Charging The Energy Revolution: Examining The Use Of Utility-Scale Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries On Renewable Power Integration And Grid Stabilization

Joe Heinzmann
Examining The Use Of Utility-Scale Advanced Lithium-ion
Senior Director
Batteries On Renewable Power Integration and Grid
Energy Storage Solutions
Stabilization
www.altairnano.com © 2009 Altairnano, All rights reserved. 1

Altairnano Overview

• Advanced Lithium-Ion Technology
• Proprietary Lithium Titanate (nLTO)
• Headquarters in Reno, Nevada
• Publicly Traded NASDAQ (ALTI)
• 100+ Employees
• R&D, engineering, production, design,
integration
• World’s largest nLTO production facility

Lithium Titanate Battery Module ALTI-ESS – Utility Grade
Battery Cells Power Management
Solution


Altairnano Overview

• An innovator in nano-metal oxide-based materials
– Over 30 issued patents and 100 patent applications

• Fast Energy Storage for high power applications
– Military
– Transportation
– Stationary Power

• Large scale product manufacturing capabilities
– Facilities in Nevada and Indiana

• Proven technology – Commercially operational for
over a year


Customers & Product Attributes Why Altairnano was Selected
Wide
Long Operating High Rapid
Customer Product Market Life Temp Power Charge Safety
AES in PJM 1MW / 250kWh Stationary X X X X
AES in ERCOT 1MW / 250kWh Stationary X X X X
ONR / US Navy 2.5MW SGC System Military / Stationary X X X X

BAE 3.3MWh Main Battery Back Up Military / Stationary X X X
ARDEC / US Army 22Ah / 23.3V Battery Back Up Military X X X X
Proterra 50Ah / 23.3V Battery Modules Transportation X X X X X
Amberjac 11Ah & 50Ah Cells Transportation X X X X X
ISE 11Ah Cells Transportation X X X X
Electric Traction Systems 11Ah Cells Transportation X X X X


The Battery Difference
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Altairnano’s Unique Value Attributes
• Instantaneous high power charge & discharge capability
– Full charge or discharge in less than 15 minutes
• 10 to 30 year life in grid stabilization (16,000 full DOD cycles)
• Widest cell operating temperature range (-40 C to +55 C)
• Safer (tested to 250 Deg C), environmentally friendly, and low maintenance
• Industry’s highest roundtrip efficiency (>86% including converter)
• Lowest life cycle cost for high cyclic applications (regulation, renewable smoothing)

Spherical aggregate Alti ESS
Altairnano nLTO cells
of nano-particles


test

Altairnano Lithium Titanate Battery Cycle Life

Grid Stabilization
Many cycles per day
Expected life
20 years

Peak Shifting
1 cycle per day
Expected life
50 years


Utility Applications for Fast Energy Storage:
Grid Stabilization/ Frequency Control
Excess
Supply
• Stabilize frequency and voltage
without ramping power plants
• Provide Spinning reserve without
burning fuel and emissions

Excess
Demand

~ ~
Renewable Integration

• Mitigate intermittency and increase power
quality
• Increase adoption of renewable energy
sources


Why Frequency Regulation?
Stable Network Unstable Network

Source: Bj.J. Kirby, J. Dyer, C. Marinez, Rahmat A. Shoureshi, R. Guttromson, J. Dagle ”Frequency Control Concerns in the North American Electric Power System” Oak Ridge Nat. Lab draft
Report; December 2002


System Benefits of Fast Regulation
• Frequency error is function of the amount (MW) of imbalance and the time it takes to correct the imbalance
• The sooner ACE is corrected the less amount of regulation that is needed

Energy Storage

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*Source: Makarov, Y.V., et al. “Assessing the value of Regulation Resources Based on Their Time Response Characteristics.” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL – 17632, June 2008.


Recent Report – Ca Energy Commission Pier report

• Use of storage avoids greenhouse gas emissions increases associated
with committing combustion turbines strictly for regulation, balancing,
and ramping duty.

• On an incremental basis, storage can be up to two to three times as
effective as adding a combustion turbine to the system for regulation
purposes.

