaphor
2. The friends were two peas in a pod. O simile O metaphor
3. Arthur sat like a bump on a log. O simile O metaphor
4. From age four, she swam like a fish. O simile O metaphor
5. When I woke up, my throat felt like sandpaper. O simile O metaphor
6. We entered the room as quiet as mice. O simile O metaphor
7. Tonight I have a mountain of homework. O simile O metaphor
8. Pillows of cotton drifted across the sky. O simile O metaphor
Write the meaning and explain the metaphors.
METAPHOR MEANING EXPLAIN
Rachel was a brick wall and
wouldn’t listen to a word her friend
said.
I don’t want to be a broken record,
but make sure you turn off the lights
when you leave for work.
The curtain of night fell upon us.
Angrily Sonia barked commands at
her child.

INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 2
Choose the correct alternative for each simile
1. Those kids are mischievous. They fought like…
a. lions and zebras
b. puppies and kittens
c. cats and dogs
2. Hulk is a superhero whose main feature is to be as…
a. strong as an ox
b. as light as rain
c. nutty as a fruitcake
3. Martha’s twins are so different as …
a. dry as a bone
b. like a log
c. night and day
4. I love you so much that my love for you is as…
a. as a balloon
b. deep as the ocean
c. scare as hen’s teeth
5. Nowadays, models have a strict diet because they have to be …
a. as thin as a rake
b. as slim as a watermelon
c. as beauty as a frog
6. I can’t stand the heat. This room is …
a. as cold as iron
b. as hot as hell
c. as hot as ice
7. You look stunning. Your dress looks perfect because it fits like…
a. a scarf
b. a glove
c. sandwich
8. After she slipped, she was so embarrassed that her face was as…
a. blue as paint
b. green as broccoli
c. red as a beetroot

INGLÉS II
UNIT 3
PASSIVE VOICE
USE
We use the passive voice to tell that the result of an action is more important than the person who
performed it.
We use the verb To Be (same tense in active form) + verb in the past participle form.
ACTIVE
VOICE
Subject/doer of an action + verb + object + complement.
PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive Subject + Verb to be ( in the appropriate form) + Main verb ( past
participle) + the agent “by” (optional) + complement.
PASSIVE VOICE
TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Present
Simple
Construction workers build a
house / houses every day.
A house / houses is / are built every
day (by construction workers)
Present
Continuous
Construction workers are building
a house / houses now.
A house / houses is / are being built
now (by construction workers)
Present
Perfect
Construction workers have built a
house / houses.
A house / houses has / have been built
(by construction workers)
Past Simple Construction workers built a
house / houses last month.
A house / houses was / were built last
month (by construction workers)
Past
Continuous
Construction workers were
building a house / houses
yesterday morning.
A house / houses was / were being
built yesterday morning (by
construction workers)
Past Perfect Construction workers had built a
house / houses before my trip in
2016.
A house / houses had been built before
my trip in 2016 (by construction
workers)
Modal Verbs Construction workers can / could /
should /would / will / must / have
to /may… build a house / houses.
A house / houses can / could / should
/would / will / must / have to /may be
built (by construction workers)

INGLÉS II
HOW TO CHANGE ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE?
3
Complete these sentences with the passive form of the verbs in the box below.
lose damage give make dump cause translate be born write repair
1. Several buildings _____________________ by the earthquake.
2. Honey _____________________ by bees
3. The best-seller book “Lost Symbol” _____________________ by Dan Brown.
4. He _____________________ five days in the jungle.
5. The Holy Bible _____________________ to several languages.
6. Global warming _____________________ by pollution and smoke.
7. A Literature Nobel prize _____________________ to Mario Vargas Llosa in 2010.
8. Many bottles of water _____________________ every day.
9. Rabbits _____________________ blind.
10.Cars _____________________ by mechanics.
3
https://www.tes.com/lessons/UwgPXrOBwSYMPw/passive-voice

INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 1 Choose the correct alternative.
1. A new medicine ___________________ to the patient lately.
a. has given b. has been given c. was given
2. My TV _____________________ these days, this is why I am listening to the radio.
a. is being repaired b. is repaired c. is repairing
3. The new student _____________________ a punishment.
a. give b. was gave c. was given
4. The homework _____________________ printed or by e-mail.
a. can present b. can be delivered c. sent
5. Coffee _____________________ either hot in the winter or cold in the summer.
a. drinks b. is drinking c. is drunk
6. A new book _____________________ by my favorite author this year.
a. published b. be publish c. has been published
7. Elections for the president _____________________ a few days ago.
a. were canceled b. cancelled c. have been canceled
8. Janitors _____________________ a free day on Sundays.
a. gave b. are given c. were giving
9. An e-mail _____________________ to the director by an anonymous writer.
a. sent b. was sent c. sending
10. The telephone _____________________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
a. invent b. invented c. was invented
Turn the following sentences into passive voice.
1. A forest fire destroyed the whole suburb.
___________________________________________________________________
2. Larry donated money to the homeless shelter.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Do people speak English in Canada?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Will they appoint him as the new chairman?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Thousands of tourists visit the Grand Canyon every year.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. The tiger was chasing the deer.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. The police have caught the thief.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. The gardener has planted some trees.
_____________________________________________________________________

INGLÉS II
MODALS OF ADVICE: SHOULD / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER4.
PRACTICE 2 Circle the correct option.
1. Dave loves chocolate, but he _________________ too much or he will get fat.
A. should eat not
B. shouldn't eat
C. had better not eat
2. I'm going to visit your country. Where _______________ if I want to go shopping?
A. I should go
B. ought to I go
C. should I go
3. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ________________?
A. I should do
B. should I do
C. had I better do
4. A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.
B: Really? You ______________ to her after class today.
A. should to talk
B. ought talk
C. ought to talk
4
https://en.islcollective.com/
SHOULD
USE: We use should every time we want to give advice or an opinion.
FORMATION: should / shouldn’t + base form
EXAMPLES: The movie was great; you should watch it.
You shouldn´t drink sodas.
OUGHT TO
USE: We can use ought to instead of should to give advice or an opinion.
FORMATION: ought to / ought not to + base form
EXAMPLES: The movie was great, you ought to watch it.
You ought not to drink sodas.
HAD BETTER
USE: We use had better when it is advisable to do something.
If you don´t, there will be a problem or a danger.
FORMATION: had better / had better not + base form
EXAMPLES: I’d better study for the test or I’ll fail.
I’d better not meet my friends today.

INGLÉS II
5. A: I'm so hot.
B: You _________________ your coat!
A. should take off
B. should put on
C. should to take off
6. The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You _________________ pack too much or you
will have to take it out at the airport!
A. had not better
B. better not
C. had better not
7. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she _______________ to the doctor.
A. ought
B. ought to go
C. ought go
8. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I _________________ an umbrella.
A. had better to bring
B. had better bring
C. had better not bring
VOCABULARY PHRASAL VERBS WITH GET
GET ACROSS: To communicate an idea, to make someone able to understand something.
GET ALONG WITH: To have a good, friendly relationship with someone
GET AT SOMEBODY: To criticize someone frequently, be unpleasant to someone.
GET RID OF: To eliminate or throw something away.
GET DOWN TO: To start working on something, especially something you’ve been avoiding.
GET OVER: To recover from something or return to your usual state of health or happiness.
GET BY: To manage something with difficulty, by having just enough of something you need.
GET AWAY: to leave or escape from a person or place, often when it is difficult to do this.
Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verbs.
1. Even though there are six of them in the house, they all ____________each other.
2. I have a bad feeling. I think we should ___________ from here.
3. This is the message that we want to ________ to the public.
4. I want to ____________ all these boxes. They’ve been lying around for ages!
5. She keeps______________ me for every little thing. I can’t do anything right!
6. Some poor families manage to ____________on just £10 a day.
7. Ok, the lunch is finished; let’s______________ business!
8. It took her a long time to __________their separation.

