1.
DNA OF THE GODS
Origins of a Genus
Written by Christopher D. Bertram,
San Francisco, California.
Bay Area Rock Magazine, San Francisco, California.

2.
DNA OF THE GODS
1​st​
Peer Review Edition 2013
2​nd​
Edition 2014
3rd printing 2015
© 2016 Christopher D. Bertram, San Francisco, California
Printed in the United States of America.
The first part contains the Kirkus edit. The second part was
line edited by freelance staff of Bay Area Rock Magazine.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means without written
permission from the author.
The material in the book cannot substitute for professional
advice; further, the author is not liable if the reader relied on the
material and was financially damaged in some way.

3.
“I think nature's imagination is so much greater than man's,
she's never going to let us relax”
― Richard Feynman

4.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Clinical Anthropology 15
Chapter 2 Ancient History 23
Chapter 3 OoPArts 48
Chapter 4 The Novel Forms 5​6
Chapter 5 Neanderthals 75
Chapter 6 Plutonium Man 78
Chapter 7 Using Speech Modeling 82
Chapter 8 The Mind­Body Reduction and the Computer 91
Chapter 9 The Science and Technology of the Matrix 107
Chapter 10 My Life in Second Life 114
Chapter 11 Linguistics 134
Chapter 12 Psychological Time Assessment 142
Chapter 13 Freud 147
Chapter 14 The Psychoanalysis of Dorothy Gale 152
Chapter 15 The Origin of The Gray Alien 158
Chapter 16 Methods 162
Chapter 17 Hypothesis 160
Chapter 18 Panspermia: Proposal 169
Chapter 19 Panspermia: Cellular and Molecular Origins 181
Chapter 20 Panspermia: Hypothesis 297
Chapter 21 Panspermia: Conclusion 299

5.
Forward
In ways there are aspects to this book that are like: Code of
Prometheus. This book steps off where Code of Prometheus began
and goes further, and deeper than before.
Not only have the ideas of Panspermia come to the forefront,
the implications in Anthropology have been expanded.
DNA Of The Gods

6.
Introduction
What is human perception?
The Perception Machines of Silicon Valley.
There is only one Silicon Valley on Earth. There are only a
couple of companies able to do the work forming a niche market.
It is where all of our chips come from. What drives the lead top
programmers and engineers to exploit real estate on the silicon
wafer? Breaking the 300 mm barrier involved raising the bar in
several ways involving the best minds in the history of mankind.
The first project Christopher Bertram worked on in college
was a self­aware robot to prove axioms in neural science, and
computer science. The last projects Chris Bertram worked on
involved billion dollar machines to deposit on silicon wafers in the
Silicon Valley industry of wafer fabrication.
Now hear what insights were used to work with the best
minds of his mentors, what they did all the way to Silicon Valley in
the world of non­disclosure agreements and billion dollar
perception machines to deposit metals on silicon wafers.
Christopher Bertram took his perception machine ideas from
high school ROP classes in electronics, community college, the
University and all the way to the lead research at the forefront of
300 mm wafer technology for the Silicon Valley chemical vapor
deposition machines and physical vapor deposition machines.

7.
Preface
Any freshman knows that the initiate of the modern
mystery school is hit with many hats. Even if you are a hard
science major you must take requisites in the humanities. I could
pursue a couple of different areas on opposite sides. Thusly: I
placed my humanities requirements as much as could be done in
Anthropology.
A couple of visiting girls from the University of Amsterdam,
while holding discussions in café Trieste in North Beach here in
San Francisco, said that my ideas reminded them of The Risk
Society and that my book should be based upon that line of
research. They were writing their Anthropology dissertations on
the Petrodollar, the U.S. Dollar, and the imminent fall of
civilization.
Since I had a background in Computer Science one of my
Anthropology professors requested that I look into doing my
project on the origins of all languages. At first I thought that I
wasn’t going to find the connection but it turns out that there is a
similarity to all human languages. Why it relates to computers is
that there are axioms that can be placed into rule sets, etc.
When talking to the former editor of the philosophy journal at
UCSD, he was explaining that you just can’t claim that the brain
equals the mind or that the computer is a brain and that software

8.
is the mind. None of those things have an identity condition and
that they can not be equal. Never­The­Less computers do exist
and software does exist so what are they in Anthropology?
A girl that I know who has a Ph.D., from the East Bay, says
that I reminded her of Noam Chomsky. She thought that I had to
write a book on all that I found. Not only are languages similar but
there was a locus for speech found in the human genome (not
known at the time).
Once at the genome level I couldn’t help but realize that the
software code is in our DNA and that it is software and our
physiology is the hardware. The mind must be the result of the
operation of the brain, and it is orchestrated by the parameters set
in the DNA code of our genome.
It all relates to society and who we are and where we are
going. It is all leading somewhere…
DNA Of The Gods

10.
Contributors to this Book:
Christopher D. Bertram
Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Clinical Anthropology

11.
Chapter 1
Clinical Anthropology
I started out in anthropology, so to me how society works,
how people put themselves together and make things
work, has always been a big interest. ­ George Lucas
Figure 1. In this photo: Structures that go far into antiquity
where the architecture, and building methods defy imagination and
dating is unknown. The purpose of this is also unknown. (S.
America).

12.
Genomic Psychology
Although the archaeological record indicates a rough sketch of
the development of modern Homo sapiens and the behavior of the
species, we have now determined that the gene for speech has
been handed down through the genomic sequence at the Genus
level and that intelligence may originate far back in antiquity.
These results have implications in human modeling of behavior,
psychology and psychoanalysis.
Clinical anthropologists take a top­down approach
(everything in a phylogenetic tree), one that could shake up the
medical establishment. Strictly speaking, one could say that all of
medicine is anthropology. The future is in clinical anthropology.
Because artifacts have been misidentified, misunderstood, and
miscataloged, the depth and antiquity of our intelligence has been
misunderstood. The fossil record implying that H. sapiens is the
only truly intelligent example of its genus may not be entirely
accurate: the entire genus Homo may be intelligent, a recent
discovery in clinical anthropology.
In recent genetic analysis it has been discovered that the gene
for human speech was also in the neanderthal genome. In other
words it could be thought of that language itself may have a basis
far into antiquity in the past even into a species that primarily
lived 30,000 years ago.
Nucleotides form the basis of chromosomes. Humans are
diploid; this means they have forty­six chromosomes. Human
hominid genomes are 99 percent identical, with 1.5 percent of
known genes; these currently total approximately twenty­two
thousand.

13.
It is not now generally known that language or human
behaviour had a basis in a previous hominid. In fact medicine
assumes everyone is human and human behaviour started in
Victorian England. It is now thought that humans began
cataloging human psychology in Freud’s couch.
What are we dealing with here? Let’s look at the history of
medical research. The collegiate system began with the granting of
degrees in divinity provided by the church. It wasn’t until the
advent of treating plague victims that colleges began to train
medical doctors. Of course, we don’t suggest here that one type of
inquiry transform into the other.
Medicine had a choppy beginning. For example: some
medical inquiry started with artists creating illustrations of
muscles so that they could paint the human form, which led to the
discipline of anatomy. To fill in the details of the history of
medicine, one must take an overview of whole subject and
recognize contributions from other disciplines.
For example, let’s say you are a doctor. You have a patient in
the emergency room. The medics, paramedics, or emergency
medical technicians bring a patient into the nurse’s station. A
nurse or doctor performs emergency triage on the patient, making
a determination of his or her priority. The patient may or may not
be assigned a room. After treatment, the patient is discharged or
sent to a ward for recovery or the morgue.
In the write­ups of the process, nowhere does the current
system allow for speciation of the individual. We all assume that
everyone is a member of H. sapiens. That is to say that no one
runs genetic tests to determine where on the phylogenetic tree the
patient lands relative to human beings. Why not?
It seems logical that a phylogenetic tree analysis be performed
on every individual so that the treatment phase could include

14.
genetic therapy or even the use of stem cells. Shouldn’t the
placement of treatment consider how far out of Africa the
individual came to arrive at his or her present condition? In terms
of genetics, those individuals whose ancestors left Africa earlier
are now different in physiology than those whose forebears
remained longer. Individuals do actually fall on slightly different
places in the phylogenetic tree.
Think of a row of numbered blood samples with no other
labels on them. They can be tested to determine the sex ratio of all
of the blood samples’ donors. The approximate age of the
individuals can be determined. One might even determine the
social standing of the individuals. Next we could analyze blood
type and antigens, and so on. The test tubes could be classified
according to the so­called races of the donors.
The modern medical paradigm still works on the apprentice
system of on­the­job­training. Interns have the latest schooling
but no experience yet, and the surgeons have long ago left their
exams behind but have built great on­the­job experience.
Psychiatrists have theories of human behavior. Pathologists test
all manner of samples, usually post mortem, when it is too late.
This operation of industry is doomed to failure.
Clinical anthropology is the study of cultural beliefs and the
consequent behaviors associated with the origin, management,
and recognition of both health and illness within various cultural
and social groups. The field goes further to handle cases outside
the bracket of medical diagnosis and treatments such as
biomedicine. These include issues in dealing with the informal
systems of health care within a global perspective. Clinical
anthropology considers treatment by healers, traditional birth
attendants, alternative practitioners, and shamans as well as the
health practices associated with professional Western medicine
and caring practices. This field engages with cultural diversities in

