reading guide for chapter 21 of the western heritage by donald kagen

1. Answer the ques
ti
on or de
fi
ne the term for each:
THE COLD WAR ERA, DECOLONIZATION, AND THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW EUROPE
THE EMERGENCE OF THE COLD WAR
1. What were the supposed causeS (plural) of the Cold War?
2. How did Britain “pass the torch” to the United States?
3. What did the United States and the Soviet Union believe each na
ti
on was trying to
do to the other?
American fears –
Soviet fears –
CONTAINMENT IN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
4. What were the four major consequence of the U.S. policy of containment?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5. Why did the United States enact the Marshall Plan?
SOVIET DOMINATION OF EASTERN EUROPE
6. How did Stalin and the Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe?
7. What made communism in Yugoslavia unique?
THE POSTWAR DIVISION OF GERMANY
8. How did disagreements over Germany lead to the Berlin Blockade?
NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
9. What impact did the crea
ti
on of NATO have on the United States AND
Europe?
UNIT IX – THE LONG PEACE
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR – PG. 604 - 619
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
PEOPLE TO KNOW
• Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)
• Harry Truman (1884-1972)
• Nikita Khrushchev (1984-1971)
• John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982)
KEY EVENTS
1945-1991 – The Cold War
1946 – Iron Curtain descends
1947 – Truman Doctrine est.
1947 – Marshall Plan enacted
1948 – Berlin Airli
ft
1948 – Israel is created
1949 – NATO is created
1950-1953 – Korean War
1953 – Stalin dies
1955 – Warsaw Pact is created
1956
Feb – Khrushchev become leader of
Soviet Union
Oct – Suez Crisis
1957 – Sputnik is launched
1961 – Berlin Wall is constructed
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis
1968 – Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
TERMS TO KNOW
• Cold War
• iron curtain
• containment
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Cominform
• Berlin Blockade/Airli
ft
• NATO/Warsaw Pact
• Sputnik
• Berlin Wall
• Brezhnev Doctrine
• détente

2. THE CREATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL
10. Why were Europeans interested in crea
ti
ng a Jewish state AND why were s
ti
ll interested in the state a
ft
er its
crea
ti
on?
THE KOREAN WAR
THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA IN THE SOVIET UNION
KHRUSHCHEV’S DOMESTIC POLICIES
11. How was Khrushchev’s leadership style di
ff
erent than Stalin’s?
12. How did Khrushchev’s policies mark a drama
ti
c shi
ft
in Soviet policy beginning in 1956?
THE THREE CRISIS OF 1956
13. What two realiza
ti
ons came from the Suez Interven
ti
on?
1)
2)
14. What is geopoli
ti
cally demonstrated by the ac
ti
ons of the Soviet Union in Hungary?
LATER COLD WAR CONFRONTATIONS
THE BERLIN WALL
THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
15. What was the las
ti
ng results of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the Soviet Union?
THE BREZHNEV ERA
1968: THE INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
16. How are the Brezhnev Doctrine and the Truman Doctrine similar? How are they di
ff
erent
THE UNITED STATES AND DÉTENTE
17. Explain how the U.S. policy of détente emboldened the Soviet Union*?
THE INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
18. Why would the term “Soviet’s Vietnam” be appropriate in describing the Soviet’s invasion of Afghanistan?
COMMUNISM AND SOLIDARITY IN POLAND
RELATIONS WITH THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION
19. How was the U.S. proposed “Star Wars” program an example of economic warfare being used against the
Soviet Union?