INGLÉS II
UNIT 4
THE IMPERATIVE
The imperative mood uses the base form of the verb.
• Walk to the corner, turn right, and cross the road.
• Open your mouth and say ‘Aaaah’.
• Don’t lose that key.
FIGURE IT OUT
1. We use the imperative to
 give clear instructions  give direct orders  make an invitation
 indicate signs  give friendly informal advice
2. The imperative goes
 at the beginning of the sentence  at the end of the sentence
3. The negative form of the imperative is
 don’t  not
Think about the best word to complete each sentence with the imperative in affirmative or
negative.
1. ____________ that graph in the meeting! It is totally wrong!
2. ____________ a reservation at the restaurant because I have already done it.
3. ____________ business cards with other people at the event.
4. ____________ a promotion this year.
5. ____________ your resume on Monday! Send it on Tuesday instead
6. ____________ home late! Remember you are still grounded!
7. ____________ for your turn.
8. ____________ the box carefully
9. ____________ run! The floor is wet.
10.____________ trespass! There is radiation.

INGLÉS II
Fill in the gaps using imperative with the correct words from the box.
Some of these imperative forms are negative.
have - phone - go - leave - clean - sit - drink - close - take - give
1. ________your shoes.
2. Today's her birthday. ______ her, please.
3. _________her my phone number. I don’t want her to call me.
4. It's cold outside. _____________the window, please.
5. __________ a piece of this cake.
6. ________on the table. It’s very rude.
7. ___________your dirty boots outside.
8. _________and drive. You could have an accident.
9. _____________them to the airport, please.
10. ____________to the park at night, could be dangerous.
CONNECTORS TO GIVE EXAMPLES

INGLÉS II
Write the correct connector of to give examples
1. ______________________ the surgery went well in spite of a few complications.
2. I am traveling to Brazil with the two most important people in the company,
______________________Mr. Nakamura and Mrs. Smith.
3. I am looking for any kind of entertainment on the internet, ______________________ games,
social networks, magazines.
4. Every day a new animal is in danger of extinction. ______________________, the giraffe has
been added to the list recently.
5. The essay is about the most important memory that you have as a child.
______________________, think about when you were a young kid and the kind of places you
used to go.
6. The new president has the duty to solve two of the most important issues affecting our country
______________________ corruption and delinquency.
7. From all the problems that chauvinism has in our culture. Violence against women is
______________________
8. There are in fact many things you could do in order to improve your performance.
______________________, you can try running a mile every day.
9. Almost every house in my country has a pet at home, ______________________ cats and dogs,
which are the first option.
10. Go to the grocery store and buy things we can storage for at least a month,
______________________ cans of tuna fish, pasta, bottled water.
PRACTICE 1
ANALOGIES
1. ‘Rubber’ is to ‘tree’ as ‘gold’ is to (A) mine (B) ornament (C) metal (D) goldsmith
2. ‘Vegetation’ is to ‘barren’,as ‘hair’ is to (A) oil (B) shampoo (C) bald (D) style
3. ‘Smile’ is to ‘laugh’ as ‘suggestion’ is to (A) advice (B) plan (C) execution (D) order
4. ‘Bow’, is to ‘arrow’ as ‘gun’ is to (A) dart (B) bullet (C) weapon (D) shoot
5. ‘Shoe’ is to ‘leather’ as ‘brick’ is to (A) building (B) clay (C) stone (D) fire
6. ‘Inert’ is to ‘static’ as ‘dynamic’ is to (A) motor (B) active (C) politic (D) mathematics
7. ‘Louvre’ is to ‘museum’ as ‘Bastille’ is to (A) warden (B) crime (C) prison (D) bars
8. ‘Religion’ is to ‘atheist’ as ‘War’ is to (A) object (B) atlantis (C) pacifist (D) conscience
9. ‘Donkey’ is to ‘bray’ as ‘horse’ is to (A) drive (B) hoof (C) saddle (D) neigh
10. ‘Word’ is to ‘sentence’ as ‘sentence’ is to (A) paragraph (B) phrase (C) letter (D) comma