15.
health and disease as well as the shared beliefs, practices, and
images associated with the perception of the human mind and
body.
Clinical anthropology relies on several important methods
and techniques such as DNA analysis from extracts from
archeological specimens, which has been very instrumental in
answering several anthropological questions in the medical field.
This technique’s complex procedures require specialized and
very extensive training to carry out. It must be carefully planned
with proper input from archeologists, linguists, physical
anthropologists, and other related researchers. Some
well­preserved samples can produce very clear answers to the
questions in a way that may complement other types of analysis.
DNA typing can identify individuals since DNA is unique
among individuals except in the very few cases of identical twins.
Skeletal remains are important to DNA analysis of populations or
specific individuals. Reference specimens for DNA comparison
can be obtained from very close family members to seek solutions
for specific health problems.
Forensic DNA Identification
Revolutionary molecular techniques in DNA identification
are now available in the medical field. The procedures for rapid
DNA sequencing were developed in the early 1970s. The Southern
blot technique was developed a couple of years later. The
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed in 1985. These
techniques have become important in the fragmentation and
amplification of DNA strands. These molecular biologic
techniques have since moved from the research laboratories into
the clinical service laboratory for the control and maintenance of
several conditions in the health and fitness sector.

16.
DNA analysis has also spread into the forensics
department in most hospitals and the governmental justice and
law systems. Fingerprinting has also been developed in this
forensic category. Many research papers have been published in
this field; the identification of human remains is one of the most
important operations in forensic science. In America, the Armed
Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL) has been at the
forefront of identifying human remains and thus a major
contributor in assisting the federal government in attaining its
mandate in the courts and legal system.
MTDNA Sequence Identifications
MtDNA sequence identification was developed by Dr.
Mary­Claire King in the early 1970s to address the identification
of the disappeared in Argentina. She matched the mtDNA
sequences of the children whose parents had been killed in
political turmoil. She even went further, identifying their maternal
grandmothers. In 1991, Dr. Mark Stoneking described the use of
this technique in the identification of a skull found in the Mojave
Desert about three years after a young girl was reported missing.
Another milestone in this field was the experiment by Dr. Gill in
1994 identifying the Russian Romanov Tsar Nicholas II and his
entire family. The AFDIL first employed the mtDNA sequencing
in the identification of the skeletal remains of servicemembers
who were killed in a Southeast Asian conflict. AFDIL has been
performing the testing that has led to the identifications of the
others (Johanson, 2009).
Skeletal Remains
Recovered remains from Southeast Asia vary drastically in
their quality and quantity. Some remains are virtually complete,
whereas others have disintegrated or dissolved in the acidic soils.
This phenomenon is affected by the manner and duration of

17.
interment, environmental temperature, and acidity of the soil.
Changes in environmental conditions may cause extreme
differences in the rate of preservation of fossils in the burial sites.
Bone specimens from Southeast Asia harbor only a very small
percentage of fragmented mtDNA; the amount found is very
unpredictable. The quality and ease of extraction of genetic
information from the bone varies with location within the human
skeleton. Teeth may yield mtDNA when a bone from the same
skeleton does not.
MtDNA in family reference materials can be obtained from
the exhumed remains of deceased relatives if necessary. At times,
post­mortem reference specimens like locks of hair,
paraffin­embedded materials from the earlier biopsies, and
neonatal blood stains can be compared with information from the
deceased, as was done with the identification of relatives to the
servicemen in the war at the Southeast Asia (University, 2009).
Ancient DNA
For proper DNA identification, the researcher must use a very
intact DNA sample. This calls for better preservation of such
samples. We should follow the correct extraction process right
from the start. A new approach in the field is the amplification of
DNA obtained from ancient biological materials like those of
mammoths, tigers, and mummies. This is the field of molecular
paleontology. Once the victims in the Korean and Vietnam
conflicts were identified using these techniques, they could receive
proper burial later in their respective areas of residence (wsu.edu,
n.d.).
Clinical anthropology may offer solutions to the dysfunctional
and often overpriced and wasteful medical system. An
anthropologist might run a hospital quite differently, putting the
pathologist at the beginning of a treatment’s chain of events

18.
instead of at the end. A cultural anthropology workup would be
part of the initial assessment as well as the plan for treatment.
Where is the patient from: The inner city, the suburbs, and the
rural area with roads that have no names? What has the diet and
level of exercise been for this patient over the last six months, a
year, three years? Where on the phylogenetic tree does the
individual fall? Everything would be based upon clinical testing,
first and foremost.
The current mental picture of the antiquity of modern
humans has colored our operations of the medical establishment;
however it is through the modern discoveries in the genome that
we have found the true nature of the aspects of our intelligence.
These insights are true and may lead to improving ourselves in
medical practice.
[Formal proposal for scholastic research and funding here]
[Confidential]

19.
References
“Hominid Species Timeline.” Retrieved Jun 10, 2009.
http://www.wsu.edu:8001/vwsu/gened/learn­modules/top_longfor/timelin
e/timeline.html
Johanson, D. C. “Origins of Modern Humans: Multiregional or Out of Africa?”
Retrieved Jun 10, 2009. http://www.actionbioscience.org
University, R. “1.5 million­year­old fossil humans walked on modern feet.”
Retrieved Jun 10, 2009. http://www.phys.org

20.
Chapter 2
Ancient History
Figure 2. The extremely ancient site of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka. It
may once have been entirely carved; it may have had a facade that
featured a Griffin or other mythical creature which, perhaps, was
destroyed in an ancient battle.
The tablets of the Ten Commandments were ripped out of
the Temple of Heliopolis and brought to Moses on the
mountain.
­Ancient Mystery Schools of Hermes
Homo sapiens long ago began using tools and language,
perhaps inherited across the species but still in the genus Homo.
With the discovery of the gene that codes for speech in both
modern humans and Neanderthal, we can infer that there were at
least two hominids that possessed the gift of speech. We can date

21.
DNA far into antiquity, but corresponding archaeological finds are
few. What could they tell us about our ancient minds?
Our history goes far into antiquity, with evidences that stretch
so far back that it goes into other hominid species. Many of the
data points have not been connected, and many mysteries exist
while some could be solved with existing evidences.
Records show that in ancient Rome, bull after bull had to be
sacrificed to the god Jupiter until it was done correctly. Any
deviance from proper procedures resulted in heavy fines and
possibly death. During a wedding in the bible there appears to not
be a description of an appropriate bull that was sacrificed.
The emperors of Rome usually considered the Jews a quaint
little cult, but one might think of the punishment of the Rabbi
Jesus as being a sacrifice to a Roman deity. Thusly; one of the first
emperors of Rome may have given the order to sacrifice Jesus the
rebel rouser instead of the bull or in place of a bull that should
have been sacrificed.
One wonders at the curriculum, and training of Jesus during
the missing years of his life. He was given certain privileges at
birth from the three wise men of the East which may have
included secret mystery schools.
One such training lasts 12 years on the side of a Tibetan
mountain. The seeker is brought bowls of rations while he tries to
free himself from karma.
The ascetic sits cross legged on a mat. For 12 years he calms
his body in silent meditation freeing him from cycles of birth,
growth, and decay. He becomes a monk of deep contemplation.
A guru passes ancient knowledge on to the initiate. From the
first enlightened one down to the next each initiate is given the

22.
knowledge until he is ready to walk the Earth as a lama in his own
right.
Finally after 12 years of contemplation and only porridge
Jesus must have been ready to start his ministry. They must have
given him all of the knowledge of the ancients and then turned
him loose on the world. Jesus was the new lama of the time.
I think that “lamb of God” may be a reference to lama.
A revolutionary Jewish rabbi from Israel who ministered from
the ages of thirty to eighty years old is buried in Kashmir who
bears the marks of a Roman crucifixion. The rabbi appeared in
Kashmir from the Silk Road in the year 30 a.d.
“Their originator, Christ, had been executed in Tiberius’
reign by the governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate” (Tacitus,
110 a.d.).
Back in Rome they were picking up the pieces from a new sect
that had been created by the supposed execution of the rabbi
Jesus. The aftermath was being felt immediately.
"Punishments [by Nero] were inflicted on the Christians, a
sect professing a new and mischievous
superstition"​ ​(Seutonius, 120 a.d.).
Meanwhile: Rome was busy building a huge military
dictatorship. The architecture of many developments cannot be
duplicated today and many mysteries still remain to be resolved.
There is a point of contention to the Roman aqueducts.
Mostly they are impossible and ford rivers that have water
running in them and go on in nonsensical directions and span in
ridiculously ominous proportions.

