1. DELTEC OUTLOOK:
CHINA
FEBRUARY 2015
UPDATED EXCERPT FROM Q1 2015 DELTEC QUARTERLY GLOBAL STRATEGY OUTLOOK: A WORLD APART
DELTEC INTERNATIONAL GROUP | DELTEC BANK & TRUST LIMITED | DELTEC INVESTMENT ADVISORS | DELTEC FUND SERVICES
DELTEC HOUSE | LYFORD CAY | NASSAU | THE BAHAMAS
2. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
2
Contacts
Atul Lele, CFA
alele@deltecinv.com
+1 (242) 302 4135
David Munoz
dmunoz@deltecinv.com
+1 (242) 302 4116
Vivienne Watts
vwatts@deltecinv.com
+1 (242) 302 4155
David Frazer
dfrazer@deltecinv.com
+1 (242) 302 4156
4. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
4
Snapshot
A significant rally in Chinese equities has diverted attention from otherwise significant problems across the
broader economy, and more specifically, the banking system. Whilst exports are likely to recover, domestic demand,
property and fixed asset investment are likely to remain weak. Whilst policy stimulus has been forthcoming to
support overall growth against cyclical and structure headwinds, it also masks a series of liquidity issues.
Ultimately, this cyclical weakness is likely to be reflected in Equities, whilst deteriorating fixed asset investment
and demographic structural drivers are likely to have longer term implications for asset prices.
Leading indicators of broad economic growth are the most negative since at least 2012, and in selected cases since the
2009 financial crisis.
A stronger US consumption environment commencing late Q1 2015 is likely to result in stronger exports in the coming
period, although exports to the rest of world are likely to remain lackluster. Against this, domestic demand remains
weak.
Fixed asset investment remains supported only through government stimulus driven infrastructure. Property markets
remain weak, and supply continued to rise despite weak demand.
Hot money outflows from the economy are at the highest levels ever, capitalizing on an overvalued currency and more
attractive opportunities outside of China, As such, withdrawals from the conventional banking system are accelerating
which, when coupled with rising non-performing loans, presents significant risks to the banking system, all of which is
evident in deteriorating indicators of financial stability.
Longer term, the goal to transform the economy from investment to consumption driven remains challenging, and
demographic factors are likely to limit potential growth.
Recent stimulus measures have been significant, however their efficacy remains to be seen in an environment of cyclical
deleveraging and structural reforms
Continued over…
5. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
5
Snapshot
Investment Implications:
This view has Tactical Investment Implications for Country Allocation; Equities Sector Allocation and; Currency
Allocation.
Country Allocation: Preference for Developed Markets over Emerging Markets. We recommend short / underweight
positions in China, and continue to avoid those economies that are heavily exposed to Commodity prices, including
Australia, Canada, Brazil and oil producing Emerging Markets.
Equities Sector Allocation: From an Equities Sector Allocation perspective, within China, this environment is positive
for Defensive sectors and particularly negative for Financials, Property and Commodities. Within Commodity
economies, we have a preference for defensive, yield exposed sectors, and those exposures that benefit from a weaker
currency.
Currencies: Preference for USD and GBP over the EUR, JPY, EMFX, AUD and CAD. In isolation, weaker Chinese growth is
likely to compound the weakness already being experienced in commodity markets due to slowing USD liquidity growth.
This environment will place downwards pressure on the currencies of Commodity economies such as AUD, CAD and
BRL, as the decline in national incomes will force these economies to cut interest rates further to stimulate economic
growth.
6. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
6
Economic Growth
Short term rates remain under upwards pressure,
despite significant PBoC stimulus
Yield curve has become more inverted over the past
quarter
Yield curve consistent with weaker growth
Short Term Rates
Yield Curve
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016
Yield Curve
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
3 Month Government Bill Rates
7. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
7
Economic Growth
PMI New Order consistent with a significant decline
in GDP growth in the near term, to sub 6% levels
Baltic Dry Index is consistent with a significant
decline in industrial production growth in the near
term, to sub-7% levels
PMI New Orders vs GDP
Baltic Dry Index vs Industrial Production
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
YoY% Change in Chinese Industrial Production (Left)
Log Baltic Dry Index (Right)
30
40
50
60
70
80
-6%
0%
6%
12%
18%
24%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Annualized QoQ% Change in Real GDP (Left)
PMI New Orders (Right, Led 3 Months)
8. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
8
Economic Growth
Yield curve consistent with a decrease in fixed asset
investment over the coming period
Fixed asset investment growth rates are likely to
remain below the prior decade averages
Yield curve is consistent with a decline in growth
from current levels
Yield Curve vs Steel Production Growth
Yield Curve vs Electricity Output Growth
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
-12%
-6%
0%
6%
12%
18%
24%
30%
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
YoY% Change in Electricity Output (Left) China Yield Curve (Right)
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
YoY% Change in Steel Production (Left) Yield Curve (Right, Led 9 Months)
9. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
9
Exports
China New Export Orders are levels below where US
ISM Imports suggest they should be, dragged down
by slower non-US import demand.
Rising US consumption and imports is likely to be
supportive of Chinese exports
Exports have been a key driver of growth in recent
quarters, however this may be set to decline further.
New Export Orders remain below the decade
average
China PMI New Export Orders vs US ISM Imports Index
Chinese PMI New Export Orders
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
25
35
45
55
65
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Chinese PMI: New Export Orders Average
40
45
50
55
60
65
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Chinese PMI: New Export Orders US ISM Imports Index (Led 1 Month)
10. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
10
Exports
US ISM Imports consistent with increase in export
growth to the US
US ISM Imports Index vs Chinese Exports to World
US ISM Imports Index vs Chinese Exports to the US
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
US ISM Imports consistent with increase in Chinese
Export growth to the World
European and Emerging Market consumption
growth remains a risk to Chinese export growth
Exports remain the one area of potential strength
within the economy
-50%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
40
45
50
55
60
65
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
US ISM Imports Index (Left, Led 3 Months)
Growth in Chinese Exports to US (Right)
40
45
50
55
60
65
-50%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Chinese Exports Growth (Left) US ISM Imports Index (Right, Led 3 Months)
11. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
11
Fixed Asset Investment
Change in New Property prices across 70 Chinese
cities
Since Q1 2014, New Property prices have declined
across nearly all major cities
China Existing Property Prices
China New Property Prices
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
Change in Existing Property prices across 70
Chinese cities
Since Q1 2014, Existing Property prices have
declined across about 60 cities
A slight recover in selected cities is being
experienced
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Dec-11 Jul-12 Feb-13 Sep-13 Apr-14 Nov-14
New Monthly Increase New Monthly Unchanged New Monthly Decrease
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Dec-11 Jul-12 Feb-13 Sep-13 Apr-14 Nov-14
Existing Monthly Increase Existing Monthly Unchanged Existing Monthly Decrease
12. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
12
Fixed Asset Investment
Steel consumption growth momentum has
stabilized, although remains at levels consistent
with flat steel production growth momentum
Property accounts for >40% of steel consumption
Absent any large increases in infrastructure (25% of
consumption), the outlook for steel consumption
will be driven by property markets
Residential property is the cyclical factor for steel
production
Steel Production vs Steel Consumption Growth
Momentum
Sources of Chinese Steel Consumption
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
Residential
Property, 24%
Other Property,
18%
Infrastructure,
25%
Machinery, 15%
Autos, 6%
White Goods,
2%
Other, 10%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Steel Production Growth Momentum (Left)
Steel Consumption Growth Momentum (Right)
13. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
13
Fixed Asset Investment
Supply growth is still exceeding demand growth
Property demand growth has declined significantly,
yet property supply growth remain elevated
Property demand indicates that property supply is
likely to decline from current growth rates
