-> Analysed and compared the energy consumption of a residential building modelled using common building materials and specifications used in Delhi for decades to that of modelled by altering the building envelope and the AC system specifications. -> Used eQUEST software.

1. INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Final presentation of Project - 2 (RCE 852)
ENERGY SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF G+3
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS USING eQUEST SOFTWARE
PRESENTED BY:
CHIRAG AGGARWAL (1803000902)
LALIT KUMAR (1703000011)
RITIK YADAV (1703000024)
Project Group 13
8th semester
MENTOR:
Mr. Shivam
(Assistant Professor)

2. CONTENTS
• Motivation for the project
• Introduction to the project
• Problem definition
• Scope of study
• Introduction to the software
• Literature review
• Methodology
• Modelling the baseline case
• Modelling the design case/energy efficient case
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• References

3. MOTIVATION FOR THE PROJECT
 Energy is one of the primary inputs for the economic development
of any country and also one of the major source for carbon
emissions and its impact on climate change.
 Globally, construction and operation of infrastructure accounts
for approximately 40% of carbon emissions. With rapid
urbanisation, the current built area is projected to be doubled in next
three to four decades.
 In the case of the developing countries especially India, this assumes
critical importance because of migration and rapid urbanisation.
 Dependence on Renewable Energy Resources & Energy Efficiency
rather than fossil fuels, will not only reduce carbon emissions, but
will protect natural environment and help the national economy.
Ensures
Sustainable
Development
Helpful for
Society &
Environment
Interdisciplinary
& Currently
Relevant Topic
Future of Economical
Industrial Civil Engg.
Applications

4. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT
• In this project, two G+3 residential buildings have been modelled on the eQUEST
software. Both the buildings were assumed to be located in Delhi.
• The first building is known as the ‘Baseline Case’ and the second building is known
as the ‘Design Case or Energy Efficient Case’.
• The baseline case has been modelled based on commonly used building materials and
specifications used in Delhi, for decades, and the design case has been modelled by
altering the building envelope and the AC system specifications of the baseline
case.

5. Continued…
• The eQUEST software gives the option of using EEMs in the field of lighting loads,
miscellaneous loads, and domestic hot water system also, but due to the time constraint, the
present study deals with the effects of building envelope and AC system specifications only.
• The main objective of this study is to show the approximate amount of energy efficiency
which can be achieved by altering the building envelope and AC system specifications,
• The larger vision behind choosing this kind of project is to create awareness, and make
people believe about the benefits of using EEMs in the building, and the software like
eQUEST helps to accelerate the mission of energy conservation by providing the data and
results in a statistical form in hand, before beginning the on-field construction of the
building.

6. PROBLEM DEFINITION
• To study and learn a BEIT known as eQUEST (QUick Energy Simulation Tool) as
its trend is yet to come in India.
• To model and simulate a G+3 residential building as a baseline case.
• To model and simulate a G+3 residential building as a design case/energy efficient
case.
• To compare and analyse the results of the simulations.

7. SCOPE OF STUDY
• It helps in forecasting the energy performance of a building.
• It is useful in observing energy routine of building, estimating architectural design,
decide upon appropriate structural resources and system required, etc.
• It helps in scrutinizing the complex issues with respect to the buildings and helps in
appraising their performances.
• It assists engineers to judge against the various design options and support them to
adopt cost effective, energy proficient design.

8. INTRODUCTION TO THE SOFTWARE
• eQUEST (QUick Energy Simulation Tool) is a sophisticated, yet easy to use,
freeware building energy use analysis tool that provides professional-level results with
an affordable level of effort.
• This is accomplished by combining schematic and design development building
creation wizards, an energy efficiency measure (EEM) wizard, and a graphical
results display module with a complete up-to-date DOE-2 (version 2.2) building
energy use simulation program.
eQUEST = enhanced DOE-2 + Wizards + Graphics
• eQUEST 3.65 is the most recent release and will be used in this project.

