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- 1. P r o j e c t 1 : E x p e r i e n t i a l L a n d s c a p e Topic: 1. National Park Group: NG Members : Kok Xuan Ying (Leader) Michelle Wong Sook Yin Lew Quo Ming Melvyn Poh Ern Meng Soh Young Zhou Liew Cherng Qing (Mike) Tutor: Ms. Shazreene Nurjanna Shamsuddin
- 2. Overview • Definition of National Park • Historical Background of National Park • Characteristics of National Park • Contextual study of National Park • Activities around National Park
- 3. What is a National Park? - Natural area of land and/or sea. - designated to: - protect ecological integrity (unspoiled landscape). - provide educational and recreational opportunities. - Environment and culturally compatible. - Unlimited size of area. - Able to accommodate overall population of the country.
- 4. Gunung Mulu National Park, , Malaysia.
- 6. Mulu National Park Map View http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/imgs/ map-mulu-national-park-sarawak-big.jpg There are many many caves i n M u l u N a t i o n a l Pa r k
- 7. Characteristics • Area size of 528.6 km². • Gunung Mulu highest peak : 2376 metre. • Exhibited 3500 species of vascular plants. • 109 species of palm species • Sarawak Chamber (world largest known cave). 600m by 415m and 80m high.
- 8. Historical Background • Officially known as national park in 1971. • Joint expeditions led by Royal Geographical Society and Sarawak government. • 27 major caves were first found in 1980. • Sarawak Chamber discovered in 1984. • Sabotage incidents by Berawan tribe who claim surrounding jungle are sacred in 1990s. • 66,000 hectare of rainforest (biosphere) were set aside by Sarawak government for indigenous people to practice traditional lifestyle.
- 9. C o n t e x t u a l S t u d y - 3 mountains in park. Mount. Mulu (2376m) Mount. Api (1740m) Mount. Benarat (1585m) - One of largest limestone caves in world below surface. - Many caves in park. eg. Sarawak Chamber (Largest cave chamber in world) Clearwater Cave (Longest cave in South East Asia) Deer Cave (Largest cave passage) Lang Cave - Penan village at Long Iman .
- 10. L i m e s t o n e P i n n c a l e s , M o u n t . A p i N a t u r a l f o r m e d A b r a h a m L i n c o l n Silhouette, Deer Cave
- 11. Penan people with unique traditions B l o w - p i p e H u n t i n g
- 12. Activities - Cave adventure, explore. - Bat watching - Canopy walk - Camping - Long Iman River walk + greeting locals Long Iman River
- 13. C a n o p y Wa l k Bat Watching
- 14. Landscape Features and E l e m e n t s Cave formation (Dissolution of limestone) S i n g l e l e a f Monophyllaea plant L o o k s l i k e crocodiles hanging from the ceiling
- 15. Cave Formation Shadow of Maria
- 16. Göreme National Park, Cappadocia, Turkey. a.k.a. Land of Beautiful Horses
- 19. Characteristics - Located in volcanic zone of Hasan Mountain and Erciyes Mountain. - 40km circumference. - Consists of world-famous rock formation, fairy chimneys.
- 20. H i s t o r i c a l B a c k g r o u n d - Locals used to hide themselves away from battles. - Monastic life (devote themselves to religion) in this area around 3rd and 4th Century. - Added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.
- 21. C o n t e x t u a l S t u d y Kaymakli underground cities Underground cities Derinkuyu underground cities First underground city open to visit -1964 Background Second underground city open to visit Most visited underground city Visitors Second most visited underground city Wide Area Deep Constructed around 100 tunnels going in and out Tunnels Uses one same tunnel 4 floors Size Largest excavated underground city in turkey (60m depth)
- 22. Where they store their food Very small tunnels throughout the whole city to confuse the enemies Kaymakli Underground City - 4 floors - 1st and 2nd floor for food storage and animal as living food source. - 3rd floor to hide. - deepest 4th floor are praying rooms to pray for enemies to not find them.
- 23. Stone door Winery Because wine doesn’t expire unlike water, perfect for hiding from enemies. In fact, they taste better as time passes !
- 24. A c t i v i t i e s Hot air balloon tour begins everyday at sunrise takes almost 90minutes for balloon tour Preparing to leave the ground
- 26. This is as close as you can get to take a look on the Fairy Chimneys from the sky
- 27. Eroded plateau of Goreme valley : Fairy Chimneys - Erosion of volcanic sediments by wind and water. - Pillars and columns of 40m. - Major remnant of erosion (1325m) is dominant feature. Nearby Erciyas volcano is active with minor eruptions. Network of caves within rock formations served as residences to people. Landscape Features and E l e m e n t s
- 29. Summary & Comparison Mulu National Park National Park Göreme National Park 528.6 km² Characteristics 400 km² Declared on 1971 Historical Background Declared on1985 Caves and Penan Tribe Contextual Studies Underground Cities Cave explore and Canopy Walk Activities Hot air balloon Limestone cave and pinnacles Features and Elements Fairy Chimneys
- 30. Reference - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357 - http://www.goturkey.com/en/pages/content/652/goreme- national-park-and-the-rock-site-of-cappadocia - http://mulupark.com/about-us/mulu-world-heritage-area/ - http://mulupark.com/education-and-research/world- heritage-information/
- 31. Q&A
- 32. T h a n k Y o u