23.
Observing aqueducts in France today there is a given, yes the
concrete cannot be duplicated today, but the apparent blueprints
and directions really boggle the mind. The same slope in a gravity
fed system from the mountain tops into the cities is used for the
water supply.
The Roman dictator at the time, from Spain, had a Greek
architect, who constructed the most fantastical public works
projects in the history of the world that has never been duplicated.
The published works by the architect were later found and
lead to the Italian renaissance. The works are so complete in
several volumes many of the teachings and drawings are used to
this very day.
De architectura was written by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio a
Greek civil engineer who was employed by Gaius Octavius the
Roman emperor also known as Augustus. The emperor Trajan is
also known for creating huge expansions in public works as the
empire grew, using the principles of De architectura.
What is fascinating is that some aspects of the temple of
Jupiter in Baalbek Lebanon, not only have elements that predate
the site which are called Cyclopean architecture but even the
construction by the Romans defy modern architecture. The
ancient Romans have secrets of construction still a mystery to this
day. Some have suggested that these ancient gods were in fact
wandering around with humans at the time. The temple of Jupiter
stands today with massive structures that boggle the mind. It may
be not only the temple of Jupiter but a temple from Jupiter.

25.
Figure 3. In this photo: Kerri Taylor in a dramatic re­creation of
the Roman bath, requiring aqueducts of monumental proportions
to furnish a water decedent society of luxury (Photo credit: Author
2015).

27.
Figure 4. In This Photo: Sarah Jain in dramatic reenactment of
ancient Troy. A variety of gods staged an intervention at Troy
leading to the creation of Rome (Photo credit: Author 2015).
Let’s look back in time: after the battle of Troy, the remnants
fled to the coastline of what is now Italy and formed a
rudimentary society (Rome). The god Ares and Athena were
probably important not only in the proceedings of Troy and the
aftermath but the subsequent city­state of Rome. Eventually, this
society created the Roman Empire, which was in essence a
military dictatorship.
A recent theory suggests a World War Zero:
“​Now, as Colin Barras at ​New Scientist​ reports, a
geoarchaeologist named Eberhard Zangger is proposing a much
grander cause for the collapse: an extended series of ancient
conflicts that he dubs "World War Zero."
Last week, Zangger, head of the Luwian Studies foundation,
which is based in Zurich, Switzerland, launched a book, as well as
an extensive website, arguing that another culture he calls the
Luwians began a series of invasions that eventually collapsed the
other Bronze Age powers.
(http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart­news/geoarchaeologist­p
roposes­there­was­a­world­war­zero­180959152/#l3KGvS4ro3p1
6T6U.99)”
Further back, at 1450 BCE, the volcano at or near the island of
Thera destroyed the Minoan fleet and empire. The depth of ash
there indicated a massive explosion. Written language has been
excavated that some believe to be evidence that the Minoan Palace
of Knossos and its temples underlie the mythological island

28.
civilization of Atlantis. So much research and excavation at Thera
has now taken place that some consider the mystery solved.
Anthropological gene testing for mtDNA has shown that some
haplogroups started out in Asia and migrated to the Americas far
back in antiquity. For Haplogroup B, starting at 50,000 years ago,
humans migrated from Asia to the Americas and became B4’5. We
have so far no archaeological finds in the Americas to corroborate
the move; no finds there date earlier than 10,000 years ago.
However, deep­water ports visible with side­scanning radar
indicate that in the far­distant past, someone was traversing the
oceans in huge ships of unknown provenance. There are also
indications of land­bridge crossings from Siberia to Alaska, for
example.
Mediterranean Island Voyages
Science 16 November 2012:
Vol. 338 no. 6109 pp. 895­897
DOI: 10.1126/science.1228880
“Some of the classical world's most innovative cultures
developed on Mediterranean islands, but their earlier
human use is poorly known. The islands, particularly those
further from the mainland such as Crete and Cyprus, were
thought to have been first colonized about 9000 years ago
by late Neolithic agriculturalists with domesticated
resources. Until about 20 years ago, claims of earlier,
pre­Neolithic occupations on any of the islands did not
stand up to critical scrutiny (1), but current investigations
are challenging these perceptions. Discoveries on Cyprus,
Crete, and some Ionian islands suggest seafaring abilities
by pre­Neolithic peoples, perhaps extending back to

29.
Neanderthals or even earlier hominins. In Cyprus, Neolithic
sites have been documented that are nearly as early as
those on the mainland.”
Of the Neolithic age, the conventional wisdom states that: the
only remnants are stone tools and a few chips of volcanic glass
shaped into arrowheads. Then archaeological evidence is sparse
until the finds of the Bronze and Iron Ages.
Figure 5. Sacsayhuaman near Cusco, Peru. Of extreme
antiquity, the walls here use no mortar. (Getty Images,
iStockPhoto)
In South America, the pre­Inca site Sacsayhuaman near
Cusco, Peru, lies on the side of a mountain plateau. It includes
stone blocks weighing fifty to a hundred tons each that look as
though they were melted or shaped by heating to fit into place. To
many viewers, the site looks like it could even predate
Neolithic—that is, Stone­Age—culture, but the methods used to
build Sacsayhuaman confound today’s understanding of how to
work stone. Why would anyone build such a massive city, with

30.
such massive blocks, on as remote a mountain top as this? The
pre­Inca Killke culture inhabited this area and possibly built some
of the site from 900 to 1200 AD, which was later used by the Inca.
The Spanish laid siege here in the sixteenth century; not even
one­hundred­ton blocks could prevent the conquest of the Inca.
The Giza Plateau
Figure 6. The Giza Plateau and its pyramids visible from
space. (NASA/ISS)
The Giza plateau is in the Sahara desert which has a history of
being a shallow ocean, and swaths of freshwater shallows until in
recent geological time when the desert formed when these areas
dried up. The erosion on the Sphinx indicates building of the
monument from 10,000 to 30,000 years ago when the area was
receiving heavy rains however may prove to be more ancient as
rains cause erosion of 2 cm per thousand years, while the area has
been a desert for 5000 years – henceforth there has been much to
discover in the area in regards to artifacts and their antiquity.

31.
Figure 7. File photo of the Giza site from the 1800s.
Monuments of extreme antiquity defy the imagination. The sphinx
is tied to the second pyramid by tunnels and antechambers.
Obviously of an age previously unknown.
The Giza pyramids place our intelligence into the proper
context of who we are and where we are going. The dynastic
Egyptian reign was only for a brief period of time on the Giza
Plateau henceforth any slight adjustment to the antiquity places a
great big unknown into the ideas of the site.
I looked at pictures of the Giza pyramids from orbit. These
monuments were supposedly built in the Stone Age by people who
did not have the wheel. I thought that there must be something
wrong with the assessment.
There must have been advanced tools and wheels involved in
their construction. They won’t let tools and wheels in to the
calculation of the pyramids because no advanced tools were found

32.
at the site and that it throws everything else off in their
calculations of when the Stone Age occurred.
There are no obvious inscriptions on the Great Pyramid; the
only writings found there are in one of the shafts that had been
accessed by a robot and a cartouche that do not match. The
writing in the shaft does not look Egyptian. The cartouche is
written in middle Egyptian.
Figure 8. Cartouche of the dynastic pharaoh Khufu in a
chamber above the King’s chamber of the Great Pyramid.

