3D High Resolution Imaging, also known as 3D Scanning, is an advanced technology which has propelled the field of existing conditions documentation from 19th Century methods-using pencil, paper and measuring tape, captured over days, weeks or months-into the 21st century now capturing millions of 3 dimensional point data along with RBG values obtained in minutes. It is now possible to capture refined data at an accelerated rate. Allowing for the capture of dimensionally accurate data in a photo realistic format. This digital data can be easily viewed and queried to extract information that is relevant to a project. The resulting virtual model can be revisited anytime without the need to mobilize and revisit the site. 3D Scanners capture literally everything within the line of sight of the instrument. By carefully selecting multiple observation locations and entire subject of interest can be documented and preserved digitally in one cohesive 3 dimensional model. This course will take the participant through a demonstration of the scanning, registration (stitching) and data extraction process in a real world setting. We will also discuss platforms for sharing data with clients and in public forums to make this rich three dimensional data available to all who are interested.

1. 3D Imaging for Digital Preservation and
Design Collaboration
F002
David Landrecht, PLS - HBK Engineering, LLC
Jonathan Sever - Faro Technologies
October 3, 2019

2. Credit(s) earned on completion of this
course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for
both AIA members and non-AIA members
are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for
continuing professional education. As
such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the AIA of
any material of construction or any
method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in
any material or product.
___________________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and
services will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.

3. This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© HBK Engineering, LLC 2019
Copyright Materials

4. 3D Imaging for
Digital
Preservation
and Design
Collaboration
Presented By:
• David Landrecht, PLS – HBK Engineering, LLC
• Jonathan Sever – Faro Technologies

5. Program
Description
3D High Resolution Imaging, also known as 3D Scanning, is an
advanced technology which has propelled the field of existing
conditions documentation from 19th Century methods (pencil,
paper and measuring tape, captured over days, weeks or
months) into the 21st century (millions of 3 dimensional point
data captured along with RBG values obtained in minutes.).
It is now possible to capture refined data at an accelerated
rate. Allowing for the capture of dimensionally accurate data in
a photo realistic format. This digital data can be easily viewed
and queried to extract information that is relevant to a project.
The resulting virtual model can be revisited anytime without
the need to mobilize and revisit the site. 3D Scanners capture
literally everything within the line of sight of the instrument.
By carefully selecting multiple observation locations and entire
subject of interest can be documented and preserved digitally
in one cohesive 3-dimensional model.

6. Learning
Objectives
• 1. Understand the technology, methods of data capture. Equipment,
software choices.
• 2. Observe scanning from multiple locations. Understand target
registration as well as targetless (cloud to cloud) registration.
• 3. Explore the process of importing the registered point cloud into
AutoDesk Civil 3D utilizing Faro Scene and ReCap 360. Brief
overview of some other point cloud processing options.
• 4. Understand the value of Digital Preservation. Explore various web
based platforms for viewing and sharing point 3D imagery:
Faro web share.
Sketch Fab.
TruView Cloud

7. Methods of
Documentation
Through the
Years

8. Ground plan of
the palace of Nur
Adad in Larsa.
Clay tablet
engraving; 1865-
1850 BC

9. Screenshot of taken
from Drawing
Architectural History,
Lecture 1, p. 45, Ian
Campbell, University
of Edinburgh

10. Section of Reims
Cathedral, looking
through the flying
buttresses
Screenshot of taken
from Drawing
Architectural History,
Lecture 1, p. 52, Ian
Campbell, University of
Edinburgh

11. Plan of Saint
Gall, ink on
parchment
Courtesy of
UCLA Digital
Library

12. Michelangelo
Buonarotti’s
drawings for the
fortifications of
Florence Courtesy of
the Casa Buonarotti,
Florence, Italy.