9. Continued…
• DOE-2 is a freeware building energy analysis program that can predict the energy use and
cost for all types of buildings.
• It was developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory & J.J. Hirsch and
Associates, and funded by U.S. Department of Energy & Electric Power Research
Institute.
• It uses a description of the building layout, constructions, operating schedules,
conditioning systems (lighting, HVAC, etc.) and utility rates provided by the user, along
with weather data, to perform an hourly simulation of the building and to estimate utility
bills.
• DOE-2 (version 2.2) is the most recent release.

10. 9
LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Year Title Conclusion
Sathyamoorthy
et al.
2019
Energy
Analysis of
a Green
Building
using
eQUEST
Software
In this paper, authors performed an energy simulation and analysis of a
proposed two-storey residence building using a Building Energy Investigation
Tool (BEIT) known as ‘eQUEST’ and compared the results with baseline energy
level. Energy savings for the proposed green building can be calculated from the
energy simulation done using eQUEST software. With baseline energy level and
energy level obtained after applying necessary changes, it was found that the
energy savings are greater than 30% and the maximum points for this category of
savings was 10 points. This was the most important design phase for designing a
green building.

11. 10
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Neill et
al.
2009
Net zero
energy
building
goal with
existing
technologies
This paper described the modelling of a single-family residence in the US
southeast as a case-in-point to illustrate the most common strategies that are
considered during the net-zero energy building (NZEB) design stage. The
comparison of energy consumption between the reference cases showed that at the
site energy level, all-electric homes consume relatively less energy than the homes
using gas for heating and/or domestic hot water. This is understandable since the
inefficiencies in the gas furnace are considered at the site energy level whereas the
inefficiencies in electricity generation are ignored at the site level energy calculations.
When high-efficiency products were applied to the house, the simulation results
showed that energy consumption can be brought down by about 75% in most cases.
An analysis of occupant behaviour on energy consumption showed that conservation-
oriented behaviour can reduce energy consumption by one-third, while in more
efficient buildings, by nearly half.

12. 11
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Ramani et
al.
2020
Simulation
and analysis
of a factory
building's
energy
consumption
using
eQUEST
software
In this paper, authors performed energy simulation and analysis of a newly
built cloth factory having G+5 floors. The main feature of this building was its
innovative cooling system, namely, the evaporative cooling system. It makes
the room cooler by wetting pads on one side of the wall and exhaust fans
installed on the opposite side of the wall in the same room. Toilets were installed
with motion sensors to reduce unnecessary consumption of electricity; similarly,
an automatic power switch was incorporated for exterior lighting. For this case
study, the energy consumption of base case was compared with design case and it
was found that the design case building exhibits savings of 18.9% which was
obtained when the building’s cooling system is an evaporative cooling pad,
instead of VAV or VRF. The energy consumption analysis of all the three cooling
systems proved that 70–75% savings can be achieved with an evaporative
cooling system.

13. 12
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Khitoliya
et al.
2016
An
Evaluative
Study on
Energy
Efficient
Building
Materials
This paper suggested that the use of low embodied energy and cost-effective
building materials, in building construction, can reduce the overall energy
consumption significantly and thus eventually minimize the energy footprint of
buildings. In this paper, Normalised Environment Index (NEI) of six building
materials viz. solid concrete block, fired clay brick, FaL-G (Fly ash-Lime-Gypsum)
block, fired clay fly ash brick, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block, and stabilised
mud block (SMB) was calculated by evaluating and analysing the normalised value of
embodied energy, CO2 emission, and thermal conductivity (k-value). It was found
that SMB has the least embodied energy and CO2 emission. AAC block has the lowest
thermal conductivity. SMB emerged as the most energy-efficient material because its
NEI was minimum. But considering long time interval and operational energy i.e.
thermal conductivity, AAC block is the best energy-efficient building material.
Solid Concrete blocks have the highest NEI.

