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畠山直哉展觀後感
座談會
2017.2.24 @ 視丘
by 許朝益 視丘44屆
什麼是影像的四層意義?
(os:第三層與第四層訊息是什麼東東啊啊啊啊?都忘了.......)
影像能夠承載(可能被觀者讀取)的信息,共有四層。
依其容易被讀取的順序依次為:
第一層:視覺現場的劇情,事物分類的特徵、以及對生物而言信息含量最強之處。此
即羅蘭巴特(Roland Barthe 1915-1980)所說影像之直接義 “Denotation”。
第二層:由視覺元素、視覺結構性元素、影像結構、視覺比對、視覺群化等信息構成
之視覺性信息。
第三層:由觀者認知體系中語意符號系統對影像賦予之符號性意義。此即羅蘭巴特所
說影像之衍生義 “Connotation”。
第四層:影像間的脈絡性信息。因不同觀者視覺注視點在影像中針對局部圖形所做前
後掃瞄順序不盡相同,所得的脈絡性信息亦不相同。或者觀者在不同排列組合狀況下,
針對影像與影像之間的排列關係所做視覺解讀而得的脈絡性信息。
(視丘影像美學的理論架構)
影像的第一層意義就是事物本身分類的特徵。簡而言
之看到什麼就是什麼,就是描述被攝物的名稱。和展
場解說上的標題是一致的。
1. 第一層意義
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A21-01 A21-02 A21-03 A21-04 A21-05 A21-06 A21-07 A21-08 A21-09 A21-10
樹與房
子
房子 發射架 樹林 燈塔 鯉魚旗 小貨車 樹 炸彈 公寓社
區
A21-11 A21-12 A21-13 A21-14 A21-15 A21-16 A21-17 A21-18 A21-19 A21-20
小屋子 乳牛 燈塔底
座
框架 樹幹 坦克 馬 新幹線 火 針葉樹
1. 第一層意義
到目前為止,看不出這些照片之間有些什麼樣子的關係。
(除了極少的部分, ex: 炸彈和火)
● 影像的第二層意義就是由視覺元素、外型特徵等等構成之視覺元素訊息。
● 在這裡,我們發現,同一直列的上下兩張照片,其外型特徵有相似之處。
● 關連性:整件作品的名稱是"Contour Line",即"輪廓線"之意。可見得作者是要
以相似輪廓線的不同事物,以及它們之間的關連性來闡述作者的概念。
2. 第二層意義
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A21-01 A21-02 A21-03 A21-04 A21-05 A21-06 A21-07 A21-08 A21-09 A21-10
房子的
造型(背
後的房
子)
矩形 底座造
型
四方形 長條型 重複出
現的長
條造型
一個頭
四隻腳
的造型
圓形 橢圓形 樹狀(上
視圖)
A21-11 A21-12 A21-13 A21-14 A21-15 A21-16 A21-17 A21-18 A21-19 A21-20
房子的
造型
矩形 底座造
型
四方形 長條型 底部重
複出現
的圓形
造型
一個頭
四隻腳
的造型
圓錐形
(車頭)
不規則
橢圓形
樹狀
2. 第二層意義
● 小結論:
就是同一直列的上下照片,是形成一「組」,
代表著一個意義或一種關係。
影像的第三層意義就是符號性意義。
簡言之,就是語意。
● 由觀者自己的意識中針對該影像所衍生的意義。
● 不同的人,對於影像的語意解讀或有不同,但是一般以通
用解釋為主。
3. 第三層意義
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A21-01 A21-02 A21-03 A21-04 A21-05 A21-06 A21-07 A21-08 A21-09 A21-10
材料
(木頭)、
生產
(變電
所)
農舍、
豢養
隱藏 茂盛 新的、
給予光
明的
天上的、
動的、
飛的、
和平的
可走的、
載重、
現代
自然的、
悠閒的
向下投
射、加
壓力
擁擠的、
整齊的、
繁榮的
A21-11 A21-12 A21-13 A21-14 A21-15 A21-16 A21-17 A21-18 A21-19 A21-20
成品、
消費
食物來
源
明示 蕭條 被摧殘
的、千
瘡百孔
的
地上的、
動的、
行走的、
戰爭的
可走的、
載重、
古代的
人工的、
快速的
爆炸、
毀滅
蕭條的、
孤獨的、
蕈狀雲
式
3. 第三層意義
4. 第四層意義
由各個照片語意之間的關係分析,我們可以歸納為以下幾點:
● 由輪廓線造型的呼應關係得知,同一直列的上下照片為一組。
具有特定關係或意義。
● 其關係為:時間的前後,初始狀態變為結果狀態,代表事物轉變之後的結果。
● 觀看順序:應為由左至右,先上後下的方式。
第一組:材料->成品(木頭->房子),或是生產->消費(變電所->用電的用戶)。
結論是作者在第一組闡述整件作品的邏輯與規律。
亦即上面的照片是初始,下面是結果。
第二組:再引述第一組的規則,農舍豢養乳牛(食物來源)。
4. 第四層意義
第三組:由隱藏到明示。揭示時間的次序。
第四組:由欣欣向榮到荒蕪破敗,開始呈現另一種轉變的方式。
4. 第四層意義
第五組:由新變舊,延續第四組的邏輯。
第六組:呈現一種動與靜的對比,同時也呈現和平與戰爭的轉變。
4. 第四層意義
第七組:現代對原始,是否作者暗示對前一組的戰爭後,文明的倒退?
第八組:自然轉變成人工與快速,代表文明再次的勃興與進步。
4. 第四層意義
第九組:再次重現戰爭爆發的狀態。
第十組:呈現繁榮變成蕭條的結果。
4. 第四層意義
暈了~~
脈絡性訊息:
● 隱喻文明的演進歷程:在繁榮後會有戰爭,帶來毀滅及破壞的結果。
● 其中有兩次的重複發生,似乎是在強調此種規律。而文明的演進,最終會走向
滅亡。
● 作者的觀點:是對戰爭的後果是持負面的態度。
這件作品讓我對「影像的四層意義」有更實際的體會。
○ 第一層意義上,根本看不到(或極少)關連性。
○ 沒想到它在深層的意義上,隱含著非常多的語意及脈絡性訊息。
○ 觀者若不注意的話,很容易就會錯過的。
結論
經由不同層次的影像意義分析,可以得到作者所要
表達的:更深層、更隱晦的意義。
結論
藉由多幅影像的排列組合,創造出第四層意義,也
就是影像書寫的層次了。
結論
創作者可以在這四層意義中,建構攝影元素彼此交
錯、彼此呼應,語意與脈絡性訊息更為複雜的作品。
這對於影像創作而言,更添增了無限廣闊的空間。
結論
查爾斯 (Chaoyee) 的攝影筆記
https://charleshsu.co

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20170224畠山直哉展觀後感座談會