The document discusses strokes, which occur when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. About 600,000 Americans suffer strokes each year, with 160,000 dying as a result. Strokes can cause paralysis, confusion, personality changes and other symptoms depending on the affected brain region. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic (caused by blockage) and hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding). Diagnostic tests like CT scans and MRI are used to determine the type and location of damage. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, diabetes and age. Prevention emphasizes controlling risks like blood pressure and cholesterol. Outcomes vary depending on the severity and location of the brain injury.

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Presented By:
Katherine Adams
MD DANISH RIZVI
DEPT. COMMUNITY
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Strok
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• A stroke is a medical emergency in
which the blood supply to any portion
of the brain is interrupted or reduced.
• Alternative names: Cerebrovascular
accident/ disease (CVA), Cerebral
infarction, Cerebral hemorrhage.
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Epidemiolo
gy
Stroke is the third leading cause of death
in the United States.
Every year 600,000 people will suffer a
new or recurrent stroke, and of those,
160,000 will die.
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The symptoms of a stroke are dependant
on what portion of the brain is damage.
http://www.pdrhealth.com/patient_education/images/BHG01NE13F01.GIF
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• Paralysis or weakness in the face,
arms and/or legs.
• Confusion.
• Personality changes.
• Sudden change in eyesight.
• Decreased motor skills.
• Severe headaches
A sudden development of one or more of the
following symptoms usually indicates a stroke.
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Types of
stroke:
http://www.memorialhermann.org/library/healthguide/en-us/images/media/medical/hw/h5551195.jpg
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Test
s
• Computed Tomography (CT)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Cerebral Angiography: identify responsible
blood vessel
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): underlying heart
conditions
• Echocardiogram: blood clot from heart
• Carotid Duplex: carotid artery stenosis
• Heart monitors, blood work and many more
tests!!
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Ischemic
Stroke:
• A blood vessel
becomes blocked
and the blood
supply to that part
of your brain is
blocked.
• Types of Ischemic
strokes:
– Thrombotic Stroke
– Embolic Stroke
http://www.strokeassociation.org/p
resenter.jhtml?identifier=1014
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Treatment
s
• Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can be
given within three hours from the onset of
symptoms.
In addition to being used to treat strokes, the
following can also be used as preventative
measures.
–
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Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets
Carotid Endarterectomy
Angioplasty/Stents
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Ischemic
Stroke
http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/stroke/images/tumor.png
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CT
MRI
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http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm
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Hemorrhagic
Stroke:
• A small blood
vessel in the brain
becomes weak and
ruptures.
• Types of
hemorrhagic stroke:
– Intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH)
– Subarachnoid
hemorrhage
http://www.neuropathologyweb.
org/chapter2/images2/2-23l.jpg
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Treatmen
t
• Surgery is often required to remove
pooled blood from the brain and to
repair damaged blood vessels.
Prevention:
• An obstruction is introduced to prevent
rupture and bleeding of aneurysms and
arteriovenous malformations (AVM).
– Surgical Intervention
– Endovascular Procedures
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Hemorrhagic
Stroke
http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm
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Transient Ischemic Attack
(TIA)
• Blood supply to the brain is only briefly
interrupted
• Symptoms do not last long
• Warning Stroke- steps should be taken
to prevent future stroke.
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RISK
S
• High Blood Pressure
• High Cholesterol
• Smoking
• Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Excessive alcohol
consumption
• Family History
• Age
• Sex
• Race
• Obesity
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Preventio
n
• Control high Blood Pressure
• Lower cholesterol
• Quit smoking
• Control diabetes
• Maintain healthy weight
• Exercise
• Manage stress
• Eat a healthy diet
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Prognosi
s
• The results of a stroke vary depending
on the size and location, the presence
of any associated medical problems,
and the likelihood of recurring strokes.
• Dysfunctions correspond to the area in
the brain that had been damaged.
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Reference
s
Acute and Preventative Treatments. (2007). American Stroke
Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2532
Diagnosis. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March
4,2007 from
http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2552
Diagnosis (2007) Society Of Interventional Radiology. Retrieved March
4, 2007 from http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/strokediagnosis.shtml
Impact of Stroke. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved
March 4,2007 from
http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1033
Neurological Diagnostic Tests and Procedures. (2006) National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March
4,2007 from
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/misc/diagnostic_tests.html
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Reference
s
Stroke (2006) Mayo Clinic. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www://mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/DS00150
Stroke. (2005) Medline Plus. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www.nim.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00726.htm
Stroke Prevention & Treatments (2007) Society Of Interventional
Radiology. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from
http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/stroketreatments.shtml
Stroke (2007) Wikipedia. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack Information Page (2006) National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tia/tia.html
What are the Types Of Stroke? (2007). American Stroke Association.
Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1014
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