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NSPs in Feed & Xylanase
- 1. NSPs in Feed & Xylanase Aminul Islam DVM, MS
- 2. Poultry Industry; Today’s concern lies on feed cost Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase 70% or more of the overall productio cost …the main target area of production matrix to Achieve More with Less
- 3. Today’s Poultry Feed Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Ash 5% Carbohydrate 70% Protein 20% Fat 5% Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose) Disaccharides (Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose) Oligosaccharide (Raffinose, Stachyose, Fructo-oligosaccharide, Verbascose) Polysaccharides (Starch, NSPs) Carbohydrate Portion
- 4. Typical digestibility of Poultry Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase High percentage of fibrous materials, the undigested portion can be much higher. 10% of a typical corn-SBM poultry diet is undefeatable Corn-SBM Diet, for example Digested by Birds itself Producers gain ZERO VALUE from this undigestible portion of the feed to the bird. Birds are UNABLE TO UTILIZE those nutrients Creates an EFFICIENCY issue for the producers Negatively impacts the PERFORMANCE of birds
- 5. Take a Key Massages Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Undigestible Energy entrapped in the NSPs 450 Calories 15% Digestibility of a 3,000 kcal/kg diet More than 70% of production cost is in feed Producer gain no value from undigestible portion Producers are throwing away up to 10% of their money.
- 6. Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Undigestible Parts Phytate Protein Xylan Glucan Mannan Galactants Non-Starch Poly Saccharides (NSPs) Have the majority of entrapped nutrients Causes Anti-Nutritional effects by increasing viscosity Undigestible parts in poultry feed
- 7. Non-Starch Polysaccharides-NSPs Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase © Harshit Saxena, PoultryPunch The indigestible part is mainly made up of Non-starch Polysaccharides NSPs) All plant material contain fibers that are not fully digested by poultry. NSPs form the part of cell wall Play a role as an energy storages
- 8. Non-Starch Polysaccharides-NSPs Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Cellulose: Most abundant polymers but have no nutritional value. Non cellulosic polymers: Commonly called hemicelluloses, consist of xylan substituted with monosaccharides such as l-ara-binose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. Pectic polymers: Polygalacturonic acid substituted with Arabinan Galactan & Arabinogalactan.
- 9. NSPs in Poultry Diet Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 Enzyme Arabinoxylans (Xylan) The Xylan comprises more than 35% of the NSPs that entrapped nutrients. The largest portion of nutrients within this group of NSPs is found within Xylans Cellulose Not practical in nutrition Other NSPs Individual percentage is very low Beta-glucan --- Unlock these Nutrients
- 10. NSPs in typical poultry diet Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase
- 11. Take a Key Massages Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase NSPs entrapped nutrients Arabinoxylans are the main NSPs entrapped maximum Act as antinutritional factors Cellulose have not practical value in poultry nutrition
- 12. Types of Xylans in poultry feedstuffs Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 Enzyme SBM Barley Rye Wheat Corn Rice Bran Soluble Insoluble It is essential to use Enzyme that is effective for both Soluble & Insoluble Xylans
- 13. Xylan & it’s effects on Health Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Soluble Insoluble ₋ Highly branched ₋ Increase digesta viscosity ₋ Less branched ₋ Limit access to nutrients © Choct, M. Feed Non-Starch Polysaccharides: Chemical Structures and Nutritional Significance. 1997. Feed Milling International.
- 14. Xylan & it’s effects on Health Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase © Harshit Saxena, PoultryPunch Soluble Xylans Comprises viscosity Slower passage Modify gut physiology Reduce absorption.
- 15. Xylan & it’s effects on Health Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase © Harshit Saxena, PoultryPunch Insoluble Xylans Major portion of diet. Encapsulated nutrients-Cage Effects Cause inflammation to mucosa.
- 16. Take a Key Massages Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Insoluble Xylan entrapped nutrients Soluble Xylan causes Viscosity Poultry diet contain a large variety of feedstuffs with soluble & Insoluble xylans Best enzyme is that work on both soluble & insoluble xylans
- 17. Xylanase as feed enzyme Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Xylanase is a group of enzymes consisting of endo-1,4-β-d-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) β-d-xylosidases (E.C.3.2.1.37) α-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139) Acetylxylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72) α-l-arabinofuranosidases (E.C. 3.2.1.55) p-coumaric esterase (3.1.1.B10) and Ferulic acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.73) Gomez et al. 2008; Juturu and Wu 2014; Walia et al. 2017; Romero-Fernández et al. 2018. endo-1,4-β-d-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) is the true xylanase
- 18. Xylanase splits the polymers Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Xylose Xylobiose Xylo- oligosaccharides (c 3-12) Polysaccharides In poultry nutrition, only breaking have limited meaning
- 19. Type of Xylanase Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase Two families of xylanases are available as feed enzymes: Low MW, high pl value (8-9.5) Closed “bowl/barrel shaped” active site Digests soluble xylans most effectively Higly active on short chain Less pH & temperature stability Typical GH10 xylanase Typical GH11 xylanase High MW, low pl vale (5.7-7) Open “palm and finger” active site Highly active on long chain Effectively degrades both soluble and insoluble xylans Wide pH & temperature stability Ahmed et al. (2019), Colins et al. (2005), Lompard et al. (2014)
- 20. Take a key massage Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase As Arabinoxylan (Xylan) comprises the majority of NSPs, so maximum attention should be pain on this. NSPs harms poultry by increasing digesta viscosity, entrapped nutrients & favor pathogen growth. It is essential to use Enzyme that is effective for both Soluble & Insoluble Xylans. All Xylanase are not same, GH10 only effective for soluble xylans where as GH11 for both.