14. 13
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Sharma
et al.
2016
Review
on Green
Buildings
In this research paper, the authors discussed the meaning of green building, the
importance of green building, need of green building, salient features of green
building, etc. They also discussed how a green building gets certified and what are
the various rating systems currently adopted in India (IGBC, GRIHA, BEE, and
EDGE). IGBC promotes sustainability based on the principles of five performances
in the following areas: Sustainable site development, Water saving, Energy efficiency,
Materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. GRIHA rating system consists
of 34 criteria categorized in four different sections, namely: Site selection and site
planning, Conservation and efficient utilization of resources, Building operation and
maintenance, and Innovation. They also mentioned some famous green buildings
present in India (like CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre-Hyderabad, ITC
Green Centre-Gurgaon, Suzlon Energy Limited-Pune, etc.), their important features,
etc.

15. 14
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Sangeetha
et al.
2017
A review of
energy
efficiency in
building
construction
In this research paper, the authors explained the current situation and the need for
energy efficiency in building construction. According to WWF 2008 report,
depletion of natural resources is exceeding 30% of its natural ability of recovery.
Buildings contribute about 40% of the emission of greenhouse gases. More than 40%
of CO2 emissions in developed countries come from heating, cooling and powering
buildings. They also discussed some methods to achieve energy efficiency in buildings
viz. smart design, passive ventilation, passive lighting, passive cooling, active
daylighting, natural cooling system, double envelope house, earth sheltering, led
lighting, super insulation, solar energy collectors, building-integrated
photovoltaics (BIPVs), etc. Wide acceptance of such buildings may require a lot of
assistance from the government, building code regulations, or a significant increase in
conventional energy. This paper has clearly reviewed the process of developing and
implementing policy on energy efficiency in buildings.

16. 15
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Bruce et
al.
2017
Strategies to
improve
energy
performance
in existing
buildings
In this article, the authors have developed a list of common low/no-cost Energy
Conservation Measures (ECMs) that were identified on the majority of projects after
performing retro-commissioning and energy audits for more than 5 million sq. feet of
existing building real estate. Retro-commissioning is simply the follow-up to an audit or
the implementation phase of the identified improvements. An energy audit can typically
identify 5-20% savings, depending on the building’s current operation level. Some
strategies recommended by them were: implementing equipment schedules, temperature
setpoint control, calibrating or replacing sensors, temperature and pressure reset schedules,
and lighting controls.

17. 16
Continued…
Author Year Title Conclusion
Centre for
Science &
Environment
(CSE)
2019
GSP
Manual
For
Energy
Audit
It is a manual for energy audit published by Centre for Science and Environment
(CSE) in 2019 under their Green Schools Programme (GSP). CSE’s GSP goes beyond
nature education to get students to evaluate and precisely measure their school’s/
college’s environmental footprint through the GSP Audit. This manual gives deep
information about Green School Programme (GSP), profiling and energy auditing,
sources of energy, tips to save energy, India’s energy scenario, solar rooftop systems,
some case studies, etc. This manual is very helpful for freshers who wants to learn about
the procedure of energy audit and about solar rooftop systems.

18. METHODOLOGY
MODELLING
THE BASELINE
CASE

19. CREATING A NEW PROJECT
eQUEST startup options window
eQUEST wizard options

20. BUILDING GENERAL INFO DEFINITION

21. BUILDING FOOTPRINT DEFINITION

22. BUILDING ENVELOPE CONSTRUCTION

23. Continued…
Exterior walls layer-by-layer construction

24. BUILDING INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION

25. EXTERIOR DOORS DEFINITION

26. EXTERIOR WINDOWS DEFINITION

27. EXTERIOR WINDOW SHADES & BLINDS

28. SEASONS DEFINITION

29. BUILDING OPERATION SCHEDULE DEFINITION

30. ACTIVITY AREAS ALLOCATION DEFINITION

31. NON-HVAC ENDUSES DEFINITION

32. INTERIOR LIGHTING LOADS DEFINITION

33. MISCELLANEOUS LOADS DEFINITION

34. EXTERIOR LIGHTING LOADS DEFINITION

35. HVAC SYSTEM DEFINITION

36. HVAC TEMPERATURES DEFINITION

37. PACKAGED HVAC EQUIPMENT DEFINITION

38. HVAC FAN SCHEDULES DEFINITION

39. DWH DEFINITION

40. ELECTRICITY CHARGES DEFINITION

41. BUILDING MODEL
PLAN NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION WEST ELEVATION

42. SIMULATING THE BASELINE CASE
Simulate building performance in
Action toolbar
Simulation(s) Complete screen

43. MODELLING THE
DESIGN CASE/
ENERGY
EFFICIENT CASE

44. OPENING THE EEM WIZARD
Energy Efficiency Measure
(EEM) wizard in Action toolbar
S. No. MEASURE TYPE MEASURE CATEGORY
1 Building Envelope
Roof Insulation
Exterior Wall Insulation
Window Type
Window Exterior Shading
2 HVAC system HVAC Efficiency
EEM Creation screen
Measure Type & Measure Category selected for design case