33.
The Great Pyramid looks different from the other two. It has a
slight indentation to the sides that has been built using all of the
blocks, giving eight actual sides to the pyramid.
A lot of work has been done to date the largest pyramid to the
king Khufu. Evidence points to work being done during the time
of Khufu but perhaps just work on finishing the outer casing was
done. A diary has been found at a port city exclusively used to
transport casing stones for the largest pyramid.
In 2013 Archeologists found a smoking gun to the Great
Pyramid. One of the architects’ diaries was found at a site which
turned out to be a port built exclusively for the builders of the
Great Pyramid. A site at the Red Sea called Wadi Al­Jarf has an
excavation that is ongoing.
The port of Wadi Al­Jarf and all of its transpiring occurred
during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu and then it shut down after.
Thusly the mass of blocks, copper and other support materials
and crews could be placed in one location during the time­frame
of the pyramid’s supposed construction.
Day and night copper tools were made in the forges, and
sharpened and milled for the construction project. Copper was
transported from across the Red Sea to the port to be transported
to the building site’s usage of copper tools. The copper was
transported directly across the sea to Wadi Al­Jarf.
Limestone for the outer casings was transported from the
quarry at Tura. The Tura limestone is what gave the outer casings
the gleaming white magnificence that was the pyramid’s surface.
The Tura limestones were then transported to the ancient port
Wadi Al­Jarf.
There is a point of contention that I have had in these
proceedings: if they were milling copper chisels, then what metal

34.
was used to file, saw, and work the copper chisels? Why not use
the tools that milled the copper chisels to work the stone?
In other words if you were milling copper tools to work the
pyramids, why not use the mill to work the stone instead. There is
evidence of a vast milling operation with millwright workers
fashioning the copper implements and perhaps stone also.
The popular author Graham Hancock gives lectures on the
pyramids and discusses how the Great Pyramid’s geometry
astoundingly corresponds with the Earth’s equator and diameter.
His presentation leads to further questions of the Great Pyramid.
Of all of the theories: the theories that most make sense are
that there is an internal ramp or ramps. Otherwise the ramp(s)
would be too large externally. The conclusion drawn for internal
ramps are by the results of scanning from within by investigators.
The waste products from the quarry to produce the blocks
would be twice the size of the pyramid but that is not what we see.
We see the exact amount of material from the quarry as that of the
pyramid’s proportions. It is impossible to have a situation where
only blocks fill the pyramid’s dimensions.
If the pyramid was only constructed with blocks, the time
frame of 20­30 years to build the pyramid couldn’t be met by
transporting so many blocks. The extra volume has to be hollow
and filled with the leftover rubble.
Some of the volume should be filled with the leftover rubble,
otherwise there is not enough left over rubble and there would
also be too many blocks if the great pyramid were solid blocks
thusly requiring rubble to fill internal spaces left over from some
of the blocks.

35.
There are also volumes of misshapen blocks used in the
construction of tombs for the workers of the pyramids. The tombs
for the largest pyramid are found nearby and house the expired
workers that built it using some of the leftover blocks. This
suggests that there wasn’t slave labor but workers provided by
each noble house living in Egypt at the time.
Figure 9. Blocks of the smallest of the three pyramids. The
tool marks are similar to those of the South American blocks
shown earlier. Could there have been an ancient, pan global
civilization?
The numbers that I found indicate that the smaller two
pyramids correspond to dimensions of the moon and the planet

36.
Mars, while the Great Pyramid corresponds to the planet Earth—a
relationship repeated at Teotihuacan in South America. In other
words the diameter of the spheres corresponds to dimensions of
the pyramids.
What is interesting about the smaller two pyramids is that the
ratio of comparison to the moon and Mars is similar, but the
relationship of the Great Pyramid to the earth is according to a
different mathematical constant, suggesting that the pyramids
had different architects.
Not only did they have different architects but the purposes
may have been different. Not only do the purposes appear
different but the ages of the three Giza pyramids may be wildly
different.
The blocks of the smaller pyramid on the Giza plateau are
similar to blocks found in South America. Could the same
architects have built the small pyramid of Giza and the Peruvian
monuments? This could suggest traversal of the oceans in great
antiquity.
Some of the blocks show signs of artificial limestone
construction. In other words some of the blocks are a form of very
advanced cement that have been turned into stone blocks, and
have given the answer to some of the questions as to where the
rubble has gone to – the ruble has been worked back into stone
blocks.
The second pyramid on the Giza plateau has a causeway
leading to the Sphinx. In the middle of the causeway from the
second pyramid is the shaft of Osiris, which leads to a shaft
containing three separate levels. On the lowest level has been
found a tomb of Osiris that contains a nine­foot­long sarcophagus.

37.
Thus, the mythological originator of the Egyptian civilization
is buried at unknown antiquity in the second pyramid. The Sphinx
acts as Osiris’s Anubis, guarding the dead. This places the
pyramid at unknown antiquity and purpose.
It is said that in legend Osiris traveled the world with his
sister Isis and the nine muses, and what is fascinating is that there
is a legend in South America of the children of the sun traveling
there and bringing them civilization – Osiris and Isis are the
children of Ra the sun god.
Some Giza plateau artifacts have been miscataloged,
mislabeled, misinterpreted, and misdated. The Great Pyramid of
Khufu is supposedly a funerary structure. There has never been
found a body in the Great pyramid.
A mechanical engineer has recently measured the mitered
edges of the Great Pyramid, concluding that very advanced tools
were required to make the joints. There are thirty­foot saw marks
finer than one­sixteenth of an inch along wide swaths of discarded
stone at the site. The mechanical engineer concluded that the
ancient Egyptians who made the Pyramid had advanced tools:
Although the ancient Egyptians are not given credit for
having a simple wheel, the evidence proves that they not
only had the wheel, they had a more sophisticated use for
it. The evidence of lathe work is markedly distinct on some
of the artifacts housed in the Cairo Museum, as well as
those that were studied by Petrie. Two pieces of diorite in
Petrie’s collection he identified as being the result of true
turning on a lathe (Dunn, 2006).
“. . . Tool marks on the inside of the granite coffer in the
King’s Chamber indicate that when the granite was
hollowed out, preliminary roughing cuts were made by

38.
drilling holes into the granite around the area which was to
be removed. According to Petrie, these drill holes were
made with tube­drills, which left a central core that had to
be knocked away after the hole had been cut. After all the
holes had been drilled, and all the cores removed, Petrie
surmises that the coffer was then hewn and worked to its
desired dimension...”
“On the E. inside is a portion of a tube­drill hole remaining,
where they had tilted the drill over into the side by not
working it vertically. They tried hard to polish away all that
part, and took of about 1/10 inch thickness all around it; but
still they had to leave the side of the hole 1/10 deep, 3
long, and 1.3 wide; the bottom of it is 8 or 9 below the
original top of the coffer. They made a similar error on the
N. inside, but of a much less extent. There are traces of
horizontal grinding lines on the W. inside...”
“The errors noted by Petrie are not uncommon in modern
machine shops, and I must confess to having made them
myself on occasion. Several factors could be involved in
creating this condition, although I cannot visualize any one
of them being a hand operation. Once again, while working
their drill into the granite, the machinists had made a
mistake before they had time to correct it...”
“Let us speculate for a moment that the drill was being
worked by hand. How far into the granite would they be
able to cut before the drill had to be removed to permit
cleaning the waste out of the hole? Would they be able to
drill 8 or 9 inches into the granite without having to remove
their drill? It is inconceivable to me that such a depth could
be achieved with a hand­operated drill without the frequent
withdrawal of the drill to clean out the hole, or provisions

39.
being made for the removal of the waste while the drill was
still cutting. It is possible, therefore, that frequent
withdrawals of the drill would expose their error, and that
they would have noticed the direction their drill was taking
before it had cut a .200 inch gouge into the side of the
coffer, and before it had reached a depth of 8 or 9 inches.
Can’t we see the same situation with the drill as with the
saw? Here we have two high speed operations where
errors are made before the operators have time to correct
them.”
The box was carved from a solid piece 7­1/2 ft. wide 9 ft.
high 13­½ ft. long (Dunn, 2006).
The advanced tools were from a people that already had metal
objects from the hottest forges possible (Dunn, 2006). The King’s
Chamber coffer is the precise dimension of the so­ called Ark of
the Covenant in biblical description. This coffer’s true purpose
cannot be that of a coffin and must have been something like a
catch basin for a desalinization plant.
I have a point of contention here: who the hell was tube
drilling the King’s chamber box, after the block was laid in such a
small room and with no lights? There is no room for the
machinery to be placed inside the room to drill the core holes. Not
only is there no machinery left inside but someone forgot to
mention that there is no light switch in the chamber of the
pyramid.
The builders have not been identified, and the true purposes
of the structure have not been determined. Given its erosion and
predynastic artifacts, the Giza site must date back far beyond
3,000 BCE.