INGLÉS II
Reading
The fastest dinosaurs
Read the text below and choose the best alternative to fill in the gaps.5
According 1) __________ computer models that were used to estimate the running speeds of
dinosaurs, the Tyrannosaurus Rex would have been able to outrun a footballer. The study shows that
the dinosaur could reach a top 2) __________ of 8 meters a second, which is fractionally faster than
the average professional footballer. There has been a lot of controversy 3) __________ whether the
Tyrannosaurus Rex was a predator or a scavenger; some believe that its highly developed sense of
smell indicates that it was a scavenger, 4) __________ others say that its keen eyesight shows that
it was a hunter. The 5) __________ group will appreciate the recent study, as a hunter is more 6)
__________ to require such speed
The University of Manchester study used a powerful supercomputer to calculate the running speeds
of five meat-eating dinosaurs and used data taken 7) __________ from dinosaur fossils, 8)
_____________ than referring to previous work on modern animals. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, 9)
__________, was not the fastest dinosaur. A small dinosaur 10) __________ Compsognathus, which
was about the 11) __________ of a chicken, could run at 18 metres a second, 12) __________ is
faster than the ostrich, the fastest two-legged animal today. It could run 100 meters in a little over six
seconds and would leave modern Olympic 13) __________ more than a third of the track behind.
Choose the correct alternative
1. with as to
2. fast speed swift
3. about as at
4. since while however
5. former later latter
6. likely probably possible
7. direction directed directly
8. instead rather other
9. hence since however
10. called known name
11. shape size same
12. who when which
13. athletes athletic athletics
5
https://www.usingenglish.com/comprehension/46.html

INGLÉS II
PHRASAL VERBS WITH TAKE6
EXERCISES
1. If we don't take this DVD ___________to the store today, we will have to pay a fine.
2. On my street, we _________________ our garbage on Thursday nights.
3. I was _________________ by the company after they saw I had good experience.
4. In your family, who do you most _________________?
5. Jenny _________________ her make-up every night after dinner.
6. Her father took golf ______________ after he retired.
7. Are you _________________ what I am saying?
8. I hope the children don't __________their grandfather. He had a terrible temper.
9. It was a very good lesson and very easy to ______________.
10.The police officer ___________the handcuffs from the prisoner two hours ago.
6
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-advice1.htm

INGLÉS II
UNIT 5
REPORTED SPEECH
7
TENSE CHANGE
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said: “It’s cold.”
Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous:
She said: “I’m teaching English online.”
Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Past simple
She said: “I bought this book yesterday.”
Past perfect
She said she had bought that book.
Present perfect
She said: “I’ve been in the city since 1999.”
Past perfect
She said she had been in the city since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She : “I have been teaching English for
seven years.”
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for
seven years.
Past continuous
She said: “I was reading earlier.”
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been reading earlier.
7
https://www.brickfieldidiomas.com/como-aprender-el-reported-speech/
Remember that many things change when you use reported Speech. Some of them are: Subject pronouns,
Possessive Adjectives, Possessive pronouns, Object pronouns, the tense, place and time expressions.