45. ROOF INSULATION EEM DEFINITION
Roof insulation EEM
Roof insulation EEM details
Polyisocyanurate (Polyiso) rigid board insulation

46. EXTERIOR WALL INSULATION EEM DEFINITION
Better roof + walls EEM
Better roof + walls EEM details
A pallet of "8-inch" CMUs An interior wall of painted
CMUs

47. WINDOW GLASS TYPE EEM DEFINITION
North wall
Length (L) (ft) Height (H) (ft) No. Area (A=LxH) (sqft)
Wall 54 11.5 1 621
Windows 10 6 2 120
5 6 1 30
Total 150
WWR = 150 / 621 = 0.24 (Min. VLT as per Table 2, ECBC 2018: 0.27)
East wall
Length (L) (ft) Height (H) (ft) No. Area (A=LxH) (sqft)
Wall 50 11.5 1 575
Windows 10 6 2 120
WWR = 120 / 575 = 0.21 (Min. VLT as per Table 2, ECBC 2018: 0.27)
• The window glass type was selected from
‘DOE-2 glass library’ which has 521 glass
types.
• Non-opaque materials in an energy efficient
building should have low Thermal
transmittance/Thermal conductance (U-value)
and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) but
they should also fulfil the ‘minimum
Visible/Visual Light Transmittance (VLT)’
criteria of ECBC 2018: Energy Conservation
Building Code for Residential Buildings.
Calculation of WWR and VLT for both North and East walls

48. Continued…
Better roof + walls + window glass EEM
Better roof + walls + window glass EEM details

49. EXTERIOR WINDOW SHADING EEM DEFINITION
Better roof + walls + window glass + shades EEM
Better roof + walls + window glass + shades EEM details

50. AC EFFICIENCY EEM DEFINITION
Better building envelope + AC efficiency EEM
Better building envelope + AC efficiency EEM details

51. SIMULATING BASELINE & DESIGN CASE
Simulate building performance in
Action toolbar
EEM Run Selection screen
Simulation(s) Complete screen

52. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MONTHLY ELECTRIC PEAK DAY
LOAD PROFILES OF BASELINE CASE
Discussion: This report only displays graphs if we have selected Hourly Enduse Profile on Screen 1 of the SD Wizard. If we have not selected
this, eQUEST will display a warning and the graphs will be empty. These graphs show the peak electric demands during the course of 24
hours in the peak during the month. They help identify where potential peak demands can occur on a more specific level as opposed to
looking at a general monthly or annual picture. For instance, the May graph shows that evenings may be hotter than mornings and require more
space cooling (dark blue) which will increase the peak electric demand. Knowing these specifics allow users to isolate problems early in the
design so that they can be addressed. These graphs can also be useful to distribute the works that are not done daily (like laundry, vacuum
cleaning, etc.) during off peak hours. It will reduce the load on the house circuit during peak hours.

53. Continued…
MONTHLY ELECTRIC PEAK DAY
LOAD PROFILES OF BASELINE CASE

54. Continued…
MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY END USE (GRAPHICAL FORM)
BASELINE CASE DESIGN CASE

55. Continued…
MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION- TOTAL & BY END USE (TABULAR FORM)
BASELINE CASE DESIGN CASE

56. Continued…
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ENDUSE (BASELINE CASE v/s DESIGN CASE)
Discussion: Like the comparable single-run
report, this report breaks down the energy usage
into load categories so that we can isolate specific
load problem areas and compare them for each
run. From the above we can clearly observe that
space cooling load has been reduced more than
50% and ventilation load has been also reduced in
the design case. Lighting loads, miscellaneous
equipment loads, and water heating loads has not
been changed because we have already taken the
values given in the energy codes as mentioned in
the methodology part.