40.
It is obvious with a superficial study that the Great Pyramid is
done as the result of an advanced civilization and that the dating
could be in error. Perhaps it was sealed at an unknown date. This
Great Pyramid could have been King Solomon’s temple that was
supposedly lost in antiquity. Perhaps restoration work was done
by Khufu.
The Identity of King Solomon
The Bible contains accounts of ancient buildings using saws
that cut massive stones:
All these were of costly stones, according to the measures
of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without,
even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the
outside toward the great court. (Kings 1:7–9).
There are buildings still standing with stones so described.
Both the great pyramid and Solomon’s temple have inner
chambers that house the Ark of the Covenant. Is the Great
Pyramid the great Solomon’s temple?
Could the name Sol­Omon be broken down and interpreted as
the god Amen Ra the pharaoh. Solomon married a daughter of an
Egyptian pharaoh in deep antiquity and built a huge structure that
supposedly has never been found, yet staring us in the face is the
Great Pyramid with the same dimensions as Solomon’s temple
built to house the Ark of the Covenant.
Amen Ra is referred to in the names of a succession of
pharaohs in Egypt. Matching the pharaoh with Solomon places a
new date on the unification of Egypt, as once Solomon married a
pharaoh’s daughter, he became pharaoh, etc.
There are texts suggesting that Moses was one of the Pharos,
etc. There is a named line of Pharaohs as Tut­Moses, etc. Besides

41.
the names, there are evidences but links cannot be established as
yet. The funerary reliefs and murals were not meant to be read
after death nor are some of the texts, so precise corroboration
cannot be determined.
There are mysteries to the pyramids, the pharaohs and the
religious implications to us that persist to this day. The identity of
King Solomon is a mystery as there are not enough artifacts to
match up and correspond the writings and texts. What were the
buildings that used massive stones built by King Solomon?
The Indus Valley
Figure 10. Paintings of courtesans at Sigirya, Sri Lanka. It is so
remote that it is often described as only accessible by flying
carpets. It is a huge, carved­out rock whose antiquity that can only
be guessed at. (Getty Images, iStockPhoto)
The least investigated yet largest of the ancient civilizations
lies in the Indus valley named for the Indus River. The extreme

42.
antiquity of the area has not been fully understood. Work is being
done to match up artifacts with ancient texts.
Legend has it that Nala built the Nala Setu Bridge by direction
of King Rama in 5,076 BCE. The date has been calculated using
archaeoastronomy and sea level measurements from before the
melt of the last ice age. The bridge can still be seen from space by
satellite and space stations, spanning across the southern tip of
India and the northern tip of Sri Lanka.
The bridge of Rama that can be seen from space can also be
dated using the texts. Using the books of Ramayana, and the
Mahabharata the birth of Rama can be calculated. In Ramayana
1.18.8, 9 using the astronomical alignments the birth can be
calculated to January 10th, 5114 BCE.
Off of the coast of India near the gulf of Khambhat, ruins of
ancient city complexes have recently been found. They have been
dated between 9,500 and 32,000 BCE. The artifacts of the sunken
city complexes show intricate tool use and architectural
sophistication. Each of the two sites is as large as the city of
Manhattan.
“After all the people had set out, the ocean flooded
Dvaraka, which still teemed with wealth of every kind.
Whatever portion of land was passed over, the ocean
immediately flooded over with its waters.
(Mahabharata, Mausala Parva 7 verse 40)”
At a depth of between 70 and 170 feet under the ocean lies
quite possibly Dvaraka, the legendary city of the god Krishna, that
can be dated by the rising sea levels of the cities discovered nearby
in the gulf of Khambhat. How many tens of thousands of years has
the city been under the water?

43.
Gobekli Tepe
Gobekli Tepe is the name of a site in Turkey that has been
dated to 12,000 BCE by the archaeologist Klaus Schmidt. What is
interesting about the site is that it is preagricultural but shows
signs of the very beginnings of agriculture. The basis of domestic
wheat has been found in the area, which may be where humans
first processed wheat.
Starting with megalithic structures, the dates are pushed back
going in to the times of a previous hominid form in our Genus.
What is clear is that underwater cities the size of Manhattan
dating back more than 30,000 years makes us think about whom
we are and where everything is going.
One Million Years Ago
There is a cave system in Europe that contains remains of the
first humans in Europe and of modern human forms. The findings
there support an ancient out­of­Africa theory.
“The caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca contain a rich fossil
record of the earliest human beings in Europe, from nearly
one million years ago and extending up to the Common
Era. They represent an exceptional reserve of data, the
scientific study of which provides priceless information
about the appearance and the way of life of these remote
human ancestors.”
“…The Sierra de Atapuerca sites provide unique testimony
of the origin and evolution both of the existing human
civilization and of other cultures that have disappeared.
The evolutionary line or lines from the African ancestors of
modern humankind are documented in these sites. The
earliest and most abundant evidence of humankind in
Europe is to be found in the Sierra de Atapuerca. The sites

44.
constitute an exceptional example of continuous human
occupation, due to their special ecosystems and their
geographical location. The fossil remains in the Sierra de
Atapuerca are an invaluable reserve of information about
the physical nature and the way of life of the earliest
human communities in Europe…”
“…The earliest fossil hominid remains in Europe, the
Pleistocene deposits, from around 800,000 BP as
established by paleomagnetic analysis, were found in the
Gran Dolina site in the Sierra de Atapuerca, one of the
Trinchera Del Ferrocarril group. They are associated with
simple stone tools of the pre­Acheulean type, which is
consistent with the dating of the earliest levels of this site.
Also in the Trinchera Del Ferrocarril group of sites are
those known as Tres Simas. The oldest human remains
from the Galería site have been dated to between 200,000
and 400,000 BP, associated with Acheulean stone tools.
Similar dates have been established for human skeletal
remains from the Sima de los Huesos in the Cueva Mayor.
The absence of herbivores consumed by humans in this
site, where the remains of no fewer than 32 humans have
been discovered, suggests that this may have been a
mortuary site. The relatively large sample, largely of
adolescents and young adults, has permitted a number of
important studies to be carried out on the palaeopathology
of this population, the growth and development of
individuals, and their average size... (UNESCO)”
The European sites indicate that stone tools go back further
than 10,000 years and perhaps as far as 800,000 years.
There are 1.5 million­year­old hominid footprints that show
some hominid being walking like modern humans. Recently, a 12
million­year­old hominid from the genus Homo has been

45.
discovered in Spain. Our current paradigm says that the modern
human, Homo sapiens, evolved 130, 000 years ago alongside
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, who lasted until about 30,000
years ago. Perhaps we must update our theories, maybe even
radically. How “recent” are our appearance and “out­of­Africa”
origins?
But why is this relevant to us today? For one thing, updating
our understanding of prehistory could even translate into
improvements in modern medicine.
The Out­of­Africa Theory
There are limits to the accuracy of carbon dating and
determining the age of artifacts at archaeological sites. What’s
important about the time 30,000 years in the past is that this is
when Homo sapiens neanderthalensis emerges as being an
influence.
Modern humans are supposed to have arisen in Africa after a
recent ice age. The theory breaks off in two directions: out of
Africa recently or out of Africa a long time ago. In any case, a
mammalian primate began our lineage in Africa, and some of its
descendants migrated out of Africa at some point.
Apparently, Neanderthals emerged from a group of primates
that left Africa before the others and settled in ice­age Europe. It
seems that groups living in different places in the world developed
different physiologies.
Groups that remained in Africa, for example, can have the
genetic trait of sickle­cell anemia as a way of fighting off a malaria
infection. Conversely, some modern Scandinavian people are
immune to AIDS due to a lack of protein receptors for it on their T
cells.

46.
Modern humans, Homo sapiens, have been sold short. We
have been intelligent longer and resided in areas of Europe longer
than we have been told, and what tools we have had have been
misrepresented. The methods for building the great works of
antiquity have been lost. Modern clinical anthropology can help
us rediscover who we were, who we are now, and where we will be
going. Perhaps our genome will show that our earliest intelligence
included the gifts of tool use and language, which could establish
new insights into medical treatment.
a. There are two theories about the origin of modern humans:
One, that they arose in one place—Africa, and two, that
premodern humans migrated from Africa to become
modern humans in other parts of the world. Most evidence
points to the first theory, including that fossils of
modern­like humans, stone tools, and other artifacts have
been found in Africa and DNA studies suggest a founding
population in Africa.
b. Ancient footprints found at Rutgers’s Koobi Fora Field
School show that some of the earliest humans walked like
us and did so on anatomically modern feet 1.5 million
years ago (​physorg.com​, 2009).
c. “Researchers have discovered a fossilized face and jaw
from a previously unknown hominid primate genus in Spain
dating to the Middle Miocene era, roughly 12 million years
ago. . . . Scientists can only find comparable values within
the genus Homo.” Great apes have longer faces and jaws
that project forward strongly. The unexpected and
mysterious similarity might be “evolutionary convergence,
where two species evolving separately share common
features.” (Science Daily).

47.
d. ”The 130,000 year­old reconstructed skull shown below at
left represents the earliest known example of a modern
human being, Homo sapiens sapiens. It was found at Omo
in East Africa; skull size and shape are completely modern.
Shown beside the skull are some characteristic tools of
Homo sapiens sapiens, all from East or South Africa: a
bola for throwing at small game, flake tools, and a long
flake blade and the core from which such blades have
been struck. “(wsu.edu).

