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Cp module
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO CHILD PROTECTION WHAT DTM ENUMERATORS SHOULD KNOW Turkey/Antalya October 17-18 2018
- 2. Part 1 Introduction to Child Protection CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 3. Learning objectives • Work together using a common definition of “child”. • Explain different ways in which emergencies and migration can undermine the protection of children. • Define Child Protection in Emergency (CPiE). • In your context, articulate the impact of emergencies and/or migration on child protection. CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 4. Who is a Child? • Childhood is understood in different ways around the world. For example, some cultures define adulthood not by age, but by the onset of puberty. • How is childhood defined in your culture? Is it only age, or also social roles? • How can this be different in other cultures? • UN Convention on the rights of the child defines a child as: “Every person below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier” CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 5. Child Rights Right to leisure, play & culture Right to health care Freedom of religion Freedom of expression Social security Right to information Freedom of association Opinion Registration, name, nationality Survival & development Preservation of identity Parental guidance Right to live with their parents Right to Education … CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 6. “The prevention and response to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence against children” – Child Protection Area of Responsibility “ What is Child Protection? Abuse Neglect Exploitation Violence Deliberate act of ill treatment can harm or cause harm to a child’s safety, well-being, dignity and development All forms of physical, sexual, psychological or emotional ill treatment Deliberately (or through carelessness or negligence) failing to provide/secure child’s rights to physical safety and development Use of children for someone else’s advantage, gratification or profit resulting in unjust, cruel and harmful treatment All forms of physical or mental violence, injury and abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse
- 7. Exploitation Emotional Abuse Sexual Abuse Quiz: Which type of child abuse is it? Asking pupils to clean their teachers’ personal living quarters for good grades. Hitting a child that has misbehaved Repeatedly shaming a child who is not doing well in school Giving a child alcohol or illegal drugs Keeping a child isolated – away from social interaction Forcing a child to beg for money or sell small items (like tissues) to people on the street. Physical Abuse Neglect Leaving a small child at home alone all day because his parents are at work. Threatening to, or touching a child in a sexual manner Child Marriage CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 8. The Protective Environment How do specialized actors engage? CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 9. Risks faced by children in emergency and unsafe-migration contexts Abuse, neglect Child labour Sexual Violence No access to services Child recruitment Family separation No documentation Detention Smuggling, trafficking No Psychosocial wellbeing UXO/ERW… … CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 10. Added vulnerabilities Child Parent Child carer Teenage pregnancy Disabilities Medical condition UASC Aggravating factors that increase child vulnerability… CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 11. Understanding Power – Power Walk 1. You are assigned to a new role ! But don’t tell anyone who you are yet. 2. Line up along the line. Everyone is in the same line. 3. Facilitator will read statements and if you think you can say “yes” to the statement as your new role, move one step forward.
- 12. In groups of 5, list how girls and boys of different age groups may face different risks • Girls and boys 0-5 years • Girls and boys 6-10 years • Girls and boys 11-17 years
- 13. What is Child Protection in Emergencies? CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 14. The Minimum Standards to Address Child Protection Needs CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 15. Quiz: Which Standard does each of these risks fall under? CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 16. Key messages • Definition of a child: every person below 18 years • Children have rights and are entitled to protection and assistance. • CP is the prevention and response to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence against children. • Emergencies and unsafe migration may exacerbate child protection risks, present new risks and threats, and undermine existing protection mechanisms. • Emergencies affect people differently depending on their age, sex, wealth, and other factors affecting their vulnerability. CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 17. Part 2 DTM and Child Protection CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 18. DTM and CP Learning objectives • Become familiar with CP related questions and key definitions • Understand how to avoid doing harm to children CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 19. DTM and CP Questions: Definitions Game Terms 1. Child-headed