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z
Structure
Intensive TEP class
z
Structure and Written Expression
Consisting:
- Incomplete sentence  (1-15)
- Error analysis  (16-40)
How to analyze:
1. Skimming  find the characteristics of the selected
grammar; for IC (look the option to consider the
question); for EA (look at the four underlined
options, consider probable grammar)
2. Scanning  find the characteristics of the grammar
used; for IC (read the sentence to look for the
grammar characteristics); for EA (look for the
characteristics that may attach in the sentence)
z
TIPS
 Selalu baca PILIHAN JAWABAN terlebih dahulu
 PILIHAN JAWABAN selalu merefleksikan TRICKS
z
 Selalu lihat pilihan jawaban dulu
 SVA: predicate (Verb1 (s/es) or To be (is, am, are)  Subject (TIDAK ADA KET
WAKTU)
 Tenses: predicate (V2/Has, Have+V3/Had + V3)  KET WAKTU
 Comparison: (more/er/less…than, the most/est/least, double comparative)
 Parallel: CONNECTOR (biasanya ada di soal)
 Word order: adjective + noun, adverb + adjective, adverb + verb, adverb + adjective +
noun
 Clause: Conjunction (who, which, where, when, whom, whose)
 Kata sebelum conjunction
 Kata sesudah conjunction (Sentence: whom, where, when, whose, PREP+WHICH)
(Predicate: who, which, when, where)
 Of which, on which, about which, in which
 Jokowi who is one of Indonesia presidents leads the country
 Sidoarjo where I live in is very crowded
z
STRUCTURE
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
Direct SV
S (adv.) V
- (-ly)
SV With Preposition
S prep _____ V
- Prep + noun = adverb
- In the room
- My room is clean
- In my room is clean
In, on, at, by, with, about, of,
to, from, for (kata benda jika
diawali oleh PREPS, maka
tidak menjadi kata benda)
SV With Appositive (noun)
S (Appositive) V
 S , ____ , V
 Jokowi, one of Indonesia presidents,
lead the country
 S Conj ____ V
 Who, which, whom, that (di depan)
 Jokowi who is one of Indonesia
presidents leads the country
  diikuti kata kerja
 S Ving/V3 ____V
 Noun/ket: ving/v3
Aquatic ecosystem ____ by the
pollutant that contains in body
river.
A.is affected
B.are affected
C.affected
D.affecting
Teachers in the international
proceeding seminar at Singapore
A
presents their article decisively
B C
without any doubt.
D
Red blood cells containing a protein called
hemoglobin _____ oxygen to all parts of the
body.
A. circulate
B. circulating
C. circulated
D. circulates
z
 Sentence: S + P  SIMPLE PRESENT
 To be: is, am, are,
 Verb: V1 (have, take, drink)
 Singular: Subject (he, she, it) a/an + V1(s/es)  he takes
 S (singular) + V1(s/es) / to be (is, am)
 Plural (jamak): I you they we (s/es) + V1  you take
shoes, bags, buses, pencils, books
 S (plural)(s/es) + V1 / to be (are)
 SUBJECT: NOUN
 Article: the, a/an  table, chair,
 Imbuhan: s/es
 V-ing: (gerund) studying
z
STRUCTURE
TENSES
Simple Past tense = V2
I ate last night
Time signal:
- last, ago, early…, yester ….
- In/on = year, century, period
-In: bulan, tahun (in January, in
2020)
-On: hari, tanggal (On January
15th 2020)
- When/before diikuti S + V2
Present Perfect = has/have + V3
I have finished my work
Time signals:
- Since/from = year, century, period,
atau S + V2
- During/for = durasi waktu
Past Perfect = had + V3
Time signals:
- Until/to = year, century, S + V2
- Gabungan dua keterangan waktu
(past tense + present perfect)
- for/during + when/before (S+V2)
/in (year/century)
In late of nineteen century,
Kate Chopin _______ At Fault
which are set in New Orleans.
A. wrote
B. has written
C. had written
D. writes
China as one of the biggest nations in
A B
the world had been through many
C
dynasty changes for more than
D
thousand centuries.
