Towards the Digital Archive – Challenges and Best Practice: A Look at Digitization Practices, Standards, and Methodology at the National Library of Israel
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Chezkie Kasnett Digital Projects Manager, The National Library of Israel, Jerusalem The National Library of Israel holds vast collections of textual print and audiovisual source material. In today’s digital era, one of our main challenges is making these collections available to the public digitally. This not only serves the interest of the public, but our interests as well. A digitization operation must grapple with numerous challenges and considerations including legal issues, the physical state of the material, digital need and long-term preservation to name but a few. A successful approach to a digitization operation must provide an efficient methodology to deal with these challenges.
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Towards the Digital Archive – Challenges and Best Practice: A Look at Digitization Practices, Standards, and Methodology at the National Library of Israel
- 1. The Digital Archive Challenges & Best Practice Axiell Conference 05/05/2017
- 3. So why are some people afraid of digitization? • Fear of change • Fear of irrelevancy of original material • Fear of lack of need The OPPOSITE holds true: Digitization: INCREASES awareness INCREASES need INCREASES relevancy Who moved my cheese?
- 4. What we do….. • We’re a national library…. • Many types of material • Many sizes of material • Many different projects • Thousands of scans a day
- 5. The 6 Considerations ……. • What is your objective? • What is the material scope? • Condition of the source material • How will the material be used? • Who is your audience? • Do you require LTDP?
- 6. What exactly are we digitizing?
- 7. What exactly are we preserving? DATA
- 8. To accomplish this…. • Standards • Methodology • Workflow PRINT MATERIAL Source Material to Digital File / Microfilm to Digital File Standards for Digital Image Capture Material Type News Papers Manuscripts Books / Documents Jacket Maps Photographs Master / Preservation Images Target File Bi-Tonal Greyscale Color Greyscale Color Bi-Tonal Greyscale Color Color Greyscale Color Color Color Format TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF TIFF Resolution/DPI 300/400 300/400 400-600 300 400-600 300 300 400 300 400 600 600 600 Bit Depth 1-bit 8-bit 24-bit 8-bit 24-bit 1-bit 8-bit 24-bit 24-bit 8-bit 24-bit 24-bit 48-bit Compression None None None None None None None None None None None None None Color Mode - - RGB - RGB - - RGB RGB - RGB RGB RGB Criteria standard Tabloid, magazine standard standard If w images standard standard When high quality required Secondary / Production Images Format TIFF/JPEG2K/ JPEG TIFF/JPEG2K/ JPEG TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K/ JPEG TIFF/JPEG2K/ JPEG TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2K TIFF/JPEG2 K Resolution 300 DPI 300 DPI 400 DPI 300 DPI 400-600 DPI 300 DPI 300 DPI 400 DPI 300 DPI 400 DPI 400 DPI 600 DPI 600DPI Compression LZW/ CCITT-4 LZW/ LZW/ LZW/ CCITT-4 LZW/ Image Processing De-skew De-speckle Crop to edge De-Skew De-Speckle Crop De-Skew De-Speckle Crop De-Skew De-Speckle Crop De-Skew Crop Presentation / Access Images Format JPEG/PDF JPEG/PDF JPEG/PDF JPEG JPEG JPEG/PDF JPEG/PDF JPEG/PDF JPEG/PDF JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG Size Thumbnail Images Format JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG JPEG Size 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך 150x150 בהתאם או לצורך
- 9. What we do….. Preservation Master Derivative Master Derivative Access DAMS LTDP TIFF Single page no compression 300 + dpi TIFF Single page no compression 300 + dpi CROPPED JPEG As required
- 10. Digitization… What does it mean? Analog • = 1 book (250 pages) • = generally 1 metadata (catalog) record • = 2 items
- 11. Digitization… What does it mean? Digital • = 250 preservation master files • = (250 derivative master files) • = 250 JPEG access files • = 1 metadata (catalog) record • = 1 DAMS record • = at least (502) 752 items
- 12. Digitization… What does it mean? =DAMS!
- 13. Digitization… What does it mean? Storage - Costs of 1 GB $438,0001980 $105,0001985 $11,0001990 $112000 $12005 $0.12012 $0.032014 FREE – Google 15 GB2016
- 14. Project # 1 Project # 2 Digitize 100,000 pages Digitize 100,000 pages 6 months $80,000 14 months $120,000 What’s in a name?