INGLÉS II
Place and time expressions
Today That day
now Then / at the moment
yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last week The week before
Next year The following year
tomorrow The next day / the following day
here There
this That
These those
Days ago Days before
Tonight That night
Modal verbs
will Would
can could
Must / have to Must or had to
May Might
shall should
ought to ought to
FIGURE IT OUT
1. We use reported speech to
 report information we hear  when the action is more important than
the subject
2. The reporting verbs are in
 present tense  simple past tense
3. When we use “said” we need
 an object pronoun  nothing but a sentence
4. In reported speech, we
 change the sentence to the past  keep the original tense
5. In reported speech we
 use the same subject pronouns / objet pronouns / possessive adjectives
 change subject pronouns / objet pronouns / possessive adjectives
6. In reported speech we change the time expressions
 true  false
NO backshift
Past perfect
Could
Would
Might
should

INGLÉS II
Examples:
"I don't need your help." - The patient said she didn’t need my help.
"I'm visiting Europe in July." - The engineer said he was visiting Europe in July.
"I'll pay the bills this month." - He told me that he would pay the bills that month.
"I had a brilliant idea." - He told me he'd had a brilliant idea.
Direct Speech: Susan told Juan, “I like your car. Mine is ugly”
Reported Speech: Susan told Juan, she liked his car. Hers was ugly”
➢ What has changed? 1. The subject pronoun.
2. the tense of the verb
3. the possessive adjective
4. the possessive pronoun.
Report these affirmative sentences
1. The student told the teacher “The exam was really tricky”
The student told her____________________________________________________.
2. "This bridge will be ready by October” The mayor said
He said______________________________________________________________.
3. "I can't help you. I am sorry" he said.
He told me____________________________________________________________.
4. "I have taken part in three marathons" My grandfather said.
He told me___________________________________________________________.
5. "You look puzzled." she said.
She told the boys______________________________________________________.
6. "I was watching a movie when he called me" she told him.
She told him__________________________________________________________.
7. "I am interested in learning Russian," he said.
He said______________________________________________________________.
8. "It must be a good lesson for him." he told me.
He told me __________________________________________________________.
9. “We won't see you tomorrow."” They said.
They told me __________________________________________________________.
10.“You can write with pen or pencil” The teacher said.
He told me ____________________________________________________________

INGLÉS II
REPORTED QUESTIONS
Reported YES/NO questions
We introduce reported YES/NO questions with ask + if:
FIGURE IT OUT
1. When we report questions
 change the form and the tense  change the tense
2. If we report a Yes/No questions we
 Add “if” and reorder the question  reorder the question
3. To report questions you need to reorder the question like
 an affirmative sentence  question
4. To report a question use the verb
 said  asked
Reported WH questions
We introduce reported question-word questions with ask + question word:

INGLÉS II
Report these questions
1. The interviewer asked “What do you do for a living?”
He asked ___________________________________________________________.
2. My mother asked me “Where have you been?”
She asked ___________________________________________________________.
3. Juan asked “Did you study enough for the exam?”
He asked ___________________________________________________________.
4. My son requested “Could you please turn on the TV?”
He asked ___________________________________________________________.
5. The boys wondered “Will there be enough people at the conference?”
They asked ___________________________________________________________.
6. The officer demanded “May I see your passport please?”
She asked ___________________________________________________________.
7. My mother asked me “Who are you going with?”
She asked ___________________________________________________________.
8. Manuelito asked me “Does he play tennis with his girlfriend?”
He asked ___________________________________________________________.
9. My secretary said “Are you OK?”
She asked ___________________________________________________________.
10. My sister told me “Why did you tell my secret?”
She asked ___________________________________________________________.
REPORTED IMPERATIVE

INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 1
1. Jesus Christ _______ us to love one another.
a. said b. asked c. told
2. He asked if I _________ give him a hand the following day.
a. will b. can c. would
3. Marianito said that he ___________ the previous week.
a. has been trapped b. had been trapped c. was trapped
4. My sister never told me that ___________ had met _______ favorite actor when she had been in
the U.S.
a. I / my b. you / your c. she / her
5. The president said that our economy ____________ sooner or later.
a. is going to take off b. would take off c. will take off
6. He asked me____________ help him move this heavy box.
a. If you could b. If I could c. You could
7. The reporter told her _______________ highway 123.
a. not to take b. to not take c. don’t take
8. He asked _______________________ get some milk.
a. where he could b. could I get c. where can I
9. He said _______________ home early the day before.
a. he is going b. he was going c. was he going
10. He ___________ that they were happy.
a. tells me b. told to her c. told him
READING COMPREHENSION
Text 1
Ragwort was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the late nineteenth century and, like so
many invading foreign species, quickly became a pest. By the 1920s, the weed was rampant.
What made matters worse was that its proliferation
coincided with sweeping changes in agriculture and a
massive shift from sheep farming to dairying. Ragwort
contains a battery of toxic and resilient alkaloids: even
honey made from its flowers contains the poison in dilute
form. Livestock generally avoid grazing where ragwort is
growing, but they will do so once it displaces grass and
clover in their pasture. Though sheep can eat it for months
before showing any signs of illness, if cattle eat it they sicken
quickly, and fatality can even result.

INGLÉS II
1. According to the text. The proliferation of ragwort was particularly ill-timed because it …
A. coincided with and exacerbated a decline in agriculture
B. took place in conditions that enabled the ragwort to spread faster.
C. led to an increase in the amount of toxic compounds contained in the plants
D. prevented people from producing honey that could be eaten safely.
E. had consequences for livestock that were more dramatic than they otherwise would have been.
2.The passage implies which of the following about the problems ragwort poses to dairy
farmers?
A. Milk produced by cows that eat ragwort causes illness in humans who drink it.
B. Ragwort can supplant the plants normally eaten by cattle.
C. Cattle, unlike sheep, are unable to differentiate between ragwort and healthy grazing.
D. The massive shift from sheep farming to dairying.
Text 2
In humans, the pilomotor reflex leads to the response
commonly known as goose bumps, and this response is
widely considered to be vestigial—that is, something
formerly having a greater physiological advantage than at
present. It occurs when the tiny muscle at the base of a
hair follicle contracts, pulling the hair upright. In animals
with feathers, fur, or quills, this creates a layer of
insulating warm air or a reason for predators to think twice
before attacking. But human hair is too puny to serve
these functions. Goose bumps in humans may, however, have acquired a new role. Like flushing—
another thermoregulatory (heat-regulating) mechanism—goose bumps have become linked with
emotional responses, notably fear, rage, or the pleasure of, say, listening to beautiful music. They
may thus serve as a signal to others.
3. In explaining the “new role” that goose bumps in humans may have acquired, the author
assumes which of the following?
A. Emotional responses in humans can be triggered by thermoregulatory mechanisms.
B. The perceptibility of emotional responses to other humans offers some kind of benefit.
C. If human hair were more substantial, goose bumps would not have acquired a new role.
D. Goose bumps in animals with feathers, fur, or quills may also be linked to emotional responses.
E. In humans, goose bumps represent an older physiological response than flushing.

INGLÉS II
UNIT 6
CONDITIONALS
Conditional clauses begin with If and they refer to possible and imaginary situations in the present,
past and even the result in the future.
8
FIGURE IT OUT
1. The “if clause” can be at the beginning and in the middle without changing the meaning.
 True  false
2. The first conditional is for a situation that is
 Likely to happen in the present  likely to happen in the past
3. The second conditional is for a situation that is
 Unlikely to happen in the past  unlikely to happen in the present
4. The third conditional is for a situation that is
 Unlikely and happened in the past  unlikely and happened in the present
8
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/conditional-sentences-if-clauses-introduction/

INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 1
1. If the firm __________ more money, we would open a new subsidiary.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had
2. If you do a great work, you _________promoted soon.
a. will be b. would be c. get d. had been
3. If I __________my job, I would have to get back to my parent’s house.
a. had lost b. will lose c. lost d. loses
4. We would have known what to do if we _____________that consultant.
a. would hire b. hired c. had hired d. hire
5. If we ____________ less sugar, we would lose weight.
a. eat b. had eaten c. would have eaten d. ate
6. If you_______ a bad team leader, we will go under.
a. are b. am c. will be d. sees
7. It _____________more convenient for the company if the exchange rate had decreased.
a. would be b. would have been c. would has been d. was
8. If we ___________ more information to our competitors, we would go on bankrupt.
a. gives b. gave c. would give d. had given
9. If I had taken that opportunity, I _____________ something new.
a. experienced b. would experience c. will experience d. would have experienced
10. If you ________fired, what would you do?
a. were b. had been c. is d. would drink
Complete the Conditional Sentences ( I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. If she (have) _________________ time on Sunday, she will come to see us.
2. If you sneak out quietly, my dad (not notice) _________________________.
3. If I (know) ___________________ about your situation, I would have given you a hand.
4. If I (be) ________________________ you, I would not go to that party.
5. Juan (arrive) ___________________ earlier if he had not overslept.
6. If I didn't have a smart TV, my life (not / be) __________________ complete.
7. If I (be) _____________________ a bird, I would be an eagle.
8. If I (tell) ___________________ you the truth, you would be delighted.
9. She (not go) _____________________ out with him even if he asked her
10.I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) ____________________ it in my bedroom.
You silly!

INGLÉS II
MODALS POSSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY
MUST-CAN’T-MAY-MIGHT-COULD
Complete the sentences with the right modal verb.
1. This jacket is too small. It ____________ be Peter’s. He is big.
2. Are you going to Camaná this summer? I don’t know. I __________________ stay home.
3. After 10 hours traveling by bus, you ____________ be exhausted.
4. Peter ___________have a lot of problems with this trial. He looks miserable.
5. Lisa ______________come today. She told me she was feeling bad in the morning.
6. Susan _______spend a lot of money on clothes. She is always wearing something new.
7. It __________ rain tomorrow so we’d better plan an indoor dinner.
8. Ana got her driver´s license. She _____________ be delighted.
PRACTICE 2 Choose the correct alternative.
1. Paul is behaving in a very unusual way. I think he ______ again.
a. can't drink b. can is drinking c. might be drinking
2. I think there ______ a mistake in your tax return. You should check.
a. can't be b. might be c. mustn’t be
3. If Suzan said that, it ______ true. She never lies.
a. might be b. must be c. can be
4. Careful with that! It _______________ hot, the water is starting to boil.
a. must be b. can´t be c. may be
5. Tom ___________ a new car. He said he did not have money.
a. can´t have b. mustn´t have c. may have
6. He ______ be very proud of you right now. You disappointed him.
a. must not b. can't c. might
7. It's too early to have finished the exam. He ______ have it done right.
a. must not b. can't c. might

INGLÉS II
EXPRESSIONS
PROVERBS
Proverbs or sayings are expressions used to give some form of life advice. Every single language has
them, and it is essential to have all the words in each proverb so as to understand their meaning.
Read the following proverbs and their examples. Write their meanings
PROVERB EXAMPLE MEANING
1. When in Rome, do as the
Romans do
Having travelled so many
countries, his favourite advice
is when in Rome, do as the
Romans.
When you are in a new place or
situation, try to act like the
majority.
2. Where there’s smoke,
there’s fire
Matilda came to school with a
black eye today. She didn’t
want to say anything about it.
I think that where there’s
smoke, there’s fire.”
3. Birds of a feather flock
together
We are going to start hanging
out because we love comics.
Birds of a feather flock
together
4. Learn to walk before you
run.
I have been told that my plan is
too aggressive and that I need
to learn to walk before I run.
5. Don’t put too many irons
in the fire.
You study and also have two
jobs, no wonder you are
exhausted! Do not put too
many irons in the fire.
6. People in glass houses
shouldn’t throw stones.
Henry, don’t speak ill about
her, you know what they say
about stones and glass
houses.
7. No man is an island You can’t just leave your family
and friends like that. No man is
an island
8. The pen is mightier than
the sword.
Let’s use diplomacy to solve
our problems. Remember the
pen is mightier than the
sword.
9. The squeaky wheel gets
the grease.
A: I don’t really understand how
she got so many promotions.
B: Because the squeaky
wheel gets the grease.
10. Two wrongs don’t
make a right
I know she made you angry,
but did you have to steal her
phone? Two wrongs don’t
make a right.