Property Demand-Supply Ratio Growth
Property Demand Growth vs Property Supply Growth
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-50%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
YoY% Change in Floor Space Demand; SA; 3M Rolling Average
YoY% Change in Floor Space Supply; SA; 3M Rolling Average
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
YoY% Change in Floor Space Demand-Supply Ratio; 3M Rolling Average
14. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
14
Fixed Asset Investment
Property supply consistent with declining steel
consumption growth
Property demand consistent with lower steel
consumption growth
Property Supply vs Steel Consumption
Property Demand vs Steel Consumption
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-50%
0%
50%
100%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
YoY% Change in Steel Consumption (Left)
YoY% Change in Floor Space Demand (Right)
-25%
0%
25%
50%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
YoY% Change in Steel Consumption (Left)
YoY% Change in Floor Space Supply (Right)
15. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
15
Fixed Asset Investment
Steel consumption growth consistent with lower
steel production growth
Property demand-supply ratio consistent with flat
steel consumption growth
Steel Consumption vs Steel Production
Property Demand-Supply vs Steel Consumption
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-50%
0%
50%
100%
-25%
0%
25%
50%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
YoY% Change in Steel Consumption (Left)
YoY% Change in Property Demand-Supply Ratio
-30%
-15%
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
75%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
YoY% Change in Steel Production (Left)
YoY% Change in Steel Consumption (Right)
16. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
16
Financial Stability
FX Reserves growth is declining significantly
Trade has recovered
FDI has remained flat
Hot Money is flowing out of China at record levels
New Loans data consistent with lower Chinese
copper imports
Commodities have been used extensively for
financing
Price volatility in commodity markets is likely to be
both a sign of, and exacerbate, financial instability in
China
Deleveraging is likely to beget further deleveraging
Contribution to FX Reserves Growth
New Loans vs Copper Imports
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
150
250
350
450
550
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
China Monthly New Loans (Left) China Monthly Copper Imports (Right)
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Trade FDI Hot Money Change in FX Reserves
17. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
17
Financial Stability
Hot money flowed out in Q2 and Q3 at record levels
Hot money is likely to have flowed out in Q4 as
global excess liquidity growth contracted further
Hot money flows are pro cyclical
Hot money flows are linked to US Quantitative
Easing, and other central bank liquidity programs
The combination of the US raising interest rates,
global excess liquidity growth slowing and
structurally slower growth in China is likely to lead
to even greater hot money flows out of China
An overvalued RMB is further exacerbating hot
money outflows
Recent Hot Money Flows
Hot Money Flows through time
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09 Jan-11 Jan-13 Jan-15
Hot Money
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Apr-12 Oct-12 Apr-13 Oct-13 Apr-14 Oct-14 Apr-15
Hot Money
18. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
18
Financial Stability
Inflation is falling, and may spur the PBoC to more
broad based simulative actions in the first quarter.
Money market rates have risen above normal levels
The PBoC has shifted from targeted stimulus to
manage funding stresses, to broad based stimulus
PMI Input Prices vs PPI Inflation
Short Term Money Market Rates
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
3 Month SHIBOR - China Sovereign Bill Spread Average +/- 1 S.D.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-12%
-8%
-4%
0%
4%
8%
12%
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
YoY% Change in PPI (Left) PMI Input Prices (Right, Led 3 Months)
19. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
19
Financial Stability
Net deposit growth has turned negative across small
banks, consistent with large withdrawals
Net deposit growth has slowed significantly across
large banks, consistent with large withdrawals
Small Banks Deposit Levels
Large Banks Deposit Levels
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Chinese Large State Owned Banks: Total Deposits (Billions)
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Chinese (Small & Medium) State Owned Banks Personal Deposits (Billions)
20. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
20
Financial Stability
Entrusted loans are inter-company loans facilitated
by commercial banks without loans appearing on
the bank’s balance sheet.
This form of non-bank loan activity also surged at
the end of 2014.
The Shadow Banking sector saw a resurgence at the
end of December as funds exited the traditional
banking system
Trust firms are the largest sector of China’s non-
bank lending system.
Entrusted Loans
Trust Loans
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Trust Loans
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
China Entrusted Loans
21. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
21
Financial Stability
Shadow bank lending raised the total level of
financing in the economy towards the end of 2014.
