L4 3

1. Solar installation: Large ground-mounted solar farms
disrupt the native habitat of many desert organisms
U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Nadine Y. Barclay

2. Wind installation: Large turbines require large amounts of open space. Birds and bats may fly into
turbines. Noise can disrupt animal communications.
James McCauley/Wikipedia. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

3. Fish ladder: Dams block the movement of migratory fish, such as salmon.
Dams impede the downstream movement of sediments to fertilize and restore
river deltas and the upstream movement of nutrients to fertilize dense forests.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

4. Open-pit mining: Open-pit mines disrupt natural habitats and may result in
toxic runoff into downstream habitats.
Ikiwaner/Wikipedia. This image is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation
License 1.2 only.

5. Nuclear waste sites: Spent fuel has a half-life of thousands of years and needs to be
stored securely to avoid releasing radioactivity into the environment.
United States Department of Energy

6. The land use impact of energy sources used to generate electricity in the
United States