INGLÉS II
READING
Before you read, match the definitions with the words in bold type in sentences (1-6)
Sentences Definitions
1. That sounds like a good idea. _____ a. came to live here
2. We moved in yesterday. _____ b. I’m excited about
3. Keep going past the cinema. _____ c. tell each other news about our lives
4. We should catch up soon. _____ d. tell me
5. Let me know if you like fish. _____ e. is
6. Looking forward to it! _____ f. don’t stop moving
Read the email, are the sentences TRUE or FALSE?
Hi Samia,
Just a quick email to say that sounds like a great idea. Saturday is better for me because I'm
meeting my parents on Sunday. So if that's still good for you, why don't you come here? Then
you can see the new flat and all the work we've done on the kitchen since we moved in. We
can eat at home and then go for a walk in the afternoon. It's going to be so good to catch up
finally. I want to hear all about your new job!
Our address is 52 Charles Road, but it's a bit difficult to find because the house numbers are
really strange here. If you turn left at the post office and keep going past the big white house
on Charles Road, there's a small side street behind it with the houses 50–56 in. Don't ask me
why the side street doesn't have a different name! But call me if you get lost and I'll come and
get you.
Let me know if there's anything you do/don't like to eat.
Really looking forward to seeing you!
See you soon!
Gregor
1. Samia and Gregor are going to meet on Saturday. TRUE FALSE
2. Gregor is going to make lunch. TRUE FALSE
3. They haven’t seen each other for a long time. TRUE FALSE
4. Samia’s life hasn’t changed since they last met. TRUE FALSE
5. The house is easy to find. TRUE FALSE
6. Gregor doesn’t know the name of the side street his flat is on. TRUE FALSE

INGLÉS II
Answer key
Unit 1
P 1
1.c
2.a
3.a
4.c
5.a
6.b
7.a
8.b
9.b
10.c
P 2
1.b
2.c
3.a
4.c
5.c
6.a
7.b
8.b
9.c
10.c
Unit 2
P 1
1.b
2.a
3.b
4.a
5.c
6.c
7.b
8.a
9.c
10.b
P 2
1.c
2.a
3.c
4.b
5.a
6.b
7.b
8.c
Unit 3
P 1
1.b
2.a
3.c
4.b
5.c
6.c
7.a
8.b
9.b
10.c
P 2
1.c
2.a
3.b
4.c
5.a
6.c
7.b
8.b
Unit 4
P 1
1.c
2.a
3.c
4.c
5.c
6.a
7.b
8.c
Unit 5
P 1
1.c
2.c
3.b
4.c
5.b
6.b
7.a
8.a
9.b
10.c
Unit 6
P 1
1.b
2.a
3.c
4.c
5.d
6.a
7.b
8.b
9.d
10.a
P 2
1.c
2.b
3.b
4.a
5.a
6.b
7.b
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Barrall, I. R. E. N. E. and Nikolas. (2008). Intelligent Business (2ª ed.). England: Pearson
http://english.skola.edu.mt/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/08_Comparative-and-superlative.pdf
http://mrraddish-lakecable.weebly.com/simile--metaphor.html
https://www.tes.com/lessons/UwgPXrOBwSYMPw/passive-voice
https://en.islcollective.com/
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-advice1.htm
https://this.deakin.edu.au/society/is-emoji-the-language-of-the-future
https://www.fresherslive.com/online-questions/verbal-ability-test/analogy
https://www.brickfieldidiomas.com/como-aprender-el-reported-speech/
https://www.fresherslive.com/online-questions/verbal-ability-test/synonyms
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/conditional-sentences-if-clauses-introduction/

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