The Shadow Banking sector was targeted by
officials during 2014, and lending flattened until the
December when it rose sharply.
Aggregate Financing
Shadow Banking Lending Index
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China Shadow Bank Lending Index
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
China Aggregate Financing
22. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
22
Equities
Chinese Equities have experienced the largest single
quarter appreciation since the financial crisis in Q4
2014
Chinese equities have risen significantly despite a
deterioration in economic conditions
Equities price appreciation is likely due to money
flows into the asset class out of the banking system
Quarterly Equities Performance
Chinese Equities
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Dec-09
Jun-10
Dec-10
Jun-11
Dec-11
Jun-12
Dec-12
Jun-13
Dec-13
Jun-14
Dec-14
% Quarterly Change in Shanghai Composite Index
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15
Shanghai Composite Index - Past 5 Years
23. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
23
Equities
Chinese banks have largely underperformed the
rising market over the past 3 months
Chinese banks have underperformed the rising
market over the past year
3 Month Rolling Market Performance vs Sectors
Yearly Rolling Market Performance vs Sectors
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
ShanghaiComposite
Commerce
Conglomerate
Industrials
Utilities
Property
BankofChina
ChinaConstruction
Bank
AgriculturalBankof
China
Industrialand
CommericalBank…
0%
20%
40%
60%
ShanghaiComposite
Commerce
Conglomerate
Industrials
Utilities
Property
BankofChina
ChinaConstruction
Bank
AgriculturalBankof
China
Industrialand
CommericalBank…
24. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
24
Long Term
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0% US
Europe
HongKong
Japan
SouthKorea
India
Russia
Singapore
Australlia
Malaysia
China Exports (%)
China’s growth remains heavily reliant on developed
economy growth, and consumption
Stabilization or growth in Europe, and continued
stable US consumption is key to China’s near term
growth outlook
Gross Fixed Capital Formation vs FAI vs Savings
China Exports by Country
Sources: Bloomberg, Deltec International Group
20%
40%
60%
80%
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
FAI (%GDP) GFCF (% GDP) Saving (% GDP)
The rebalancing from investment to consumption is
not occurring
Any rebalancing will be difficult to achieve,
smoothly
25. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
25
Long Term
Demographic factors for China are unfavorable, in
large part due to the aftershock of the one child
policy
Working Age Population Growth
Working Age Populations
Sources: United Nations, Deltec International Group
Working age population is likely to decline annually
through to 2050
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Australia US Europe Japan
China Other Asia Oil Bloc Commodities Bloc
-1.2%
-0.6%
0.0%
0.6%
1.2%
OilBloc
OtherAsia
Australia
US
CommoditiesBloc
China
Europe
Japan
26. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
26
Recent Stimulus Measures
Monetary Stimulus
22 April 2014:
Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR) for Rural Commercial Banks Decreased 2 Percentage Points and Rural Credit
Cooperative Unions Decreased 0.5 Percentage Points
22 May 2014: RMB300 billion (US$48.1 billion)
Relending Quota, Earmarked for Low-Income Housing
16 June 2014: RMB100 billion (US$16 billion)
Relending Quota, Earmarked for Agriculture and Small Businesses
16 June 2014:
Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR) for Rural Commercial Banks Decreased 50 bps
30 June 2014: RMB1 trillion (US$162 billion)
Completed 3-Year Loan to China Development Bank (including prior relending quotas)
30 June 2014:
Change in Bank Loan-to-Deposit Calculation to Include Negotiable Certificates of Deposit Sold to Companies or
Individuals, and to Exclude Loans Advanced to Small Enterprises and the Rural Sector that are Backed by Bonds.
