4. INTRODUCTION
• CFIT CONTINUES TO BE THE DOMINANT REASON FOR
ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HULL LOSSES AND
FATALITIES
• 9000 PEOPLE HAVE DIED WORLD WIDE BECAUSE OF
CFIT
• AT CURRENT RATE CFIT COULD CAUSE ONE MAJOR
AIRLINE HULL LOSS, AND ASSOCIATED FATALITIES,
PER WEEK BY YEAR 2010
• IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT CFIT ACCIDENT RATE BE
LOWERED
• OPERATORS MUST BE MADE AWARE OF THE CFIT
PROBLEM AS WELL AS TRAINED TO AVOID THESE
ACCIDENTS
5. GENERAL GOALS & OBJECTIVES
• EDUCATE BOTH OPERATIONAL & MANAGEMENT
PERSONNEL
• PROVIDE SPECIFIC, APPROPRIATE EDUCATIONAL
MATERIAL
• PROPOSE AN EXAMPLE TRAINING PROGRAM
• PROVIDE MANAGERS WITH AN EFFECTIVE CFIT
AVOIDANCE STRATEGY
6. RESOURCE UTILIZATION
• OPERATORS SHOULD USE BOTH THE ACADEMIC
AND SIMULATOR TRAINING PROGRAM TO
ACHIEVE A WELL-BALANCED, EFFECTIVE CFIT
TRAINING PROGRAM
• ALLOCATION OF TRAINING TIME FOR CFIT
WITHIN BOTH RECURRENT AND TRANSITION
PROGRAM WILL VARY WITH EACH OPERATOR
7. DECISION MAKERS GUIDE
• AIRLINE MANAGEMENT CREATES THE SAFETY
CULTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION. THIS CULTURE
THEN AFFECTS EVERYONE WITHIN THE
ORGANIZATION
• ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE
THROUGH EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT: DOING SO
IS COST EFFECTIVE
23. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE
TO CFIT
• ALTIMETER SETTING UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
• ALTIMETER SETTING
• SAFE ALTITUDES
• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
• FLIGHT CREW COMPLACENCY
• PROCEDURAL
Contd.
24. PERCENTAGE OF ALL ACCIDENTS BY PHASE OF FLIGHT AND THE
PERCENTAGE OF FLIGHT TIME THAT THE FLIGHT CREW IS
EXPOSED DURING THAT PHASE
33. C F I T PREVENTION
• MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE WARNING
SYSTEM (MSAWS)
34.
35. C F I T PREVENTION
• MSAWS
• CREW BRIEFING
• AUTOFLIGHT SYSTEMS
• ROUTE & DESTINATION FAMILIARIZATION
• ALTITUDE AWARENESS
• USE OF CALL OUTS
• GPWS WARNING ESCAPE MANEUVER
• CHARTS
• TRAINING
38. ACADEMIC TRAINING
PROGRAM
• RECOGNIZE FACTORS THAT LEAD TO
CFIT ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS
• KNOW PREVENTION STRATEGIES THAT
WILL ENSURE SAFE FLIGHT
• IMPROVE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TO
AVOID CFIT
• LEARN ESCAPE MANEUVER AND
TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE POSSIBILITY
OF SURVIVAL
40. SIMULATOR TRAINING
OBJECTIVES
• RECOGNIZE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS THAT CAN
LEAD TO A CFIT INCIDENT
• MAINTAIN PROPER HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
• COMMUNICATE & COORDINATE ON FLIGHT DECK
DURING CRITICAL PHASES OF FLIGHT
• RECOGNIZE A POTENTIAL CFIT SITUATION AND
TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION
• GAIN CONFIDENCE IN THE GPWS
• PERFORM A SUCCESSFUL CFIT ESCAPE
MANEUVER
41. PILOT SIMULATOR
BRIEFING
• REVIEW CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND
CAUSES
• EXPLAIN NEED FOR GOOD FLIGHT CREW
COORDINATION
• DISCUSS GPWS OPERATING MODES
• REVIEW AIRPLANE ESCAPE MANEUVER /
PROCEDURE AND PILOT TECHNIQUES
• DISCUSS COMMON FLIGHT CREW ERRORS
42. GENERIC GPWS WARNING ESCAPE
MANEUVER
IF YOUR AIRPLANE MANUFACTURER OR
OPERATIONS MANUAL DOES NOT PROVIDE A GPWS
WARNING ESCAPE MANEUVER OR PROCEDURE, USE
THE FOLLOWING MANEUVER
• REACT IMMEDIATELY TO A GPWS WARNING
• POSITIVELY APPLY MAXIMUM THRUST AND ROTATE TO THE
APPROPRIATE PITCH FOR YOUR AEROPLANE
• PULL UP WITH WINGS LEVEL TO ENSURE MAXIMUM
PERFORMANCE
• ALWAYS RESPECT STICK SHAKER
52. ICAO ACTION ON CFIT
PREVENTION
• EXPANDED GPWS CARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS
(31 DECEMBER 1998)
• MINIMUM GPWS MODE REQUIREMENTS
(31 DECEMBER 1998)
• NON-PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE DESIGN
• SPECIFICATIONS FOR INSTRUMENT APPROACH
CHARTS AND OTHER CHARTS (SID, STAR, AND
TERMINAL AREA)
53. ICAO ACTION ON CFIT
PREVENTION (2)
• FUTURE PUBLICATION OF THE CFIT PREVENTION
PROGRAMME
• FUTURE MAJOR EFFORT TO ENSURE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME IN
INTERNATIONAL AND IN DOMESTIC OPERATIONS