48.
References
“Hominid Species Timeline.” Retrieved Jun 10, 2009.
http://www.wsu.edu:8001/vwsu/gened/learn­modules/top_longfor/timelin
e/timeline.html
Johanson, D. C. “Origins of Modern Humans: Multiregional or Out of Africa?”
Retrieved Jun 10, 2009. http://www.actionbioscience.org
University, R. “1.5 million­year­old fossil humans walked on modern feet.”
Retrieved Jun 10, 2009. http://www.phys.org

49.
Chapter 3
OoPArts
(Out of Place Artifacts)
“Do not disturb my circles”. Prior to being slaughtered by
the Romans.
—Archimedes
Archimedes Manuscript
Recently a lost manuscript of Archimedes was discovered and
sold at auction for 2 million dollars. The greatest scientist to have
ever lived had left a detailed account of all of his exploits in
science. It was 2,200 years old.
Most of the ideas were hidden away. The book lay hidden in a
reused book of prayer where the original writing was washed
away. The writings were 1,500 years ahead of their time.
Archimedes ideas without the manuscript finally began to be
explored in the Renaissance. It wasn’t until recently that the
original copied writings of Archimedes could be rendered from
underneath the texts of the prayer book.
The manuscript leads to revelations of the discovery of the
mathematical constant of Pi. Polygons were drawn outside of a
circle and inside of a circle and compared. He found that the
number pi was: 3 10/71 < pi < 3 1/7. The ratio was 22/7, still
used today.

50.
Atlantis
The first paper I wrote was on Atlantis. There have been
writings of a sunken culture beneath the waves. Media have been
dedicated from all walks of life and many sources. It is such a big
topic for many reasons the project branched out.
One of the aspects of Atlantis has been the origins of
democracy. Until recently the idea of a democracy had been a
subject of philosophical debate as the functioning of such an
enterprise is a bit unusual and tricky. Plato had been sent to Egypt
to receive a dossier on the concept of democracy for the Greek
government.
The legend started from ancient Egyptian priests including
Solon and has been in legend ever since. A tracing of sources leads
to the Minoan empire and naval fleet and large portions of the
ancient civilized world.
The palace at Knossos has been recently excavated and the
artifacts cataloged and the reconstruction has begun. The dots
connect to a picture of a world power. Knossos has been linked to
the island of Thera and the Minoan fleet.
The Minoan fleet was one of the largest the world had ever
seen. They had built on the atoll of an active volcano. The layers of
ash have been dated. The volcano exploded near the island of
Thera and destroyed Minoa that disappeared beneath the waves
in 1450 b.c.
The Black Knight Satellite
An Apollo mission photographed an object in Earth orbit that
would have been impossible. The object was called “The Black
Knight.” The polar orbit of the black knight satellite would have
been impossible to achieve in 1957.

51.
The pictures are simply provocative. Analysis is inconclusive,
and explanations can not be reached even today. There have been
several claims at varying times of signals emanating from it.
The mass, location, and altitude of orbit as well as when it
could have been placed there simply results in the greatest
mystery in the history of the planet.
Hyperborea
After taking gratuity payments from the operation at the
Oracle of Delphi on Parnassus Apollo journeyed on his routes. The
mythical land where Apollo was said to journey periodically was to
a land of ice and snow far to the north called Hyperborea.
Recently megalithic constructions have been found in Russia
in the Ural Mountains. The structures vastly outweigh in size and
area any megalithic structures found to date anywhere in the
world.
Many archeologists even refer to the sites as Hyperborea.
Isaac Newton
Recently a manuscript of Isaac Newton’s had been auctioned
at Sotherby’s. It describes the works done in light, mathematics,
and astronomy.
In the manuscript Newton invented a telescopic method that
is still used today. Using a six inch reflecting telescope he was able
to envision Jupiter and the moons.
Newton invented calculus, still used today. For the first time a
repetition of calculations resulted in results for intervals of time.
Not until statistics and quantum mechanics did physics change so
drastically.

52.
Newton described gravity for the first time. For the first time a
description was used to repeat observations of the working of
gravity. The way of looking at gravity was not changed until
recently when the 4​th​
dimension was used involving time.
Newton’s other works include Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia
Mathematica, essentially a work in Thaumaturgy and alchemy – a
magic book that included calculus.
Olmecs
Figure 11. In this photo: A brochure from a touring exhibit of
ancient artifacts from the Olmec civilization of the Americas dated
to 100s of years B.C. (San Francisco, De Young Museum 2011).
The Olmec civilization is pushing back the dates to the
Americas and the indigenous populations right up against the
forbidden zone of pre Columbian discovery.
What is being talked about is that a variety of civilizations
inhabited the Americas, and was in a state of decline when
Columbus arrived.

53.
The monuments in the pre Columbian Americas look like
peoples from all walks of life and from every continent far into
antiquity. It is a theme repeated over and over again – humans
span a pan global civilization back to time immemorial.
The Renaissance
Figure 12. In this photo: Da Vinci, Leonardo.​ Untitled​.​ ​Circa
1500. Oil on canvas. Private Collection, Montacute House England.
Public display Geneva. (Earlier version of portrait of Lisa
Gherardini).
After scholars found manuscripts dating to the early Roman
Empire describing the building of aqueducts – The Renaissance
started.

54.
In the middle of the complete dark ages suddenly there was
an explosion of thought and science became transformed.
A study of da Vinci’s notes has revealed his reliance of the
Roman antiquities for his works.
Ancient secrets dating to antiquity unknown were
re­discovered. The mathematics of ancient engineering made their
way into artistic painting.
South America
In the Andes Mountains there is an Inca Road system going
for 25,000 miles consisting of advanced foot traffic roads. The
engineering involved would be in place with modern technology,
or in this case out of place.
The roads connect all megalithic sites in the region: Cusco,
Ollantaytambo, Machu Picchu, Sacsayhuaman and The Sacred
Valley.
The carrying capacity for the ancient agricultural region on
terraced mountains is greater than contemporary sites. It has
been calculated that the world’s entire starving population could
be eliminated with food grown now on the empty agricultural lots
on the terraces.
Something can be determined in the cataloging of the
ancient sites is that far into antiquity an unknown ancient
civilization took up large regions of South America and then
suddenly vanished.

55.
Unknown Museum Artifact
Figure 13. In this photo: contemporary photo of antiquity
unknown (Identifier and location of museum protected).
An artifact in a museum shows indications of machine lathe
working. Although the common thought about this is that a lathe
is not that complicated. It is complicated if you are supposed to be
in the Stone Age.
Not only is the purpose unknown, but the method of
manufacture is also unknown. The RPM turning of the artifact
and the metal are so far out of place that it is mind­boggling.
The artifact is part of a classification known as the stupa, or
bell shape. Bells are made to resonate with something, yet another
indication of advanced thought, machine working and knowledge
of physics.

56.
Figure 14. In this photo: a bell shaped device made to resonate
with an unknown microwave frequency as indicated by the design.
The frequency of the resonance could be music, or a scale that
has not been discovered yet or a divisor of an unknown frequency
that has purposes that are unknown.
This is essentially a high technology microwave guide.
Perhaps pitchblende or raw Uranium was placed under the bell jar
and microwaves were generated to be picked up with resonating
devices.
What on Earth is a pre industrial civilization doing with an
obvious form of high technology?
Also: the language inscription shows the indications of the
unknown universal ancient language.
If you have a metal shop turning widgets on a lathe then you
obviously have the knowledge of the wheel. If you have metal and
the wheel then you have just about everything in industrial

57.
society. Who were the machinists selling these mass market bells
in an ancient universal global economy?
Chapter 4
The Novel Hominid Forms
Not from the Apes
The text books in anthropology are being re­written right now
as we speak. It used to be that modern humans emerged out of
nothing recently. Homo sapiens sapiens ancestry tree goes all the
way back fully formed as hominids in to antiquity never having
anything to do with apes. The other hominid forms also have been
found to have deep ancestry roots. What also is happening is that
the DNA landscape is being roughed out to the precise family tree
of humanity.
Present Day Cryptid Hominid
The Bigfoot DNA
Here is the deal: if you discover something then that’s it –
done deal. Bigfoot is ubiquitous to UFOs and Conspiracy theories,
but recently some DNA tests have returned that seem to indicate
that a modern hominid survives to this day in remote regions of
the world. There are more remote areas of the world than
populated cities so it makes the possibility of an interesting novel
form to study and consider very tantalizing.