8 August 2014: RMB12 billion (US$2 billion)
Increase in the Maximum Size of its Rediscount Operations for Small Businesses & Agriculture Sector
Q2 2014 – Q1 2015 Stimulus Measures
Sources: Bloomberg, Newswires, PBoC, Deltec International Group
27. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
27
Recent Stimulus Measures
Monetary Stimulus (continued)
27 August 2014: RMB20 billion (US$3.26 billion)
Relending Quota for Rural Financial Institutions
16 September 2014: RMB500 billion (US$81 billion)
3- Month Bank Injection through its Standing Loan Facility*
18 September 2014:
14 Day Repurchase Agreement Cut 0.20 Percentage Points to 3.5%
13 October 2014:
14 Day Repurchase Agreement Cut 0.10 Percentage Points to 3.4%
31 October 2014: RMB269.5 billion (US $44 billion)
Bank Liquidity Injection through MLF**
21 November 2014:
One-year Lending Rate Cut 0.40 Percentage Points to 5.6%
One-year Deposit Rate Cut 0.25 Percentage Points to 2.75%
10 December 2014: RMB 400 billion (US $65 billion)
Central bank injection into the country’s banking system to invigorate credit market.
Q2 2014 – Q1 2015 Stimulus Measures
Sources: Bloomberg, Newswires, PBoC, Deltec International Group
28. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
28
Recent Stimulus Measures
Monetary Stimulus (continued)
16 January 2015: RMB50 billion (US $8.1 billion)
Relending Quota, Earmarked for Farmers and Small Businesses
21 January 2015: RMB50 billion (US $8.1 billion)
Bank Liquidity Injection to mid and small-sized banks through MLF
21 January 2015: RMB269.5 billion (US $44 billion)
MLF loans issued in October rolled over as they expired
4 February 2015: RMB500 billion (US $81 billion)
Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR) Decreased 0.5 Percentage Points for all commercial banks
For commercial banks with significant SME portfolios, an additional .05 Percentage Points will be given
The Agricultural Development Bank of China will receive an additional 4% RRR cut.
*The Standing Lending Facility (SLF) of the PBOC is a liquidity injection tool, wherein small and medium sized financial institutions may request loans from the bank to be repaid within
1-3 months, with interest rates decided on a case by case basis. Introduced this year, the facility was created to smoothen out liquidity fluctuations in credit markets; it is heavily used
ahead of national holidays.
**The Mid-term Lending Facility (MLF) is an alternative liquidity injection tool that is also known as Pledged Supplementary Lending (PSL). Borrowers must present collateral to access
the loan. This monetary tool is meant to guide medium-term interest rates, with a repayment period of 3 months to 1 year.
Q2 2014 – Q1 2015 Stimulus Measures
Sources: Bloomberg, Newswires, PBoC, Deltec International Group
29. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
29
Recent Stimulus Measures
Fiscal Measures
6 November 2014: RMB 693 billion (US $113 billion)
National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) approved several infrastructure projects including 7 new
railway construction projects and three airports
5 January 2015: RMB 7 trillion (US $1.1 trillion)
Central government will accelerate the approval of 300 investment projects focused on oil/gas pipelines, health, clean
energy, transportation and mining in 2015, though only a portion will be spent in 2015.
4 February 2015: RMB 15 trillion (US $2.4 trillion)
Fourteen Chinese provinces announce plans to invest in major infrastructure projects, though only a portion will be
spent in 2015.
Q2 2014 – Q1 2015 Stimulus Measures
Sources: Bloomberg, Newswires, PBoC, Deltec International Group
31. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
31
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experience sudden and large falls in their value causing losses when that investment is realised. Those losses may equal your original investment. Indeed, in the case of some
investments the potential losses may exceed the amount of initial investment and, in such circumstances, you may be required to pay more money to support those losses. Income yields
from investments may fluctuate and, in consequence, initial capital paid to make the investment may be used as part of that income yield. Some investments may not be readily
realisable and it may be difficult to sell or realise those investments, similarly it may prove difficult for you to obtain reliable information about the value, or risks, to which such an
investment is exposed. This report may provide the addresses of, or contain hyperlinks to, websites. Except to the extent to which the report refers to website material of DIG, DIG has
not reviewed any such site and takes no responsibility for the content contained therein. Such address or hyperlink is provided solely for your convenience and information and the
content of any such website does not in any way form part of this document. Accessing such website or following such link through this report or DIG’s website shall be at your own risk.
32. Deltec Outlook: China – February 2015
32
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