13. Serlio’s Book
III

14. Drawing by
Andrea
Pozzo – 17th
century

15. Sketch of Jain
temple, Polo
forest, India
Courtesy of
Abhay
Panchasara

16. Saint Michael,
Paris
Courtesy of
Abhay
Panchasara

17. Sketch of
Mangueshi
Temple, India
Courtesy of
Mario Miranda

18. Erich Mendelsohn's
sketch of the Einstein
Tower in Potsdam,
1920, ink on tracing
paper. Courtesy of
Kunstbibliotek,
Staatliche Museen zu
Berlin/Dietmar Katz

19. Sketch by Le
Corbusier
Courtesy of
Foundation
Le Corbusier

20. Sketch of
Flagler College,
Florida
Courtesy of
Francis D.K
Ching

21. TOOLS OF THE
TRADE
• TOOLS USED THROUGHOUT THE AGES IN
EXISTING CONDITIONS DOCUMENTATION.

22. Early Tools of
the Trade.
Jacob
Leopold’s
Theatrum

23. A typical
mid-
nineteenth
century
French

24. TOOLS OF
THE TRADE

25. Cartoon by
Roger Penwill
Courtesy of
Cadalyst
Cartoons

26. Digital
Heritage
Preservation
Overview
• Term is commonly used to describe the
preservation of Historically important art
objects, documents as well as Buildings and
Heritage sites.

28. VARIOUS
IMAGING
TECHNIQUES
• Most imaging techniques we will discuss rely on
capturing the way light bounces off objects.
• Digital photography relies on capturing Red,
Green, Blue (RGB) values of the subject on a
sensor within the camera.
• 3D Digital Laser Imaging relies on reflection of
laser light from the subject while
simultaneously capturing the 3D (x,y,z
coordinate) location of each single point as well
as it’s reflected intensity value. Digital photos
are also captured by the 3D scanner and the
x,y,z is combined with the R,G,B values.
• This action is repeated at a rate ranging from
hundreds of thousands of points per second to
over a million points per second.

29. Spotlight on
CHI
Cultural
Heritage
Imaging
• The mission of Cultural Heritage Imaging (CHI)
• CHI is a nonprofit organization, dedicated to
advancing the state of the art of digital capture
and documentation of the world’s cultural,
historic, and artistic treasures.
• http://culturalheritageimaging.org/About_Us/
Mission/

30. CHI
Cultural
Heritage
Imaging
• Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
What is it?
RTI is a computational photographic method that
captures a subject’s surface shape and color and
enables the interactive re-lighting of the subject from
any direction. RTI also permits the mathematical
enhancement of the subject’s surface shape and color
attributes. The enhancement functions of RTI reveal
surface information that is not disclosed under direct
empirical examination of the physical object. Today’s
RTI software and related methodologies were
constructed by a team of international developers.

31. The Sennedjem Lintel from the
Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of
Anthropology at the University of
California, Berkeley.
RTI representation showing color
information (bottom portion) and
“specular enhancement” mode
showing surface shape and
enhanced reflectance (top
portion).

32. How does it
work?
• Mathematically, the direction that is
perpendicular to the surface at any given
location is represented by a vector (direction)
called a normal (Figure 1). Technically it is a
vector that is perpendicular to the tangent
plane at any point on the surface, as real
surfaces are in 3D and this graphic is only 2-
dimensional.

33. “Surface
Normal”-
Vector
Direction
(Figure 1)

34. Calculating
Per Pixel
Surface Normal
• Light bounces off surfaces such that the
incident angle of the light and the reflected
angle of the light are equal angles to the surface
normal. Since the camera is in a fixed position,
and we know where the light is coming from in
each image, and because we sample from a
variety of light positions, RTI software can
calculate the surface normal per pixel in the
image.

35. Per Pixel
Surface
Normal

36. Recording
Color and 3D
Shape in Every
Pixel
• The mathematical description of the normal is
saved per pixel, along with the RGB (red-green-
blue) color information of a regular photograph.
This ability to record efficiently the color and
true 3D shape information is the source of RTI's
documentary power.
• Figure 3 shows the reflection information
captured in the RTI.