58.
'Bigfoot' Is Part Human, DNA Study Claims
Discovery News Online
Dec 13, 2012 03:00 AM ET
“Genetic testing confirms the legendary Bigfoot is a human
relative that arose some 15,000 years ago ­­ at least
according to a press release issued by a company called
DNA Diagnostics detailing supposed work by a Texas
veterinarian.”
“The release and alleged study by Melba S. Ketchum also
suggests such cryptids had sex with modern human
females that resulted in hairy hominid hybrids, but the
scientific community is dubious about her claim.”
"A team of scientists can verify that their five­year long
DNA study, currently under peer­review, confirms the
existence of a novel hominin hybrid species, commonly
called 'Bigfoot' or 'Sasquatch,' living in North America," the
release reads. "Researchers' extensive DNA sequencing
suggests that the legendary Sasquatch is a human relative
that arose approximately 15,000 years ago."
Oddly there is a socio­political opposition to an alternative
hominid that walks the forests of the world. As the alternative
hominid evidence gets more modern the opposition seems to get
more intense.
There are people testing populations of humans and finding
Bigfoot markers indicating that the so called slow­evolution­in
­time theory is partially incorrect in the fact that people appear to
be evolving now especially with the novel genes being found.

59.
The Starchild Project
Figure 15. In this photo: The Starchild Project skull that does
not show any similarities to Homo sapiens in the least; yet is a
very recent hominid. (iStockPhoto).
A 900 year old carbon 14 dated skull has been researched.
There are no brow ridges, and the inner ears are twice as large as a
human. The Genetics do not match any other life form on earth.
The hominid appears to be among one of the most recent novel
forms discovered. A current foundation has been organized to
research the entire genome of the individual.
(Starchildproject.com)
The findings indicate a peculiar mixture of calcium to
phosphorous as compared to a human. The skeleton has been
compared to more like that of teeth enamel. That is not the only
interesting thing about the skeleton. The skeleton has fibers
mixed in with the matrix of the bone material.
Recently a researcher has confirmed another specimen of this
type in South America, thus bringing the world’s understanding to
two known specimens, and possibly more. It begs the question if
there are currently living unknown hominids walking the earth.

60.
The Sealand Skull
Figure 16. The Olstykke skull has been carbon dated to the
1200s and baffles attempts to categorize it with concepts of the
phylogenetic tree of known hominids. (Photo Credit: Anton
Spangenberg).
In July of 2007 a skull was found. While excavating for a
drain pipe at a house that had belonged to a horse butcher. A
peculiar find was unearthed. From what at first appeared as horse
bones was revealed to be something different. A skull now in the
public domain was found in the Danish town of Olstykke and
investigated.
In 2008 a Veterinarian School in Copenhagen merely
concluded that “Although resembling a mammal, certain features
make it impossible to fit the animal into Linnaean taxonomy”.

61.
Later Carbon 14 dating, at the Niels Bohr Institute in
Copenhagen, had shown that the being lived between 1200 and
1280 AD. Further digging at the site did not uncover any other
remains.
Only unrelated Neolithic tools were found at the site. It has
now been shown that the skull must have been buried after 1900
for only a few decades at the site.
The skull made headlines in 2010 where it remains a mystery
to this day. It is simply known from the island that it was
discovered.
Neanderthal man
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
Figure 17. In This Photo: Neanderthal buried in unknown
religious context, perhaps the earliest religious belief system
noted.

62.
Our closest hominid form with no contention is the
Neanderthals. About 30,000 years ago our species was living with
them. They can be found in our genomes.
The genes suggest that hair, and eye color and various forms
of metabolism come from the Neanderthal genome.
They were using stone tools before our species and apparently
had rudimentary forms of religion that are still part of the human
psyche.
NATURE
Published online 29 January 2014
The genomic landscape of Neanderthal ancestry in
present­day humans
“Genomic studies have shown that Neanderthals interbred
with modern humans, and that non­Africans today are the
products of this mixture”…”The antiquity of Neanderthal
gene flow into modern humans means that genomic
regions that derive from Neanderthals in any one human
today are usually less than a hundred kilobases in size.
However, Neanderthal haplotypes are also distinctive
enough that several studies have been able to detect
Neanderthal ancestry at specific loci”…”.We systematically
infer Neanderthal haplotypes in the genomes of 1,004
present­day humans. Regions that harbour a high
frequency of Neanderthal alleles are enriched for genes
affecting keratin filaments, suggesting that Neanderthal
alleles may have helped modern humans to adapt to
non­African environments.”

63.
The Neanderthal genome is being studied because it is closer
in relation to us that the chimpanzee or the Binobo.
The Hobbit Novel Form
Homo floresiensis
There has to be a way to work this in a book, and to a
discussion of these theories – The Hobbits. The cover of the
dissertation could be a Hobbit – think of the possibilities. It is not
just that there has been literature, and motion picture films made
of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Hobbit characters but that the descriptions of
the characters are so well done that of course when there was a
novel hominid form found – it was only a matter of time before
they would be compared. I have to bring up the Hobbits.
On the island of Flores in Indonesia, there have been found
700,000 thousand year old complex Neolithic tools where the
conventional wisdom of such tools is 12,000 years old at the most.
Finding of such tool kits in deposits of that antiquity would
eventually get the attention of researchers in it for the long haul.
In a dark and cold cave 17 meters below the surface an
excavation revealed the first skeleton of a female form. The form
was a pre human being that walked on two legs.
12 other individuals were eventually found. The skeletons
were found to be thousands of years apart.
Specimens Lb1, and Lb2 had brain cases 1/3 the size of
modern Homo species yet used stone tools. The dating by
luminous methods indicates 30,000 years ago.
Radiocarbon dating suggests 18,000 years ago lasting to
about 10,000 years old with a total range of between 95,000 ­
10,000 years.

64.
The teeth indicate a new species based upon the sizing of
premolars. The Trapezoid wrist bone suggests a new species. The
wrist bone that was found is found in human type species, and
was primitive in earlier hominids. Therefore: the skeletal evidence
suggests a new species.
Science
8 April 2005:
Vol. 308 no. 5719 pp. 242­245
Published Online March 3 2005
REPORT
The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis
“The brain of Homo floresiensis was assessed by
comparing a virtual endocast from the type specimen (LB1)
with endocasts from great apes, Homo erectus, Homo
sapiens, a human pygmy, a human microcephalic,
specimen number Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus), and
specimen number WT 17000 (Paranthropus aethiopicus).
Morphometric, allometric, and shape data indicate that LB1
is not a microcephalic or pygmy. LB1's brain/body size ratio
scales like that of an australopithecine, but its endocast
shape resembles that of Homo erectus. LB1 has derived
frontal and temporal lobes and a lunate sulcus in a derived
position, which are consistent with capabilities for higher
cognitive processing.”
These findings suggest: Descendants from Australopithecus,
were stranded on the islands. A large amount of history of earlier

65.
out of Africa type conditions must have existed. There must have
been a hidden Asian lineage out of Africa earlier than previously
thought. The Hobbits are presenting quite a rewriting of history in
the area of “out­of­Africa­early” scenarios.
Unknown Hominid In Our Genome
Denisova hominin
Approximately 41,000 years ago a hominid became fixed in
the Homo sapiens sapiens genome. A gene study was done on an
isolate from of a single finger bone fragment.
NATURE
Published online 22 December 2010
Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from
Denisova Cave in Siberia
“Using DNA extracted from a finger bone found in
Denisova Cave in southern Siberia, we have sequenced
the genome of an archaic hominin to about 1.9­fold
coverage. This individual is from a group that shares a
common origin with Neanderthals. This population was not
involved in the putative gene flow from Neanderthals into
Eurasians; however, the data suggest that it contributed
4–6% of its genetic material to the genomes of present­day
Melanesians. We designate this hominin population
‘Denisovans’ and suggest that it may have been
widespread in Asia during the Late Pleistocene epoch. “
Current genetic testing can reveal how much Denisovan a
person really is by comparing the genes.

66.
The mystery million year old modern Homo footprint
makers
Homo naledi
There is a newly discovered hominid species in the Genus
Homo that has been found to be millions of years old. This find
contains a site that has a mass grave where there are various
members of the same species found.
National Geographic
Published Online September 10 2015
(http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910­h
uman­evolution­change/)
“​A trove of bones hidden deep within a South African cave
represents a new species of human ancestor, scientists
announced Thursday in the ​journal eLife​. Homo naledi, as
they call it, appears very primitive in some respects—it had
a tiny brain, for instance, and apelike shoulders for
climbing. But in other ways it looks remarkably like modern
humans.​”
Not only does it separate humans from the other lines of apes
but the Genus stretches farther back in to antiquity than
previously thought. The human family tree doesn’t look so
confused after the discovery of these finds. Modern tool using
Genus Homo species stretch back millions of years fully formed
and ready to go.

