2. Caused by global
warming
Sea ice covers majority
of polar regions and
sustains life
Sea ice keeps the
atmosphere cool
2
http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/
3. What?: Observing the changes in mass of an
ice cube.
How?: By simulating the Arctic environment.
Why?:To study natural global warming
effects over time.
3
5. Are known to naturally
break apart sea ice and
expand its volume
Carries heat and causes
pressure into the area
Causes sea ice to drift
off into warmer areas
5
http://belzebub2.com/archives/1264?lang=en
6. Transfer of heat due to motion in liquids/gases
Caused by ocean currents and winds
Is a cyclical process
6
http://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/climate-system/great-ocean-currents/
7. A property of light which transfers power
through waves
The amount of power received is affected by
distance from light source
Formula (Sunlight hitting Earth):
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
4𝜋 × 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠2
7
8. Reflective property of any surface (whiter surfaces = more reflection)
Ice + snow have the highest albedo on the Earth at 90%
Determined by percentage of heat reflected off
8
Sun
Sea Ice 30% Absorbed
9. Determines how much sunlight is received
Light is scattered when farther from equator
Amounts vary due to planet tilt
9
http://www.astronomy.org/programs/seasons/
10. How will the percent change in the mass of an ice
cube differ when exposed to varying levels of water
temperature, wind speed, the light intensity, and the
angle of light?
10
11. If every factor is at its highest value, then the ice cube
will experience the greatest percentage change in
mass.
11
12. Factors (+)Values Standards (-)Values
Wind Speeds (m/s) High Low Off
Light Intensity (I) with
changed Distances (m)
𝟐𝟓 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
𝟒𝛑𝟎. 𝟐𝐦 𝟐
𝟐𝟓 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
𝟒𝛑𝟎. 𝟑𝐦 𝟐
𝟐𝟓 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
𝟒𝛑𝟎. 𝟒𝐦 𝟐
Angle of Light from Ice 70˚ 50˚ 30˚
WaterTemperature (˚C) 2˚C 0˚C -2˚C
12
20. 20
0.1238
0.2284
0
0.2
0.4
-1 1
ChangeinIceMass
Wind Speed
Effect of Wind Speed on
the Percent Change in Ice
Mass
0.1586 0.1936
0
0.2
0.4
-1 1
ChangeinIceMass
Angle of Light
Effect of Angle of Light on
the Percent Change in Ice
Mass
0.1366
0.2157
0
0.2
0.4
-1 1
ChangeinIceMass
Light Intensity
Effect of Light Intensity on
the Percent Change in Ice
Mass
0.1451
0.2071
0
0.2
0.4
-1 1
ChangeinIceMass
Water Temperature
Effect of Water
Temperature on the
Percent Change in Ice Mass
Interaction Effect: 10.5% Interaction Effect: 3.5%
Interaction Effect: 7.9% Interaction Effect: 6.2%
22. The hypothesis was:
The greatest percentage change in mass was
38.26% during the (-,+,+,+) trial.
22
23. Errors:
Design: Structure of Ice Cube, Room Humidity
Human: Moving the Ice Cube,Timing
Improvements:
Get BIGGER!
Get COLDER!
Get PERCISE!
23
24. Purpose: Observe the percent change in ice
mass when exposed to different levels of
multiple factors
Hypothesis: Rejected
Results: (-,+,+,+)
24
25. Design:
Measure pressure
Create currents
Benefits:
Helps explain the cause of “global warming”
Predicts patterns in sea ice gain/loss
25
http://inhabitat.com/giant-bulge-of-fresh-water-in-arctic-threatens-europes-weather-patterns/
26. A Very Special Thanks to:
Mrs. Hilliard/Mr. Estapa for material and room access
Mrs. Mariotto for the inspiration
Our parents for supporting us
And…………………………………..
26
27. The most awesome teachers ever Mrs.
Cybulski and Mr. McMillan for help with
everything from the DOE to understanding of
the scientific concepts to allowing us access
to materials
27
28. Becker, Gary A. “The Reasons for the Seasons.” ASD Planetarium. Web. Copyright 2013. 26 April 2014. <http://www.astronomy.org/programs/seasons/>.
Berger, Wolfgang H. “The Earth’s Climate Machine.” Calspace Courses. Web. Copyright 2002. 29 April 2014.
<http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/climatechange1/07_2.shtml>.
Bowden, Stuart and Christiana Honsberg. “Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface.” PV Education. Web. Copyright 2014. 12 April 2014.
<http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/solar-radiation-on-tilted-surface>.
Leontiou, Andrea. "Puzzle of Antarctic Ice Melt Solved." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 15 Dec. 2010. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.livescience.com/29903-puzzle-of-antarctic-ice-melt-solved.html>.
Kerr, Richard A. "Scary Arctic ice loss? Blame the wind." Science 307.5707 (2005): 203. Academic OneFile. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA127799605&v=2.1&u=lom_accessmich&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=da2f0bec8b14447931ae35
d8ad88dfd2>
Mariotto, Janice. ”Light Intensity.” Astronomy. In-class discussion. Sterling Heights High School. March 2014.
Nave, R. "Heat Transfer." Hyper Physics. Copyright 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html>.
NSIDC. “Artic Sea Ice News.” National Snow & Ice Data Center. Web. May 2014. 14 May 2014. < http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/>.
Parry, Wynne. "10 Things You Need to Know about Arctic Sea Ice."LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 28 May 2014.
<http://www.livescience.com/22651-facts-about-sea-ice.html>.
Stacey, Andrew. “Ice Albedo Effect.” The Azimuth Project. Web. 7 November 2011. 28 April 2014.
<http://www.azimuthproject.org/azimuth/show/Ice+albedo+effect>.
28
29. Becker, Gary A. “The Reasons for the Seasons.” ASD Planetarium.
Copyright 2013.Web. 26 April 2014.
<http://www.astronomy.org/programs/seasons/>.
Liggett, Brit. “Giant Bulge of FreshWater in the Arctic OceanThreatens
Europe'sWeather Patterns.” Inhabitat. 24 January 2012.Web. 1 June
2014. <http://inhabitat.com/giant-bulge-of-fresh-water-in-arctic-
threatens-europes-weather-patterns/>.
"Living with the Oceans – A report on the state of theWorld's Oceans.”
World Ocean Review. N.p., n.d.Web. 29 May 2014.
<http://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/climate-system/great-ocean-
currents/>.
NSIDC. “Artic Sea Ice News.” National Snow & Ice Data Center. May 2014.
Web. 14 May 2014.
<http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/>.
Peissel, Nick. “Winds andAnchoring in the Arctic.” A PassageThrough Ice.
27 February 2011.Web. 30 May 2014.
<http://belzebub2.com/archives/1264?lang=en>.
29