For decades, the concept of television,
the transmission of images over
distances, ___ scientists before the
moving pictures or radio was
invented.
A. intrigued
B. has intrigued
C. had intrigued
D. Intrigues
z
STRUCTURE
Degree of Comparison
Comparative
more ______ than
-er ______ than
less ______ than
I am taller than you
I am taller you
I am tall than you
I am more taller than
you
I am lesser than you
Covid-19, becoming the world’s
A
popular issue, has hardest impact
B C
on people than SAR or MERS.
D
Superlative
the most .....
the –est .....
the least .....
Plankton, the ______ aquatic
organism, become a crucial source
of food for fish, whale, and bigger
aquatic creatures.
A. the smallest
B. the smaller
C. smallest
D. smaller
Double Comparative
the more/ -er/ less
_______, the more/-er/
less
The bigger A, the smaller
B
The greater one shows the love,
A
deeper other will respond and it is
B
supposed to be the common truth.
C D
z
 As … as
z
STRUCTURE
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
Single pointer: CONNECTOR
 and
 or
 as well as
 But
 I eat, drink, and study
Double pointer:
 Not only ___ but ( ) also __
 Neither ____ nor ____
 Either/whether ___ or ____
 Both/between ___ and ___
 I not only eat but also drink
Thatcher studied chemistry at Somerville
A B
College, Oxford and working briefly as a
C
chemist, before becoming a barrister.
D
During the period of presidential campaign, both
candidates have done their best to persuade the
mass by neither denouncing the other parties ____
public performances to gain votes.
A. nor doing
B. or done
C. or doing
D. nor done
Note:
_____ and ______
_____, _____, and _____
_____, _____ or _____, and _____
_____either _____ and _____ or _____
_____ whether ____ or ____ and _____
Affix penanda jenis kata
Adverb : -ly [bisa mengikuti kata apapun kecuali NOUN]
Verb : -fy, -ze, -ce/te
Adjective : -ive, -able, -ful, -al/cal, -ic, -nt, -less, -te, -ous
[bisa mengikuti kata apapun kecuali VERB]
Noun : -ment, -ion, -al, -ics/ism, -or/er/an/ist, -ness, -ce
z
STRUCTURE
CLAUSES
Adjective Clause
Conjunction:
Who (verb/to be), whom (Sentence),
whose (noun), that
(predicate/sentence), which
(verb/tobe), of which (sentence)
Sentence:
- whom, of/in/on which, that
Noun Clause
Conjunction:
what, why, how, that, whom, THAT
What (sentence)
I buy a car  I, a car
I buy what I drive
Adverbial Clause
Conjunction:
Place = in which, where
Time = when, before, after, while, ….
- Subject and Predicate (verb or to
be)
- Ving/ved
Condition = because, if, although, ….
- Subject and Predicate
Jackie Mclean’s recordings makes
him as one of the few jazz musicians
_______ of playing has kept pace with
the evolution of modern jazz.
A. who style
B. whose style
C. which style
D. that style
For centuries, _______ is normally in
the part of the world where the
climate is warm and the weather is
mild.
A. where people have chosen to live
B. where have chosen to live
C. that people to choose to live
D. what people have chosen to live
Pure iron cannot be hardened by
heating and cooling ________the
necessary carbon.
A. because iron lacks
B. as ironing lack
C. because of lacks of iron
D. Iron lacked
z
 I go to work because I need money
 Adverbial Clause:
 Because, although, when, while, since, if (diikuti kalimat)
 Because of, due to, despite, in spite of, (diikuti oleh kata benda
saja)
 I go to work because I need money
 I go to work because of money
z
STRUCTURE
WO/WF/WC/Conj.
Word Order
Madge Macklin
promoted the expansion
of medical training to
include genetics and
supported the founding
of genetics departments
in North American ____.
A. medical school
B. school medical
C. medical schooling
D. schooling medical
Word Form
______ friendly and affordable
synthetic fuels, many
worldwide researchers have
spent billions of dollars, yet
no satisfied result has been
obtained.