37. Resulting
Reflectance
Transformation
Image

38. RTI VIEWING
SOFTWARE
Japanese woodblock prints and RTI
• This short video focuses on the results of a
reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) project,
conducted by Cultural Heritage Imaging (CHI), on a
mid-19th-c. Japanese woodblock print by Konishi
Hirosada. The print, which depicts the Osaka actor
Mimasu Daigoro IV, is in the collection of the Fine
Arts Museums of San Francisco. Through RTI, the
print's embossed and textured surfaces are made
apparent, allowing for a better appreciation of the
artist's method and technique, and a greater
understanding of the complexity of these woodcut
prints.
• https://vimeo.com/16942430

39. Terrestrial
Photogrammetry
Capturing 3D
Information from
Ground Based
Photography
• The first video in CHI's series "Practical,
Scientific Use of Photogrammetry" shows
examples of 3D models and explains different
3D products. Some discussion of scientific
imaging and archiving are also included.
• https://vimeo.com/246538349

40. HIGH
RESOLUTION
3D LASER
IMAGING
• A LASER SCANNER IS A TRIPOD MOUNTED DEVICE
• MOST SCANNERS ROTATE 360° AROUND THE
HORIZONTAL AXIS AND HAS A FIELD OF VIEW OF 270°
AROUND THE VERTICAL AXIS.
• AN EYE SAFE LASER IS BRIFLY FIRED OUT OF THE
SCANNER.
• THE LASER RADIATES OUTWARD UNTIL IT ENCOUNTERS A
SOLID OBJECT.
• THE LASER LIGHT IS REFLECTED OFF THE OBJECT
• THE SENSORS IN THE INSTRUMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY
DETECT AND RECORD THE TIME-OF-FLIGHT OF THE
LASER, THE HORIZONTAL ANGULAR ORIENTATION, THE
VERTICAL ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF THE INSTURMENT.
• NOW PICTURE THIS HAPPENING AT THE RATE OF OVER A
MILLION POINTS PER SECOND.

41. EVOLUTION
OF 3D
SCANNERS

42. One of the
original 3D
Laser
Scanners.
40° Horizontal
and vertical
Fields of view.

43. CONTINUALLY
IMPROVING
TECHNOLOGY AND
GETTING SMALLER
Horizontal 360°
and Vertical 270°
Field of View.

44. FARO FOCUS
350

45. NOT MUCH
BIGGER
THAN A
COFFEE CUP

46. DEFINE LIDAR
• L.I.D.A.R.-LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING
SYSTEM.
• AIRBORNE LIDAR-TWO CATAGORIES:
TOPOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC
• TERRESTRIAL LIDAR-TWO CATAGORIES MOBILE
AND STATIC.

47. COMMON
TYPES OF
LIDAR
• TIME OF FLIGHT-laser pulse is sent out and a
portion of the pulse is reflected from a given
surface and returns to the unit. The distance to
the surface is calculated from the time of the
flight of the pulse.
• PHASE SHIFT-Phase shift scanners emit laser
light at alternating frequencies and measure the
difference between the emitted and reflected
signals to determine the distance to an object.

48. KNOWN ISSUES
• MATERIALS WITH POOR
REFLECTIVITY-The color of an
object will determine return
intensity of the laser.
• MATERIALS COVERED IN
WATER-Deep bodies of
water or even objects that
are wet.
• SHINY MATERIALS
• GHOSTING-The appearance
of separated objects where
only one exists.
• PHYSICAL OBSTACLES.

49. 3D LASER
SCANNING
EXPLAINED
https://vimeo.com/191579911

50. POINT CLOUD
REGISTRATION
• By carefully selecting multiple observation locations
and entire subject of interest can be documented
and preserved digitally in one cohesive 3-
dimensional model.
• Scan Registration is the process of bringing together
data captured from adjoining scan locations.
• Using carefully placed targets the scans can be
stitched together if they share enough overlap
information.
• Targetless Registration (aka Cloud to Cloud)
Registration can be performed if there is enough
common overlap between adjoining scans.

51. ILLUSTRATION
OF CLOUD TO
CLOUD
REGISTRATION
SEPARATE SCANS FROM TWO ADJOINING LOCATIONS ARE COMBINED INTO ONE POINT CLOUD.

52. POINT CLOUD
REGISTRATION
SOFTWARE
• EACH MANUFACTURER OF SCANNERS HAS
THEIR OWN PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE FOR
PROCESSING, CLEANING AND REGISTERING
SCAN DATA.
• MOST INCLUDE AUTOMATIC TARGET
DETECTION AND CLOUD TO CLOUD
REGISTRATION.
• LEICA CYCLONE 3D POINT CLOUD PROCESSING
SOFTWARE.
• FARO SCENE.
• TRIMBLE REALWORKS.

