Mindfulness for Anxiety Conditions
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A review of research examining the use of mindfulness-based approaches for reducing anxiety.
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Mindfulness for Anxiety Conditions
- 1. Mindfulness for Anxiety Conditions Clinton McCulloch Psychologist & Researcher
- 2. Mindfulness 2,500 years old practice from Buddhist psychology Defined as: “present moment non-judgmental awareness” (Kabat-Zinn, 2013) Empirical support for reducing stress
- 3. State Mindfulness Reappraisal Positive Emotion and Reduced Anxiety Stress Appraisal Negative Emotion & Anxiety Stressor r Therapeutic Process of Mindfulness Practice Mindfulness Practice (Garland et al., 2009)
- 4. Previous Research Brief mindfulness training (3 x 20 minute sessions) led to significant reduction in experimentally induced pain (Zeidan, 2008) Meta-analysis comparing 39 clinical trials found mindfulness-based therapies to be an effective intervention for anxiety and depression in clinical populations (Hoffman et al., 2010) 10 min guided mindfulness training lead to significant increases in state mindfulness and positive emotion (Erisman & Roemer, 2010).
- 5. Previous Research Two months of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program significantly improved social anxiety symptoms, depression, rumination, and self-esteem in individuals with SAD (Goldin & Gross, 2010)
- 6. References Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504 Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10(1), 72. Garland, E., Gaylord, S., & Park, J. (2009). The Role of Mindfulness in Positive Reappraisal. EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, 5(1), 37-44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2008.10.001 Garland, E., Hanley, A., Farb, N., & Froeliger, B. (2013). State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal. Mindfulness, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12671-013-0250-6 Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive Reappraisal Mediates the Stress- Reductive Effects of Mindfulness: An Upward Spiral Process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59-67. doi: 10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8 Hanley, A., Garland, E. L., & Black, D. S. (2014). Use of mindful reappraisal coping among meditation practitioners. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(3), 294-301. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22023 Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169
Editor's Notes
- One theoretical pathway, called the mindful coping model, proposes that mindfulness may encourage adaptive coping through promoting potential for reappraisal. This in turn leads to reduced stress and increased positive emotion. It was at this point, state mindfulness, that that I was trying to intervene, in an attempt to trigger this healthy coping pathway. Crucially however, there a two questions we have to ask about the model: 1) how much mindfulness training is required to achieve these positive changes? a) is 10 minutes enough? Or 10 weeks of intensive training required to trigger this pathway? 2) How can we measure these changes accurately, accounting for priming effects in psychological research. Collectively, these were the broad problems which my research project investigated this year.