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Risk and Rationality: Decision Making in the Brain

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David Polezzi
David Polezzi
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Risk and Rationality: Decision-Making in the Brain Supervisor : Prof. Giuseppe Sartori Ph.D. student : David Polezzi
Decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classical Economic Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],( von Neumann J, Morgenstern , 1944)
Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) Objective outcome Subjective Value + 5€ - 5€ Risk-prone Objective outcome Subjective Value Risk-averse + 5€ - 5€
Risk-Taking in animal models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Real, 1995; McCoy & Platt, 2005)
Feedback Related Negativity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
P300 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
N500 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Predictability and Risk-Taking
[object Object],[object Object],Task Until subject responds 1000 ms 1500 ms +30 Certain: 10€ (100%) Risky: -10€ (50%); 30€(50%)
Results
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Context and Risk-Taking
[object Object],[object Object],Task
FRN ,[object Object],[object Object]
P300 ,[object Object],P300 amplitudes reflect high motivation: It is higher for target stimuli (i.e. gains), (Dunchan-Johnson & Donchin, 1977). It is higher for larger compared to smaller outcomes, (Yeung and Sanfey, 2004) and for emotionally significant stimuli (Johnston et al., 1986; Keil et al., 2002).
Source Analyses Zero > Positive Losses > Gains ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in Social Context
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in social contexts
[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in social contexts
[object Object],[object Object],Task YOU ARE 3€ OFFERED 800 ms 800 ms 800 ms Until the subject responds Possible Offers: 1€, 3€, 5€
Results ,[object Object],[object Object]
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Discussion
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Offers as Communication
[object Object],Task + This is Boris Boris gets 7€ You get 3€ Accept or Reject? Boris gets 0€ You get 0€ 6 sec 12 sec 6 sec 6 sec Possible Offers: 1€, 3€, 5€, 7€
Results Human Partner- UnFair > Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.89 0.000 34 -30 16 Insula Human Partner- Fair>UnFair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.02 0.000 -16 32 26 Anterior Cingulate Cortex 4.79 0.000 38 36 20 Middle Frontal Gyrus 4.48 0.000 -40 -36 -18 ParaHippocampal Gyrus 4.06 0.000 62 -18 -10 Middle Temporal Gyrus 3.69 0.000 -10 -24 52 Medial Frontal Gyrus
Results Human Partner- HyperFair >Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.23 0.000 -20 14 8 Putamen 3.99 0.000 -52 12 -4 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.89 0.000 -52 -62 28 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.54 0.000 20 38 32 Medial Frontal Gyrus No voxels survived level of significance in Computer Partner- HyperFair >Fair.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Discussion
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],General Conclusions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Publications

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Risk and Rationality: Decision Making in the Brain

  • 1. Risk and Rationality: Decision-Making in the Brain Supervisor : Prof. Giuseppe Sartori Ph.D. student : David Polezzi
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  • 4. Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) Objective outcome Subjective Value + 5€ - 5€ Risk-prone Objective outcome Subjective Value Risk-averse + 5€ - 5€
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  • 28. Results Human Partner- UnFair > Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.89 0.000 34 -30 16 Insula Human Partner- Fair>UnFair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.02 0.000 -16 32 26 Anterior Cingulate Cortex 4.79 0.000 38 36 20 Middle Frontal Gyrus 4.48 0.000 -40 -36 -18 ParaHippocampal Gyrus 4.06 0.000 62 -18 -10 Middle Temporal Gyrus 3.69 0.000 -10 -24 52 Medial Frontal Gyrus
  • 29. Results Human Partner- HyperFair >Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.23 0.000 -20 14 8 Putamen 3.99 0.000 -52 12 -4 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.89 0.000 -52 -62 28 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.54 0.000 20 38 32 Medial Frontal Gyrus No voxels survived level of significance in Computer Partner- HyperFair >Fair.
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