13. Οπτικό / φωτονικό
μικροσκόπιο x1000
Προσοχή: τα περισσότερα κύτταρα είναι
μαυρόασπρα!!! Τα χρώματα που βλέπετε είναι
που χρησιμοποιούν οι βιολόγοι για να
διακρίνονται καλύτερα τα χαρακτηριστικά των
κυττάρων!!!
13
16. 1. Μας επιτρέπει να μελετούμε τα κύτταρα /
μικροοργανισμούς που δεν είναι ορατοί με γυμνό μάτι
2. Μας επιτρέπει να αναπτύσσουμε κλάδους της Βιολογίας
όπως η μικροβιολογία
3. Επιτρέπει την ανάπτυξη της ιατρικής/φαρμακευτικής
Βιβλίο σελ. 27
33. google: animal cell model / plant cell model / microscope model /
σπουδαίοι επιστήμονες / με τι ασχολούνται οι βιολόγοι
34.
35.
36.
37. Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch textile merchant who became a pioneer of
microbiology.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft on 24 October 1632. In 1648, van
Leeuwenhoek was apprenticed to a textile merchant, which is where he probably first
encountered magnifying glasses, which were used in the textile trade to count thread
densities for quality control purposes. Aged 20, he returned to Delft and set himself up
as a linen-draper. He prospered and was appointed chamberlain to the sheriffs of Delft
in 1660, and becoming a surveyor nine years later.
In 1668, van Leeuwenhoek paid his first and only visit to London, where he probably
saw a copy of Robert Hooke's 'Micrographia' (1665) which included pictures of textiles
that would have been of interest to him. In 1673, he reported his first observations -
bee mouthparts and stings, a human louse and a fungus - to the Royal Society. He was
elected a member of the society in 1680 and continued his association for the rest of
his life by correspondence.
In 1676, van Leeuwenhoek observed water closely and was surprised to see tiny
organisms - the first bacteria observed by man. His letter announcing this discovery
caused widespread doubt at the Royal Society but Robert Hooke later repeated the
experiment and was able to confirm his discoveries.
As well as being the father of microbiology, van Leeuwenhoek laid the foundations of
plant anatomy and became an expert on animal reproduction. He discovered blood
cells and microscopic nematodes, and studied the structure of wood and crystals. He
also made over 500 microscopes to view specific objects.
He also discovered sperm, which he considered one of the most important discoveries
of his career, and described the spermatozoa from molluscs, fish, amphibians, birds
and mammals, coming to the novel conclusion that fertilisation occurred when the
spermatozoa penetrated the egg.