57. Continued…
ANNUAL UTILITY BILLS BY RATE (BASELINE CASE v/s DESIGN CASE)
Discussion: This report compares the total
annual utility costs for each run and the total
annual cost can be found in the legend below
the graph at the end of each line. Since the
software takes rate input in ‘dollars’ only,
there results are also given in terms of dollars.
If we take current dollar to rupees exchange
rate, i.e. 1 USD = 74.5 INR, then annual bill
for baseline case comes to be 9,34,155 INR
and that for design case comes to be 6,99,927
INR. That’s a lot of saving in comparison to
the efforts that we have to put in.

58. CONCLUSION
• The main objective of choosing this type of project is to enable the next generation of
engineers to solve one of the most burning problems facing mankind, i.e. global warming
and rapidly increasing demand of energy.
• BEIT like eQUEST helps in solving this problem, so it is very important for the upcoming
engineers to have the knowledge of software like this.
• BEITs are already in trend in developed parts of the world like North America and
Europe, and are becoming popular, rapidly, in other parts of the world like Asia.
• The scope of this study has been intentionally made limited to the building envelope and
the AC system specifications by our mentor because we had very limited time to learn this
new software and implement it enough such that a good final year project can be made.

59. Continued…
S. No. PARAMETERS BASELINE CASE DESIGN CASE
1 Annual Electricity Consumption 1,60,450 kWh 1,20,150 kWh
2 Annual Electricity Bill 9,34,155 INR 6,99,927 INR
3 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 14.86 kWh/sqft 11.12 kWh/sqft
Results summary
NOTE: EUI = Total annual electricity
consumption / Total gross floor
building area
• From the results, we can see that savings in annual electricity consumption is 40,300 kWh which is about 25%. From
the “IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System (v3.0): 2014”, it can be taken that the points for green building for
energy efficiency category are also given based on energy savings percentage and the maximum points for this category
of savings is 10 points.
• Also, a quick check can be performed by calculating the EUI of proposed building. If the result of the above calculation
falls well within the limits of 10 kWh/sqft to 25 kWh/sqft, it could be widely accepted. Also from the above range of
results, it evident that better the building specification envelope, lighting, HVAC, the lesser is the number.

60. REFERENCES
 Welcome to DOE2.com-The home of DOE-2 based Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Software, https://www.doe2.com/
 eQUEST-the QUick Energy Simulation Tool, https://www.doe2.com/equest/
 G. L. Sathyamoorthy et al. (2019), “Energy Analysis of a Green Building using eQUEST Software”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology (IJEAT), Issue 6S3, Volume 8
 Zheng O’Neill et al. (2009), “Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) goal with existing technologies”, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow,
Scotland
 Prasanna Venkatesan Ramani et al. (2020), “Simulation and analysis of a factory building's energy consumption using eQUEST software”, Research article in
chemical engineering and technology at ResearchGate
 Dr. R.K. Khitoliya et al. (2016), “An Evaluative Study on Energy Efficient Building Materials”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering (IJIRAE), Issue 08, Volume 3
 Sharad Sharma et al. (2016), “Review on Green Buildings”, International Journal of Recent Research Aspects ISSN: 2349-7688, Vol. 3, Issue 3
 Sangeetha et al. (2017), “A review of energy efficiency in building construction”, Journal of Industrial Pollution Control
 Green Schools Programme (GSP) Manual for Energy Audit (2019), Centre for Science & Environment (CSE), New Delhi, India
 Darren Bruce et al. (2017), “Five strategies to improve energy performance in existing buildings”, BDC Network
 “Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for Residential Buildings”; 2018
 “Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) User Guide”; 2011
 ASHRAE 62.2, ”Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality In Residential Buildings ”; 2019
 ASHRAE 90.2, “Energy Efficient Design For Low Rise Residential Buildings”; 2018
 “IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System (v3.0)”; 2014

61. THANK
YOU