3. Answer the ques
ti
on or de
fi
ne the term for each:
DECOLONIZATION: THE EUROPEAN RETREAT FROM EMPIRE
1. How did decoloniza
ti
on complicate the Cold War*?
MAJOR AREAS OF COLONIAL WITHDRAWAL
INDIA
2. What tac
ti
c does Gandhi use to help promote Indian na
ti
onalism?
3. What reoccurring factor plagued colonies a
ft
er decoloniza
ti
on (s
ti
ll a factor
today*)?
FURTHER BRITISH RETREAT FROM EMPIRE
4. How does African decoloniza
ti
on di
ff
er from Asian decoloniza
ti
on?
THE TURMOIL OF FRENCH DECOLONIZATION
5. Why was France do resistant to decoloniza
ti
on?
FRANCE AND ALGERIA
6. How did French ac
ti
ons/inac
ti
ons fuel Algerian na
ti
onalism?
7. How did Charles de Gaulle return to poli
ti
cs mark a major shi
ft
in French colonial
policy?
FRANCE AND VIETNAM
8. Why did the U.S. become interested in Vietnam?
VIETNAM DRAWN IN THE COLD WAR
DIRECT UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT
9. What impact did U.S. interven
ti
on in Vietnam have on Western Europe?
THE COLLAPSE OF EUROPEAN COMMUNISM
10. How was the Soviet Union’s collapse unique and unprecedented in modern European history?
GORBACHEV ATTEMPTS TO REFORM THE SOVIET UNION
11. How might Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika be considered a beginning victory for capitalism and the West?
12. How might Gorbachev’s policy of glasnost be seen as a full retreat from “Stalinism”?
1989: REVOLUTION IN EASTERN EUROPE
13. How are each of the following na
ti
ons engaged in “revolu
ti
onary” ac
ti
on?
Poland –
Hungary –
Germany –
Soviet Union –
UNIT IX – THE LONG PEACE
(DECOLONIZATION AND THE COLLAPSE OF EUROPEAN COMMUNISM – PG. 619 - 640
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
PEOPLE TO KNOW
• Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
• Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970)
• Ho Chi Minh (1892-1969)
• Mikhail Gorbachev (1931- )
• Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007)
• Slobodan Milosevic (1941-2006)
• Vladimir Pu
ti
n (1952- )
TERMS TO KNOW
• decoloniza
ti
on
• Vietnamiza
ti
on
• perestroika
• glasnost
• ethnic cleansing
• radical Islamism
• jihad

4. THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
14. Describe the three forces working against Gorbachev’s policies
1)
2)
3)
15. Describe the events that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
THE YELTSIN DECADE
16. Describe at least TWO major events the occurred during Yel
ti
n’s decade
in o
ffi
ce?
THE COLLAPSE OF YUGOSLAVIA AND CIVIL WAR
17. How might problems within Yugoslavia be compared to the former
Austrian Empire?
18. Why did war break out between Serbia and Croa
ti
a?
19. How are the events in Bosnia similar to the events surrounding the Holocaust?
20. Why is the 1999 bombing campaign a milestone in recent European history?*
PUTIN AND THE RESURGENCE OF RUSSIA
21. What two ac
ti
ons has Pu
ti
n become very cri
ti
cal of?
22. What did the invasion of Georgia reveal about post-Soviet Russia?
THE RISE OF RADICAL POLITICAL ISLAMISM
ARAB NATIONALISM
23. What seems to be the major cause for radical Islam’s hatred for Europe and the U.S.?
THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION
24. What was so revolu
ti
onary about the Iranian Revolu
ti
on?
AFGHANISTAN AND RADICAL ISLAMISM
25. How did the Russian invasion prove detrimental to the West?
26. Why was the United States a target of fana
ti
cal Islamic extremism?
A TRANSFORMED WEST
PLEASE READ THE “IN PERSPECTIVE” SECTION FOR AND OVERVIEW OF THE CHAPTER
KEY EVENTS
1915 – Gandhi returns to India
1945-1991 – The Cold War
1947 – India gains independence
1956 – Vietnam gains independence
1962 – Algeria gains independence
1964-1973 – Vietnam War
1979 – Iranian Revolu
ti
on
1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev become the
Soviet Premier
1989 – Democra
ti
c revolu
ti
ons in Eastern
Europe
1989 – Berlin Wall/Iron Curtain falls
1990 – Germany is reuni
fi
ed
1991 – Yugoslavia begins to break up
1991 – Soviet Union collapses