household 2. Unaccompanied child 3. Traditional harmful practices 4. Risks of VIOLENCE that can lead to death or injury 5. Child Labour 6. Psychosocial Support Definitions A. Activities to help individuals and communities to heal the psychological wounds and rebuild social structures after an emergency or a critical event (includes counselling, child friendly spaces, case management). B. May include honour crimes, bride kidnapping, forced and early marriage, stoning or flogging of females, selective sex- abortions (female infanticide), acid attacks, denying wife inheritance. C.Children involved in type of harmful work that prevents them from going to school and/or puts their health/safety at risk. D. A household with adults who are unable to be the primary caretakers/livelihoods generators for the household, and in which a child under the age of 18 assumes this responsibility. E. Acts of physical force by a person (or group), intended to hurt, damage, or kill another person (or group) F. A child (under 18 years) who is living with no mother, no father or any other adult relative members
- 20. DTM and CP Do No Harm Protection Principle #1 (of 4): Avoid exposing people to harm as a result of your actions. • Can you think of ways that we could accidentally do harm to a child? Remember: Code of Conduct Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers
- 21. What is the potential harm that could result from the following actions? • Interviewing a child without training • Speaking/behaving in an unprofessional manner around children • Violating a child’s privacy (example: posting pictures of a child on the internet without parental consent). • Searching for (asking people) about protection incidents that may have occurred • Breaking confidentiality (telling someone without permission) about a disclosed protection incident • Sharing sensitive information with people outside of the DTM DTM and CP Do No Harm CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 22. Interviewing Children • DTM enumerators should not interview children unless specifically told to do so by your DTM Coordinator. • Why? • Conflicting principles: Child Participation vs Do no harm • Children in emergencies and unsafe migration contexts are already experiencing stress. Without proper training, staff could increase psychological distress Exceptions: - Registration of UASC - FMS with unaccompanied children DTM and CP Do No Harm (Cont’) Do not interview children under 14 years CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 23. Part 3 Examples of Child Protection Programmes in Turkey that are available to migrants CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
- 24. Child Protection Response Programmes in Turkey • Identification of unaccompanied and separated minors • Family tracing & reunification • Residential and alternative care • Social and economic support • Psychosocial support (including child friendly spaces) • Case management/social workers for children • Best interest determination – resettlement • Social inclusion
- 25. Questions? CHILD PROTECTION AND DTM
Editor's Notes
- Background: GBViE, Call to Action, IOM supported since 2014 to mainstream GBV in several sectors of assistance, including CCCM, shelter and DTM. Objective: Doing better a protection women and girls in emergencies. Global cooperation with the GBV AoR.
- Facilitate a conversation on ‘Who is a child?’ Further probes: what are the main characteristics of a child? Are these characteristics the same across regions, countries and continents? What determines the way communities define a child? Is such definition only related to age or also to social roles that a person may have to take on? 4 guiding principles of the CRC: Best interest Non-discrimination Participation Right to life, survival and development
- Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1959 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990
- Abuse: an illegal, improper, or harmful practice or maltreatment Child abuse: a deliberate act of ill treatment /an omission that can harm/is likely to cause harm to a child’s safety, well-being, dignity and development. Physical Abuse: Involves the use of violent physical force so as to cause actual or likely physical injury or suffering, e.g. Hitting, Shaking, Burning, Torture Emotional Abuse: Includes humiliating and degrading treatment, e.g. Bad name calling, Constant criticism, Belittling, Persistent shaming, Solitary confinement, Isolation. Sexual Abuse: Includes all forms of sexual violence, e.g.: Rape (by any perpetrator), Early and forced marriage, Sexual exploitation, Indecent touching and exposure, Using sexually explicit language towards a child , Showing children pornographic material. Exploitation: child labour, one of the worst forms of which is sexual exploitation Violence: All forms of physical or mental violence, injury and abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse Is it Abuse? Abuse rarely fits clearly into just one of the five categories. In deciding whether an action is abusive look at the possibility that the action will cause harm not whether the intention was for the action to cause harm To understand a situation more information may be needed. Possible Perpetrators: adults are in a position of power over children (this includes relatives, teachers, leaders and agency staff).