RESEARCH EVALUATION OF WIND GENERATION, SOLAR
GENERATION, AND STORAGE IMPACT ON THE CALIFORNIA GRID
– June 2010 CEC-500-2010-010


NREL Study of Integration of Wind Power for Eastern Interconnect

6% Penetration
20% Penetration
20% Penetration
20% Penetration
20% Penetration


PV Output data Island of Lanai 1.2 MWs
1,200
AC Primary Load
PV Power

900
Power (kW)

600

300

0
0 6 12 18 24
July 23

“If PV penetration levels increase much more, the work conducted here suggests that
the problems most likely to be encountered are voltage rise, cloud-induced voltage
regulation issues, and transient problems caused by mass tripping of PV during low
voltage or frequency events. “
SANDIA REPORT
SAND2008-0946 P
Unlimited Release
Printed February 2008


Storage System Size Customized to Utility Ramp Rate
• 4 MW Battery smoothes ramp rate of 18 MW wind farm to .5 MW/min

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Commercial Demonstrations and Market Acceptance

• Office of Naval Research
– Awarded $3.8M contract to develop shipboard 2.5
MW UPS system
– 350,000 gal fuel savings plus 960 metric tons of
carbon emission reduction per ship/year

• Proterra (manufacturer of EV/HEV mass transit
buses)
– 10 minute Fast Charge capability

• 1 MW ALTI-ESS commercially operational within
PJM Interconnect
– Frequency regulation
– Continuous commercial operation since April 2009

• 1 MW ALTI-ESS being commissioned for operation
– Ramping response


Commercial Validation in Grid Stabilization
ALTI-ESS: Two 1MW Field Test Units installed at Indianapolis P&L May 2008
Testing Complete: June 2008
Qualified for Commercial Operation in PJM: November 2008
Running 24/7: May 2009

The Only Advanced Li-Ion Batteries in Commercial Operation for Frequency Regulation


PJM Frequency Regulation Duty Profile Performance

Responding to PJM 4sec AGC Signal


The Altairnano Energy Storage Solution (ALTI-ESS)

ALTI-ESS System Technical Specification (2 MW system)

AC Voltage 480VAC.

Power Rating As delivered 2.4 MVA continuous, with 3.6 MVA overload
capability for up to 5 seconds
Energy at Grid 500 kWh
Response Time + 1MW to – 1MW <20 milliseconds
Factory designed standard range -10 C to 50 C
Operating Temperature
Extended range available to -40 C and 55 C
Storage Temperature -40 C and 55 C

Elevation Requirements Up to 5,000 feet above sea level

Standard Configuration: Frequency 60 Hz Nominal
50 Hz Capable, Including Auxiliary Loads
Voltage operating range as defined by ANSI C84.1 and IEEE 1547
Roundtrip Efficiency 86%-92%

Systems up to 20 MW


The ALTI-ESS 20MW/5MWh Grid Stability System

Designed for rapid response
power management applications
– Photovoltaic smoothing
– Wind smoothing
– Micro-grids/Island grids

Improves equipment utilization
and operational efficiency
– Zero direct emissions
– High efficiency
– Reduced fuel consumption


Value Proposition for Ancillary Services (Freq Reg, Spinning
Reserve, Voltage Support)

Unbundled Ancillary Services Market (PJM, MISO, CAISO, NYISO, etc)
Alternative to Self producing or buying Regulation on the open Market
• Shift from buying to self supply
• Change uncontrolled variable expense based on fossil fuel price to
controlled expense with minimal escalation
• Improve power quality in distribution system
– Dynamic voltage support
– Backup power for an average of 7 minutes
• Reduces emissions from ramping fossil plants

Bundled Ancillary Services Market
• Free up generation recourse for additional energy sales and optimized
operation


Key Take-Aways

• Unique capabilities of nLTO create commercial opportunities in grid
stabilization, renewable power integration, and electric vehicles

• Substantial system benefits for improved power stability, quality,
efficiency, emissions and O&M costs

• Long Cycle Life enables cost effective applications in grid stabilization
and fast charge vehicle duty cycles

• Business case exists today for projects


Joe Heinzmann
Senior Director
Energy Storage Solutions


Charging The Energy Revolution: Examining The Use Of Utility-Scale Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries On Renewable Power Integration And Grid Stabilization

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Charging The Energy Revolution: Examining The Use Of Utility-Scale Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries On Renewable Power Integration And Grid Stabilization