Types of Adverse Drug Reactions (severity)

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Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are classified into different types based on their severity. The severity of an ADR refers to the degree of harm or damage caused by the reaction. The following are the different types of ADRs based on severity: Mild ADRs: These are the least severe type of ADRs and are usually self-limiting. Mild ADRs do not require any specific treatment and usually resolve on their own. Examples of mild ADRs include nausea, headache, and mild allergic reactions. Moderate ADRs: These ADRs are more severe than mild ADRs and may require medical intervention or treatment. They may cause discomfort and can affect the patient's daily activities. Examples of moderate ADRs include severe allergic reactions, diarrhea, and dizziness. Severe ADRs: These are the most severe type of ADRs and can be life-threatening. They require immediate medical attention and may result in hospitalization or even death. Examples of severe ADRs include anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Serious ADRs: These are ADRs that result in hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, disability, or death. Serious ADRs are usually severe in nature and require immediate medical attention. Examples of serious ADRs include renal failure, liver failure, and pulmonary embolism. Unexpected ADRs: These are ADRs that are not listed in the product label or are not expected based on the known safety profile of the drug. Unexpected ADRs can be of any severity and require immediate reporting to regulatory authorities.

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Welcome
Types of Adverse Drug Reactions
Name : Ramesh Pothala
Qualification: MSc(O.C)
Student ID : 032/022023
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Index
Adverse drug reactions.
Types of adverse drug reactions.
Classification of adverse drug reactions based on
severity.
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Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR):
Any noxious change which is suspected to be due to a drug,
occurs at doses normally used in man ,requires treatment or
decrease in dose or indicates caution in future use of same
drug.
Therefore ,an adverse drug reaction is an adverse event with
a causal link to a drug.
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Types Of Adverse Drug Reactions
Type A (Augmented)
Type B (Bizarre)
Type C (Chemical)
Type D (Delayed)
Type E (Exit/End of treatment)
Type F (Familial)
Type G (Genotoxicity)
Type H (Hypersensitivity)
Type U (Un classified)
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Type A (Augmented) reactions
Reactions which can be predicted from the known pharmacology of the
drug.
Dose dependent,
Can be alleviated by a dose reduction.
E.g.
Anticoagulants – Bleeding,
Nitrates – Headache.
Type B (Bizarre) reactions
Cannot be predicted from the pharmacology of the drug
Not dose dependent,
Host dependent factors important in predisposition
E.g.
Penicillin – Anaphylaxis.
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Type C (Chemical)reactions
Biological characteristics can be predicted from the chemical structure
of the drug/metabolite.
E.g.
Paracetamol – Hepatotoxicity
Type D (Delayed) reactions
Occurs after many years of treatment.
Can be due to accumulation.
E.g.
Chemotherapy – Secondary tumours
Analgesics – Nephropathy.
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Type E (End of treatment)reactions
Occurs on withdrawal especially when drug is stopped abruptly.
E.g.
Phenytoin withdrawal – Seizures,
Steroid withdrawal – Adrenocortical insufficiency.
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Classification of ADRs depending on severity
Minor ADRs: No therapy ,antidote or prolongation of hospitalization is required.
Moderate ADRs: Requires change in drug therapy , specific treatment or prologs hospital
stay by at least one day.
Severe ADRs: Potentially life threatening ,causes permanent damage or requires intensive
medical treatment.
Lethal: Directly or indirectly contributes to death of the patient.
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References:
1.Rawlins MD, Thompson JW. Pathogenesis of adverse drug reactions. In: Davies DM, ed.
Textbook of adverse drug reactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977:10.
2. Aronson JK. Drug therapy. In: Haslett C, Chilvers ER, Boon NA, College NR, Hunter JAA,
eds. Davidson's principles and practice of medicine 19th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Science,
2002.
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An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is any harmful or unintended response to a medication or drug, which occurs at doses normally used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease or disorder. ADRs can range from mild symptoms such as a rash or nausea to severe reactions such as organ failure or death. Here are the different types of ADRs: Type A ADRs: Type A ADRs are predictable and are related to the pharmacological action of the drug. These reactions are usually dose-dependent, and their incidence increases with the drug dose. Common examples include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, and sedation. Type B ADRs: Type B ADRs are unpredictable and are not related to the pharmacological action of the drug. These reactions are usually idiosyncratic and occur in only a small percentage of patients. Examples include allergic reactions, drug-induced liver injury, and blood disorders. Type C ADRs: Type C ADRs are chronic and occur after prolonged use of the drug. These reactions are usually dose-dependent and may lead to long-term damage or injury. Examples include bone loss, adrenal suppression, and Cushing's syndrome. Type D ADRs: Type D ADRs are delayed reactions and occur after the patient has stopped taking the drug. These reactions are usually related to the long half-life of the drug or its metabolites. Examples include tardive dyskinesia, drug-induced cancer, and teratogenic effects. Type E ADRs: Type E ADRs are end-of-treatment reactions and occur after the patient has completed a course of treatment with the drug. These reactions are usually related to the withdrawal of the drug and may include symptoms such as rebound hypertension, depression, or anxiety. Type F ADRs: Type F ADRs are failure of therapy reactions and occur when the drug fails to produce the desired therapeutic effect. These reactions may be due to drug interactions, poor compliance, or underlying disease progression.

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