- 17. 001.Tiff 002.Tiff 189.Tiff Project # 1 Project # 2 Digitize 100,000 pages Digitize 100,000 pages 6 months $80,000 14 months $120,000 GF_0015-01_001_0001.Tiff GF_0015-01_001_0002.Tiff GF_165-02_005_0189.Tiff
- 18. What exactly IS digital preservation? Long-term Digital Preservation (LTDP)
- 19. Backup LTDP May 05 2017 2035May 04 2017
- 20. Digital Preservation: - Technological dependence - Proprietary software dependence - Technological obsolescence (= questionable longevity) - hardware - software - media - formats “Long-term” Digital Preservation = an Oxymoron? = THREATS
- 21. Approach to LTDP - Adopt internationally accepted strategy - Framework (OAIS, PREMIS) - Methodology - Best practice and Standards (of digitization, metadata) - CONTINUITY - Assess Threats - Implement an LTDP System (Risk assessment and consequent actions)
- 22. LTDP System - NLI implemented the ExLibris Rosetta System - Deep storage of digital material - Based on OAIS / PREMIS - Periodic migration of file formats – CONTINUITY - On-demand - Early - Late - Ensures bit level integrity - Constant risk assessment, timely risk resolving actions
- 23. Food for Thought: Define ”Long-Term”? At some point down the road… will someone be “digitizing” it all over again?! Answer: YES!!!!!! But WHY???
Editor's Notes
- Towards the Digital Archive – Challenges and Best Practice A look at digitization practices, standards, and methodology at the National Library of Israel
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- Material types, PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Open Archival Information System
- ברגע שטקסט הוא דאטה, הטקסט נהיה האובייקט. (בעייתי – בגלל אי- דיוק של OCR?) פרויקטים דיגיטליים מייצרים תרבות חדשה של דאטה. ניתן לתרגם את הדאטה לצורות אחרות עבור שימוש שונה למטרות שונות הטכנולוגיה היא לא הנקודה. היום זה דיגיטיזציה. מחר זה יהיה משהו אחר. הטכנולוגיה היא רק נקודה בדרך
- ברגע שטקסט הוא דאטה, הטקסט נהיה האובייקט. (בעייתי – בגלל אי- דיוק של OCR?) פרויקטים דיגיטליים מייצרים תרבות חדשה של דאטה. ניתן לתרגם את הדאטה לצורות אחרות עבור שימוש שונה למטרות שונות הטכנולוגיה היא לא הנקודה. היום זה דיגיטיזציה. מחר זה יהיה משהו אחר. הטכנולוגיה היא רק נקודה בדרך
- ברגע שטקסט הוא דאטה, הטקסט נהיה האובייקט. (בעייתי – בגלל אי- דיוק של OCR?) פרויקטים דיגיטליים מייצרים תרבות חדשה של דאטה. ניתן לתרגם את הדאטה לצורות אחרות עבור שימוש שונה למטרות שונות הטכנולוגיה היא לא הנקודה. היום זה דיגיטיזציה. מחר זה יהיה משהו אחר. הטכנולוגיה היא רק נקודה בדרך
- ברגע שטקסט הוא דאטה, הטקסט נהיה האובייקט. (בעייתי – בגלל אי- דיוק של OCR?) פרויקטים דיגיטליים מייצרים תרבות חדשה של דאטה. ניתן לתרגם את הדאטה לצורות אחרות עבור שימוש שונה למטרות שונות הטכנולוגיה היא לא הנקודה. היום זה דיגיטיזציה. מחר זה יהיה משהו אחר. הטכנולוגיה היא רק נקודה בדרך
- LTDP is NOT an oxymoron when implemented properly. A successful digital preservation strategy must account for and mitigate the impact of various threats to the accessibility and usability of digital materials over time So by adopting the above, we don’t necessarily GUARANTEE that our material today will be available in the future, we can be fairly certain that no matter where the future will take us, the material we have today will remain accessible to future generations
- OPEN ARCHIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM – A REFERENCE MODEL FOR LTDP Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) In Summary: It is understood that Digital Content, with all of its challenges and disadvantages, still outweighs analog preservation in terms of the advantages it offers