A. To develop
environmentally
B. Develop environmentally
C. Developed
environmentally
D. To develops
environmentally
Word Choice
Madge Macklin ______ the
expansion of medical
training to include
genetics and supported
the founding of genetics
departments in North
American medical schools.
A. promoted
B. produced
C. created
D. generated
Conjunction/
Connector
Moles are almost
completely blind, ___ their
tiny eyes can distinguish
light from dark.
A. although
B. Because of
C. Despite
D. because
z
 Adverb (ly) + verb = quickly run
 Adverb + adjective = amazingly beautiful
 Adjective + noun = good food
 Adverb + adjective + noun = extremely heavy rain
z
STRUCTURE
PREPOSITION/ARTICLE/DETERMINER
Preposition
The oldest city _____,
Washington, was founded by
the Hudson’s Bay Company in
the early nineteenth century.
A. in the state of Vancouver
B. at the state in Vancouver
C. of the state in Vancouver
D. by the state of Vancouver
Article
The term “technology” refers to
______ and invention that help
people improve their way of life.
A. the discovery
B. a discovery
C. that discovery
D. other discovery
Determiner
After the great blizzard of 1888 in
the northeastern United States, it
took _____ the snow away from their
homes.
A. several days for people to shovel
B. any day for people to shovel
C. a few days for people to shovel
D. a bunch of days for people to
shovel
z
 Preposition:
 In : waktu (bulan, tahun)  enclosed area
 On : waktu (tanggal, hari)  surface area
 At : specific time (jam)  specific address
 Different from, concern about, accordance with, related to, deal
with,
z
 Several, some, many (jamak, bisa dihitung)
 Much, amount, (uncountable)
z
STRUCTURE
PRONOUN/SINGULAR-PLURAL/COUNTABLE-
UNCOUNTABLE)
Pronoun
Before children are able to speak or
A
understand language, them
B
communicate through facial
C
expressions and by making noises.
D
Singular-plural
The Conestoga wagon, used to carry
A
heavy loads over long distances, was
B
popular in 1725 in some region of
C
Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga
D
Indians.
Countable-uncountable
Taking good care of any is
A
equipments one of the ways to
B C
save your expenses.
D
z
 Singular-plural sama: uncountable
 Water, sand, sugar, information
 Singular plural beda:
 Child – children
 Knife – knives
 Goose – geese
 Mouse – mice
 Bacterium - bacteria
z
 Predicate:
 Verb
 To be
 Modal: can, will, should, must, may
 Could, would, had to, might  V1
z
 I have a book. The book is red
 The sun

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Structure_fix.pptx

  • 2. z Structure and Written Expression Consisting: - Incomplete sentence  (1-15) - Error analysis  (16-40) How to analyze: 1. Skimming  find the characteristics of the selected grammar; for IC (look the option to consider the question); for EA (look at the four underlined options, consider probable grammar) 2. Scanning  find the characteristics of the grammar used; for IC (read the sentence to look for the grammar characteristics); for EA (look for the characteristics that may attach in the sentence)
  • 3. z TIPS  Selalu baca PILIHAN JAWABAN terlebih dahulu  PILIHAN JAWABAN selalu merefleksikan TRICKS
  • 4. z  Selalu lihat pilihan jawaban dulu  SVA: predicate (Verb1 (s/es) or To be (is, am, are)  Subject (TIDAK ADA KET WAKTU)  Tenses: predicate (V2/Has, Have+V3/Had + V3)  KET WAKTU  Comparison: (more/er/less…than, the most/est/least, double comparative)  Parallel: CONNECTOR (biasanya ada di soal)  Word order: adjective + noun, adverb + adjective, adverb + verb, adverb + adjective + noun  Clause: Conjunction (who, which, where, when, whom, whose)  Kata sebelum conjunction  Kata sesudah conjunction (Sentence: whom, where, when, whose, PREP+WHICH) (Predicate: who, which, when, where)  Of which, on which, about which, in which  Jokowi who is one of Indonesia presidents leads the country  Sidoarjo where I live in is very crowded