- QUIZ: Hitting a child that has misbehaved Leaving a small child at home alone all day because his parents are at work Repeatedly shaming a child who is not doing well in school Keeping a child isolated – away from social interaction Asking pupils to clean their teachers’ personal living quarters for good grades Giving a child alcohol or illegal drugs Forcing a child to beg for money or sell small items (like tissues) to people on the street Threatening to, or touching a child in a sexual manner Child marriage Your own attitudes and experiences can influence your assessments and you must be aware of this. Justification for Child Marriage: Child Marriage is the marriage of anyone under the age of 18. Marriage is always a form of child abuse and it is a human rights issue, as recognized by the UN Human Rights Council. It is seen as forced because a child under 18 is seen as been unable to give full consent. CAN BE USED AS A COPING MECHANISM Why is it abuse? Sexual abuse: Forced to have sex Physical abuse: Bodies not mature enough to carry/deliver children Emotional abuse: Children facing child marriage are often pressured to do so by their families/communities Neglect: Married girls rarely enrol in school Exploitation: Pressuring/forcing marriage for dowries or to strengthen family ties Child brides are more vulnerable to abuse – can’t get away. Mental illness is more common in child brides due to their experience of physical or sexual violence and emotional abuse Lack of education and empowerment also mean girls are less able to advocate for the well-being of their own children. The children of child brides have higher mortality rates, worse nutritional outcomes, and tend to be less educated.
- The rings denote who is responsible for realizing children’s protection rights (duty-bearers, including children themselves). The ultimate responsibility for protection of citizens is with the Government of the country, however we all have a roll to play. The international community bridge capacity gaps of duty-bearers to enhance their capacity to protect children.
- Emergencies and Migration.. Vulnerabilities might increase during the journey due to lack of access to services, gaps in child protection systems and lack of coordination in the referral mechanisms; Migrant children might travel alone, with unrelated adults or with family members; They might become unaccompanied and/or separated during the journey and/or after the arrival in the host country; Migrant children are exposed to risk of violence, abuse and/or exploitation, immigration detention and trafficking, during all phases of the migratory route.
- UASC: Unaccompanied and separated children
- Optional – when there are enough space. Read the facilitator’s note 30 minutes
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEaNwDtQRwI
- In plenary, ask participants to come up with examples of risks for each standard. Standard 7 Dangers and injuries. Unintentional, from hazards such as: water (drowning), cars (traffic accidents), exposed wiring (electrocution), dangerous construction (cuts, broken bones), open pits, wild animals, fires, sharp objects etc. Standard 8 Physical violence and other harmful practices: “Harmful practices” includes cultural traditional practices like female genital mutilation, female child marriage, adolescent boy circumcision etc. Standard 11 Children Associated with armed groups: “Association” includes more than just soldiers. Also includes people cooking, cleaning etc. Standard 12: Child labour: Defined as type of work that prevents children from going to school and/or puts their health or safety at risk. Examples: Sexual transactions, Farm work/herding animals, Factory work, Mining, Domestic labor, Transporting people or goods, Begging, Work associated with armed groups, Other harsh and dangerous labor
- Standard 11: Children associated with armed groups Standard 7: Dangers and injuries and/or Standard 12: Child labour Standard 10: Psychological distress and mental disorders Standard 13: Unaccompanied and separated children and Standard 7: Dangers and injuries (they are walking on the train track)
- Can be modified based on the terms that appear in the forms. Note: Child-headed household WITH ADULTS (so that the number is not double-counted with unaccompanied minors)
- Discuss in plenary 4 Protection Principles: Do no harm Access to impartial assistance (based on need and without discrimination) Protect people from psychological and physical harm arising from violence or coercion Assist people to claim their rights, access available remedies and recover from effects of abuse
- Examples of how we can do harm: Violating a child’s privacy could lead to them being shamed/humiliated, targeted by Government or other groups wanting to punish them or expel them from a country etc). Breaking confidentiality shamed, expelled from their family/community, abused for disclosing an incident, punished for breaking cultural norms (even if they are a survivor/victim, such as survivors of rape being accused of adultery). It may also put YOU (the enumerator) at risk. Sharing sensitive information (example: location of unaccompanied children, could result in human traffickers finding them. Locations of armed groups could result in IOM facing access issues)
- Never interview children below 14 years. Adapt this slide based on the process developed by country office. exceptions to local context/policy