- 21. Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Saturday, June 18, 2022 NSPase THANK YOU aminul.vet@gmail.com +8801743444560
Editor's Notes
- Chemically these NSPs have been Classified into three groups Cellulose– Sole component of Plant cell wall consisting of beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds Non cellulosic polysaccharides – Encompasses numerous polysaccharides which were traditionally under the term hemicelluloses because these polysaccharides could’nt be extracted together include Arabinoxylans(Pentosans), mixed linked with beta Glucans, Mannanas, Galactans, Xyloglucans and Fructosans Pectic polymers/Polysaccharides– consist mainly of Polygalacturonic acid substituted with Arabinan Galactan and Arabinogalactan. cellulose no enzyme till date is available that could efficiently and cost effectively release glucose from cellulose. Beta Glucan: Only cereal beta glucan is soluble & beta glucan from Bacteria, Fungus are insoluble.
- Chemically these NSPs have been Classified into three groups Cellulose– Sole component of Plant cell wall consisting of beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds Non cellulosic polysaccharides – Encompasses numerous polysaccharides which were traditionally under the term hemicelluloses because these polysaccharides could’nt be extracted together include Arabinoxylans(Pentosans), mixed linked with beta Glucans, Mannanas, Galactans, Xyloglucans and Fructosans Pectic polymers/Polysaccharides– consist mainly of Polygalacturonic acid substituted with Arabinan Galactan and Arabinogalactan. cellulose no enzyme till date is available that could efficiently and cost effectively release glucose from cellulose. Beta Glucan: Only cereal beta glucan is soluble & beta glucan from Bacteria, Fungus are insoluble.
- NSP content of corn, wheat, barley and rye is primarily composed of Arabinoxylans. Soybean has diverse range of NSPs. Rice bran is rich in Arabinoxylans and cellulose. Differential concentration of various NSPs is Arabinoxylans the most – 50% of total followed by cellulose 25% and beta glucans 5%. It is seen that a typical broiler diet containing 60% corn and 30% Soybean meal is dominant at 43% followed by cellulose at 27%. In diet having 60% wheat and 30% soybean meal has Arabinoxylans 47% and cellulose 23%. Use of enzymes in mitigating the ill effects of NSPs and increasing nutrient utilization is much popularized in recent years. Because the concentration of Arabinoxylans is most prevalent NSPs (43-47% in broiler) therefore inclusion of high quality Xylanase works by two mechanisms of action one by breaking down the component of cell wall which release encapsulated nutrients. Reducing digesta viscosity increases passage rate.
- Soluble NSPs : Soluble portion of NSPs in viscous cereals- Rye, Wheat, Barley, Oat, Triticale increases intestinal viscosity and thereby interfere with the digestive processes and exert strong negative effects on nutrient utilization. Being more susceptible to biological hydrolysis, especially in the last component of bird’s GIT such as Caecum with the increased viscosity of feed digesta passage rate being slower reducing feed intake and digestibility. It causes modification of gut physiology that results in enlargement of the GI tract which then reduces the formation of enzyme substrate complex is hindered to decrease surface area compared to volume. And also exposure of digested feed /simple absorbable forms cannot be made hindering absorption. Soluble NSPs also reduce blood and body cholesterol as soluble NSPs hinder the action of bile on digesta thus most bile is excreted out of body. Thus to compensate it more bile salts produced by metabolising the cholesterol. Liver increases its LDL receptors thus further absorbing cholesterol from blood lowering the cholesterol level of animal body. The concept being exploited for production of lean meat in broilers upto an extent. Insoluble Non starch polysaccharides : Constitute major portion of diet. They affect gut functions and modulate nutrient digestion. Present in non viscous cereals in more quantity like corn, sorghum, rice, millet they increase digestibility of starch and digesta passage rate and thus better gut motility. The effect of insoluble fibre on gut functions stems form its ability to accumulate in the gizzard, which seems to regulate digesta passage rate and nutrient digestion in the intestine. Thus it can be drawn out from the above discussion that NSPs can’t be degraded by endogenous enzymes / actions and thus reach to colon almost undigested in spite of being having a good reserve of nutrient particularly the complexed Starch. They possess a sort of Anti nutritional property by either encapsulating nutrients or by depressing overall nutrient digestibility through GIT modification.