  • 5. z STRUCTURE SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT Direct SV S (adv.) V - (-ly) SV With Preposition S prep _____ V - Prep + noun = adverb - In the room - My room is clean - In my room is clean In, on, at, by, with, about, of, to, from, for (kata benda jika diawali oleh PREPS, maka tidak menjadi kata benda) SV With Appositive (noun) S (Appositive) V  S , ____ , V  Jokowi, one of Indonesia presidents, lead the country  S Conj ____ V  Who, which, whom, that (di depan)  Jokowi who is one of Indonesia presidents leads the country   diikuti kata kerja  S Ving/V3 ____V  Noun/ket: ving/v3 Aquatic ecosystem ____ by the pollutant that contains in body river. A.is affected B.are affected C.affected D.affecting Teachers in the international proceeding seminar at Singapore A presents their article decisively B C without any doubt. D Red blood cells containing a protein called hemoglobin _____ oxygen to all parts of the body. A. circulate B. circulating C. circulated D. circulates
  • 6. z  Sentence: S + P  SIMPLE PRESENT  To be: is, am, are,  Verb: V1 (have, take, drink)  Singular: Subject (he, she, it) a/an + V1(s/es)  he takes  S (singular) + V1(s/es) / to be (is, am)  Plural (jamak): I you they we (s/es) + V1  you take shoes, bags, buses, pencils, books  S (plural)(s/es) + V1 / to be (are)  SUBJECT: NOUN  Article: the, a/an  table, chair,  Imbuhan: s/es  V-ing: (gerund) studying
  • 7. z STRUCTURE TENSES Simple Past tense = V2 I ate last night Time signal: - last, ago, early…, yester …. - In/on = year, century, period -In: bulan, tahun (in January, in 2020) -On: hari, tanggal (On January 15th 2020) - When/before diikuti S + V2 Present Perfect = has/have + V3 I have finished my work Time signals: - Since/from = year, century, period, atau S + V2 - During/for = durasi waktu Past Perfect = had + V3 Time signals: - Until/to = year, century, S + V2 - Gabungan dua keterangan waktu (past tense + present perfect) - for/during + when/before (S+V2) /in (year/century) In late of nineteen century, Kate Chopin _______ At Fault which are set in New Orleans. A. wrote B. has written C. had written D. writes China as one of the biggest nations in A B the world had been through many C dynasty changes for more than D thousand centuries. For decades, the concept of television, the transmission of images over distances, ___ scientists before the moving pictures or radio was invented. A. intrigued B. has intrigued C. had intrigued D. Intrigues
  • 8. z STRUCTURE Degree of Comparison Comparative more ______ than -er ______ than less ______ than I am taller than you I am taller you I am tall than you I am more taller than you I am lesser than you Covid-19, becoming the world’s A popular issue, has hardest impact B C on people than SAR or MERS. D Superlative the most ..... the –est ..... the least ..... Plankton, the ______ aquatic organism, become a crucial source of food for fish, whale, and bigger aquatic creatures. A. the smallest B. the smaller C. smallest D. smaller Double Comparative the more/ -er/ less _______, the more/-er/ less The bigger A, the smaller B The greater one shows the love, A deeper other will respond and it is B supposed to be the common truth. C D
  • 10. z STRUCTURE PARALLEL STRUCTURE Single pointer: CONNECTOR  and  or  as well as  But  I eat, drink, and study Double pointer:  Not only ___ but ( ) also __  Neither ____ nor ____  Either/whether ___ or ____  Both/between ___ and ___  I not only eat but also drink Thatcher studied chemistry at Somerville A B College, Oxford and working briefly as a C chemist, before becoming a barrister. D During the period of presidential campaign, both candidates have done their best to persuade the mass by neither denouncing the other parties ____ public performances to gain votes. A. nor doing B. or done C. or doing D. nor done Note: _____ and ______ _____, _____, and _____ _____, _____ or _____, and _____ _____either _____ and _____ or _____ _____ whether ____ or ____ and _____ Affix penanda jenis kata Adverb : -ly [bisa mengikuti kata apapun kecuali NOUN] Verb : -fy, -ze, -ce/te Adjective : -ive, -able, -ful, -al/cal, -ic, -nt, -less, -te, -ous [bisa mengikuti kata apapun kecuali VERB] Noun : -ment, -ion, -al, -ics/ism, -or/er/an/ist, -ness, -ce