53. Point Cloud
Fly-Thru
• Jon Sever’s samples of point cloud fly throughs.

54. WAYS OF VIEWING AND
USING POINT CLOUD DATA
• Faro web share. (insert link)
• https://preview.websharecloud.com/?v=om&t=p:default,c:ove
rviewmap,h:f,m:t&om=om1&om1=x:0.680,y:25.408,zoom:2&p=p:
ahnengallerie
•
• https://americasbimcim.websharecloud.com/?v=ps&t=p:defau
lt,c:projectselector,h:f,m:t&ps=ps1&ps1=
•
• https://americasbimcim.websharecloud.com/?v=om&t=p:defa
ult,c:overviewmap,h:f,m:t&om=om1&om1=x:4.959,y:-
35.872,zoom:4&p=p:lichtenstein-homogenized-v2
• Sketch Fab. https://sketchfab.com/categories/cultural-
heritage-history
• TruView Cloud
https://notredame.truview-
cloud.com/site/5cb7c28f6fe74b0005ffc470?tab=sitemap

55. CYARK
• CyArk is a non profit organization founded
in 2003 to digitally record, archive and
share the world's most significant cultural
heritage and ensure that these places
continue to inspire wonder and curiosity for
decades to come.
• https://www.cyark.org/

56. OPEN
HERITAGE
CyArk is a founding member of the Open
Heritage Alliance (OHA) along with fellow
members Historic Environment Scotland, and
the University of South Florida. The Alliance
was formed with a mission to "make primary
3D cultural heritage data open and
accessible". We have a shared commitment
to make available our significant repositories
of data from both legacy and on-going
documentation projects. Together we have
launched the Open Heritage portal, a
dedicated clearinghouse for 3D cultural
heritage data with over 70 datasets are
available at launch. Please refer to the Open
Heritage project for all available CyArk
datasets.
WWW.OpenHeritage3D.org

57. INTERESTED IN
GETTING
INVOLVED?
PROVIDE YOUR
CONTACT INFO
BEFORE YOU
LEAVE TODAY
• GATHER A CONSORTIUM OF PROFESSIONAL
AND LAY ENTHUSIATS TO BEGIN IDENTIFYING
SITES OF IMPORTANCE IN THE PHILADELPHIA
AND SURROUNDING REGIONS.
• CLASSIFY THESE SITES IN ORDER OF NEED.
• CREATE A RESTORATION TRIAGE. BEGINNING
WITH THE MOST DIRE CASES FIRST.
• WITH THE GOAL OF DIGITALLY PRESERVING
THESE SITES WITH 3D LASER IMAGING THEREBY
PROVIDING SOLID DOCUMENTATION FOR
COLLABORATION ON RESTORATION PROJECTS.
• CREATE A REPOSITORY OF DATA THAT CAN BE
VIEWED BY THE PUBLIC AND UTILIZED BY
PROFESSIONALS, EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS.

58. AIA
Philadelphia
Historic
Preservation
Committee
• The Historic Preservation Committee represents
those working at the crossroads of architecture
and preservation in Philadelphia. We establish
partnerships with local and regional
organizations with similar missions and advise
the Chapter on issues related to preservation.
We also seek opportunities for dialogue with
other AIA Philadelphia committees and A/E/C
organizations to find common ground on topics
like sustainability. In addition, we host
professional development sessions to instruct
and inform members and other interested
individuals on the advances in the technology,
practice and theory of building preservation.

59. AIA
Philadelphia
Historic
Preservation
Committee
• Upcoming Events
October Committee Meeting: Digital Preservation
Techniques
Friday, October 11, 2019 at 8:30am (Center for
Architecture)
Center for Architecture
1218 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
215.569.3186

60. This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
DAVID LANDRECHT
dlandrecht@hbkengineering.com
215-262-3320
JONATHAN SEVER
Jonathan.Sever@faro.com
609.579.4662