67.
This matches up to the numerous footprints dated to that
time period where no one had any idea what was causing them.
Imagine finding footprints and no basis to a claim they came from
a human ancestor.
“Ancient footprints found at Rutgers’s Koobi Fora Field
School show that some of the earliest humans walked like
us and did so on anatomically modern feet 1.5 million
years ago” (physorg.com, 2009).
There are now tools, footprints and bones from the genus
Homo going to millions of years ago. This completely changes
everything that was thought of in anthropology so completely that
every text book ever written is now completely obsolete.
There is now a straight line of human ancestors going back
directly millions of years that never intersect with any apes
whatsoever. The apes also have a straight line in their ancestry
going back millions of years. None of the many branches in the
tree of apes and humans ever intersect whatsoever.
Mystery Homo Hominid
1.8 Million Years Ago
A recent published report has indicated that two species lived
side by side and that they were wildly different in appearances. It
could have been that not only did two species live in the same
location but that two Genus lines existed in the same location.

68.
1.8­million­year­old skull gives glimpse of our
evolution
Borenstein Washington Post
AP
October 17, 2013
“…The discovery eight years ago of a 1.8­million­year­old
skull of a human ancestor buried under a medieval
Georgian village indicates our family tree may have fewer
branches than some believe, scientists say.”
“The skull, along with other partial remains previously
found at the rural site, offers a glimpse of a population of
pre­humans of various sizes living at the same time —
something that scientist had not seen before in such an
ancient era.”
In the primary source article we get more of the story. I
tracked the source down:

69.
Science 18 October 2013:
Vol. 342 no. 6156 pp. 297­298
DOI: 10.1126/science.342.6156.297
NEWS & ANALYSIS
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY
Stunning Skull Gives a Fresh Portrait of Early Humans
Ann Gibbons
“An iconic new skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, dated to 1.8
million years ago, presents a new face for our genus
Homo. The stunningly complete skull of an adult man has a
surprisingly primitive, protruding upper jaw, and a tiny
braincase. Combined with skulls found earlier at Dmanisi, it
suggests that ancient people from the same time and place
could look quite different from each other.”
A New Precursor to the Genus Homo
The New Leakey Discoveries
Precursors to the genus Homo are showing that the more ape
like line of the other lines may be more distantly related than
thought.

70.
New Face Added to Humankind's Family Tree
Lisa Krause
National Geographic News
(March 21, 2001)
“ On the western shore of Kenya's Lake Turkana, a team
headed by Meave Leakey and supported by the National
Geographic Society has discovered the 3.5 million­year­old
fossil remains of Kenyanthropus platyops, which is most
likely a completely new genus and species of early human
ancestor.”
The Leakeys have defined a possible new Genus never
described in literature until now. True to form they have made
huge advances.
The New Australopithecus Discoveries
While pieces of the puzzle are forming for the Genus Homo,
and new Genus description, the Genus Australopithecus shows
new discoveries and that it has not been so cut and dry or simple
as once thought.

71.
Science 23 April 1999:
Vol. 284 no. 5414 pp. 572­573
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5414.572
A New Human Ancestor?
Elizabeth Culotta
“Hominid fossils found in Ethiopia, described in a pair of
papers beginning on page 625, are starting to fill in a
mysterious chapter of human prehistory. According to the
international team that made the discoveries, one new find,
a big­toothed skull, represents an unusual new species
that is the best candidate for the ancestor of our own
genus, Homo. Not everyone in the field agrees, but the
new species, which the researchers have named
Australopithecus garhi, is certain to shake up views of the
transition from the ape like australopithecines to
humankind. The team also found hominid leg and arm
bones, as well as scored antelope bones that represent the
earliest recorded evidence of hominids butchering animals,
bolstering the notion that meat eating was important in
human evolution.”
The LCA 4 Million Years AGO
As interesting as the discussions of Lucy are, and that there
have been efforts to find fossils at the date of Lucy, the new
findings are fast surpassing the Lucy discussions. There appears
to be a characteristic species going back as far back as Lucy and
beyond.

72.
Before Lucy Came Ardi, New Earliest Human
Ancestor Found
October 1, 2009
RANDOLPH E. SCHMID,
AP Science Writer
“The story of humankind is reaching back another million
years with the discovery of "Ardi," a hominid who lived 4.4
million years ago in what is now Ethiopia.”
“The 110­pound, 4­foot female roamed forests a million
years before the famous Lucy, long studied as the earliest
skeleton of a human ancestor.”
“This older skeleton reverses the common wisdom of
human evolution, said anthropologist C. Owen Lovejoy of
Kent State University.”
“Rather than humans evolving from an ancient chimp­like
creature, the new find provides evidence that chimps and
humans evolved from some long­ago common
ancestor—but each evolved and changed separately along
the way.”
“…"This is not that common ancestor, but it's the closest
we have ever been able to come," said Tim White, director
of the Human Evolution Research Center at the University
of California, Berkeley.”
“The lines that evolved into modern humans and living
apes probably shared an ancestor 6 million to 7 million
years ago, White said in a telephone interview.”

73.
“But Ardi has many traits that do not appear in modern­day
African apes, leading to the conclusion that the apes
evolved extensively since we shared that last common
ancestor.”
“Formally dubbed Ardipithecus ramidus—which means root
of the ground ape—the find is detailed in 11 research
papers published Thursday by the journal Science.”
“…"This is one of the most important discoveries for the
study of human evolution," said David Pilbeam, curator of
paleoanthropology at Harvard's Peabody Museum of
Archaeology and Ethnology.”
“…"It is relatively complete in that it preserves head,
hands, feet and some critical parts in between. It
represents a genus plausibly ancestral to
Australopithecus—itself ancestral to our genus Homo,"
said Pilbeam, who was not part of the research teams.”
“Scientists assembled the skeleton from 125 pieces.”
“Lucy, also found in Africa, thrived a million years after Ardi
and was of the more human­like genus Australopithecus.”
“…"In Ardipithecus we have an unspecialized form that
hasn't evolved very far in the direction of Australopithecus.
So when you go from head to toe, you're seeing a mosaic
creature that is neither chimpanzee, nor is it human. It is
Ardipithecus," said White.”
“White noted that Charles Darwin, whose research in the
19th century paved the way for the science of evolution,
was cautious about the last common ancestor between
humans and apes.”

74.
“…"Darwin said we have to be really careful. The only way
we're really going to know what this last common ancestor
looked like is to go and find it. Well, at 4.4 million years ago
we found something pretty close to it," White said. "And,
just like Darwin appreciated, evolution of the ape lineages
and the human lineage has been going on independently
since the time those lines split, since that last common
ancestor we shared."…”
The LCA, or last common ancestor has been the holy grail for
researchers. What needs to be found is that one definitive skeleton
that really draws the picture. But like finding the vertex of a
parabola, the way to finding it is to get closer and closer the line
with an equation until you find the point close enough to finally
call it.
The Genus Homo
Not from the Apes
The myriad of hominid forms that exist in the fossil record
may not be a ladder neatly leading up to the Genus Homo forms,
but they may have coexisted with them never to have been
involved at all. What is going on is that there are starting to be
discoveries indicating that the Genus Homo is intelligent and that
it may go all the way back fully formed. It appears that the Homo
Genus may go all of the way back to antiquity unknown, and it
may be the case that we never acted or looked like primates.
The Genus Homo from the beginning shows intelligence,
upright walking, and tool use at the same time as the so called
Lucy skeleton. There are indications of a new species different
from the so called Lucy lineage. In fact most people, who still talk
about the Lucy skeleton, are actually now millions of years off.

75.
There has been a more human like skeleton predating Lucy by at
least 1 million years.
There have also been finds suggesting an early migration out
of Africa. What may be the case is that an entire discipline may
emerge just in the Genus itself of Homo. There are entire new
Genus discussions brought about by the new findings that indicate
that the Genus Homo came about in as yet to be discovered new
ways.
The actual picture of the hominid forms is a bit complex as we
get little indications of what went on in the ancestry tree. There
are so many discoveries, that fossils have not been placed in the
phylogenetic tree at the antiquities discussed as yet. What is being
discovered in a quiet revolution is extraordinary.
In conclusion: the Genus Homo goes back into the millions of
years fully modern with pieces of the puzzle being found for the
last common ancestor and to the tree in which the hominids fit at
the Genus level. There are ancestors to Australopithecus
discovered, and at least one new Genus discovered by the Leakey’s
which bring about a newer picture of human evolution. The new
picture is not comfortable nor are the recent discoveries expected.
The new discoveries in fact rewrite the concept of the family tree
in human development. The human ancestry tree now shows that
the new discoveries have raised more questions than they have
solved. What used to be a ladder of apes going into humans now
shows separate branches going farther back as separate species in
separate Genus lineages where apes never intersect with humans
at all.

76.
References
University, R. “1.5 million­year­old fossil humans walked on modern feet.”
Retrieved June 10, 2009. http://www.phys.org