  • 11. z STRUCTURE CLAUSES Adjective Clause Conjunction: Who (verb/to be), whom (Sentence), whose (noun), that (predicate/sentence), which (verb/tobe), of which (sentence) Sentence: - whom, of/in/on which, that Noun Clause Conjunction: what, why, how, that, whom, THAT What (sentence) I buy a car  I, a car I buy what I drive Adverbial Clause Conjunction: Place = in which, where Time = when, before, after, while, …. - Subject and Predicate (verb or to be) - Ving/ved Condition = because, if, although, …. - Subject and Predicate Jackie Mclean’s recordings makes him as one of the few jazz musicians _______ of playing has kept pace with the evolution of modern jazz. A. who style B. whose style C. which style D. that style For centuries, _______ is normally in the part of the world where the climate is warm and the weather is mild. A. where people have chosen to live B. where have chosen to live C. that people to choose to live D. what people have chosen to live Pure iron cannot be hardened by heating and cooling ________the necessary carbon. A. because iron lacks B. as ironing lack C. because of lacks of iron D. Iron lacked
  • 12. z  I go to work because I need money  Adverbial Clause:  Because, although, when, while, since, if (diikuti kalimat)  Because of, due to, despite, in spite of, (diikuti oleh kata benda saja)  I go to work because I need money  I go to work because of money
  • 13. z STRUCTURE WO/WF/WC/Conj. Word Order Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics and supported the founding of genetics departments in North American ____. A. medical school B. school medical C. medical schooling D. schooling medical Word Form ______ friendly and affordable synthetic fuels, many worldwide researchers have spent billions of dollars, yet no satisfied result has been obtained. A. To develop environmentally B. Develop environmentally C. Developed environmentally D. To develops environmentally Word Choice Madge Macklin ______ the expansion of medical training to include genetics and supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools. A. promoted B. produced C. created D. generated Conjunction/ Connector Moles are almost completely blind, ___ their tiny eyes can distinguish light from dark. A. although B. Because of C. Despite D. because
  • 14. z  Adverb (ly) + verb = quickly run  Adverb + adjective = amazingly beautiful  Adjective + noun = good food  Adverb + adjective + noun = extremely heavy rain
  • 15. z STRUCTURE PREPOSITION/ARTICLE/DETERMINER Preposition The oldest city _____, Washington, was founded by the Hudson’s Bay Company in the early nineteenth century. A. in the state of Vancouver B. at the state in Vancouver C. of the state in Vancouver D. by the state of Vancouver Article The term “technology” refers to ______ and invention that help people improve their way of life. A. the discovery B. a discovery C. that discovery D. other discovery Determiner After the great blizzard of 1888 in the northeastern United States, it took _____ the snow away from their homes. A. several days for people to shovel B. any day for people to shovel C. a few days for people to shovel D. a bunch of days for people to shovel
  • 16. z  Preposition:  In : waktu (bulan, tahun)  enclosed area  On : waktu (tanggal, hari)  surface area  At : specific time (jam)  specific address  Different from, concern about, accordance with, related to, deal with,
  • 17. z  Several, some, many (jamak, bisa dihitung)  Much, amount, (uncountable)
  • 18. z STRUCTURE PRONOUN/SINGULAR-PLURAL/COUNTABLE- UNCOUNTABLE) Pronoun Before children are able to speak or A understand language, them B communicate through facial C expressions and by making noises. D Singular-plural The Conestoga wagon, used to carry A heavy loads over long distances, was B popular in 1725 in some region of C Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga D Indians. Countable-uncountable Taking good care of any is A equipments one of the ways to B C save your expenses. D
  • 19. z  Singular-plural sama: uncountable  Water, sand, sugar, information  Singular plural beda:  Child – children  Knife – knives  Goose – geese  Mouse – mice  Bacterium - bacteria
  • 20. z  Predicate:  Verb  To be  Modal: can, will, should, must, may  Could, would, had to, might  V1
  • 21. z  I have a book. The book is red  The sun