- Soluble NSPs : Soluble portion of NSPs in viscous cereals- Rye, Wheat, Barley, Oat, Triticale increases intestinal viscosity and thereby interfere with the digestive processes and exert strong negative effects on nutrient utilization. Being more susceptible to biological hydrolysis, especially in the last component of bird’s GIT such as Caecum with the increased viscosity of feed digesta passage rate being slower reducing feed intake and digestibility. It causes modification of gut physiology that results in enlargement of the GI tract which then reduces the formation of enzyme substrate complex is hindered to decrease surface area compared to volume. And also exposure of digested feed /simple absorbable forms cannot be made hindering absorption. Soluble NSPs also reduce blood and body cholesterol as soluble NSPs hinder the action of bile on digesta thus most bile is excreted out of body. Thus to compensate it more bile salts produced by metabolising the cholesterol. Liver increases its LDL receptors thus further absorbing cholesterol from blood lowering the cholesterol level of animal body. The concept being exploited for production of lean meat in broilers upto an extent. Insoluble Non starch polysaccharides : Constitute major portion of diet. They affect gut functions and modulate nutrient digestion. Present in non viscous cereals in more quantity like corn, sorghum, rice, millet they increase digestibility of starch and digesta passage rate and thus better gut motility. The effect of insoluble fibre on gut functions stems form its ability to accumulate in the gizzard, which seems to regulate digesta passage rate and nutrient digestion in the intestine. Thus it can be drawn out from the above discussion that NSPs can’t be degraded by endogenous enzymes / actions and thus reach to colon almost undigested in spite of being having a good reserve of nutrient particularly the complexed Starch. They possess a sort of Anti nutritional property by either encapsulating nutrients or by depressing overall nutrient digestibility through GIT modification.
- Soluble NSPs : Soluble portion of NSPs in viscous cereals- Rye, Wheat, Barley, Oat, Triticale increases intestinal viscosity and thereby interfere with the digestive processes and exert strong negative effects on nutrient utilization. Being more susceptible to biological hydrolysis, especially in the last component of bird’s GIT such as Caecum with the increased viscosity of feed digesta passage rate being slower reducing feed intake and digestibility. It causes modification of gut physiology that results in enlargement of the GI tract which then reduces the formation of enzyme substrate complex is hindered to decrease surface area compared to volume. And also exposure of digested feed /simple absorbable forms cannot be made hindering absorption. Soluble NSPs also reduce blood and body cholesterol as soluble NSPs hinder the action of bile on digesta thus most bile is excreted out of body. Thus to compensate it more bile salts produced by metabolising the cholesterol. Liver increases its LDL receptors thus further absorbing cholesterol from blood lowering the cholesterol level of animal body. The concept being exploited for production of lean meat in broilers upto an extent. Insoluble Non starch polysaccharides : Constitute major portion of diet. They affect gut functions and modulate nutrient digestion. Present in non viscous cereals in more quantity like corn, sorghum, rice, millet they increase digestibility of starch and digesta passage rate and thus better gut motility. The effect of insoluble fibre on gut functions stems form its ability to accumulate in the gizzard, which seems to regulate digesta passage rate and nutrient digestion in the intestine. Thus it can be drawn out from the above discussion that NSPs can’t be degraded by endogenous enzymes / actions and thus reach to colon almost undigested in spite of being having a good reserve of nutrient particularly the complexed Starch. They possess a sort of Anti nutritional property by either encapsulating nutrients or by depressing overall nutrient digestibility through GIT modification.
- endo-1,4-β-d-xylanases are the main one as it break the Arabonoxylan (Xylan) backbone
- The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH value at which the molecule carries no electrical charge.
- Soluble NSPs : Soluble portion of NSPs in viscous cereals- Rye, Wheat, Barley, Oat, Triticale increases intestinal viscosity and thereby interfere with the digestive processes and exert strong negative effects on nutrient utilization. Being more susceptible to biological hydrolysis, especially in the last component of bird’s GIT such as Caecum with the increased viscosity of feed digesta passage rate being slower reducing feed intake and digestibility. It causes modification of gut physiology that results in enlargement of the GI tract which then reduces the formation of enzyme substrate complex is hindered to decrease surface area compared to volume. And also exposure of digested feed /simple absorbable forms cannot be made hindering absorption. Soluble NSPs also reduce blood and body cholesterol as soluble NSPs hinder the action of bile on digesta thus most bile is excreted out of body. Thus to compensate it more bile salts produced by metabolising the cholesterol. Liver increases its LDL receptors thus further absorbing cholesterol from blood lowering the cholesterol level of animal body. The concept being exploited for production of lean meat in broilers upto an extent. Insoluble Non starch polysaccharides : Constitute major portion of diet. They affect gut functions and modulate nutrient digestion. Present in non viscous cereals in more quantity like corn, sorghum, rice, millet they increase digestibility of starch and digesta passage rate and thus better gut motility. The effect of insoluble fibre on gut functions stems form its ability to accumulate in the gizzard, which seems to regulate digesta passage rate and nutrient digestion in the intestine. Thus it can be drawn out from the above discussion that NSPs can’t be degraded by endogenous enzymes / actions and thus reach to colon almost undigested in spite of being having a good reserve of nutrient particularly the complexed Starch. They possess a sort of Anti nutritional property by either encapsulating nutrients or by depressing overall nutrient digestibility through GIT modification.