The Siege Mentality Of The Bourgeoisie

The Siege Mentality Of The Bourgeoisie
Thomas G. Pelham III IB World Literature Dr. Smith 20 May 2015 The Siege Mentality of the Bourgeoisie in Ibsen's A Doll House By the time of
Ibsen's A Doll House (1879) the bourgeoisie was firmly established as the dominant class in Europe. To legitimize their power capitalists defined
themselves against other classes, claiming they possessed inherent qualities justifying their position. A rigid moral system and social code reinforced
class stratification. These structures also enforced conformity within, thus pressuring even the powerful to maintaining the appearance of conformity.
The home was the fortress of the bourgeoisie. It was the location where social identity gained its greatest expression, but this controlled space that
...show more content...
This statement does two things. First, it connects the well being of the children with the need to prevent moral corruption. Second, it reinforces
Nora's role within the strict limits of child rearing. The attempt to gain distance from her children is both an attempt to transcend the limiting role
defined by propriety and an expression of her fear of her corrupting them. This links the fear of Krogstad's moral corruption with the fear of Nora's
forgery and its transgression against social norms. This reifies the fear of poor parenting as Nora ultimately separates herself from the family in
order to protect her children. However, the home also functioned as an indicator of class. Therefore there was extreme pressure to prevent
penetration of the home by the outside world, and to preserve the ideal of domestic tranquility. Nora summarizes this, prior to the party, when she is
talking about Krogstad's letter: "You mustn't read such things now; there mustn't be anything ugly between us" (92). The wife is the symbol of
domesticity. The home is moth a social limit and a space of feminine control. As a result "anything ugly between us" is analogous to ugliness between
Torvald and his house. The domestic space may be controlled by the female, but it serves the husband. Torvald's ideal home is invaded by "ugliness".
Krogstad's letter is still in the mailbox and the loan still exists. What Torvald imagines is secure, is actually a tenuous set of power relations that
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World Literature Essay Number Two:
World Literature Essay Number Two:
The symbolism of Blood and Water in the play "Blood Wedding"
The two word title of the play "Blood Wedding" by Frederico Garcia
Lorca presents both a contradiction and a concurrence. These themes continue throughout the play, and the two words of the title are used to capture
the essence of the contrasting movements of its action. The wedding symbolises the harmony of man and woman, and the continuation of life. Blood
too symbolises these things, however it also evokes contrasting feelings of violence, death and destruction. Blood represents the strength of the blood
ties in families, and promotes the sense of repeating history which is evident throughout the play, as well as fertility and...show more content...
She is very interested to know what the girl's mother is like, and we learn from the neighbour that "she was very proud"[2], and that "she never
loved her husband"[3]. This knowledge gives the audience a sense of foreboding for the repetition of past events. We know that the mother's interest
in the bride's mother stems from her belief that this blood relationship will show her what the girl is like. If we accept this point of view, we believe
that history may repeat itself, and with the bridegroom already linked by his blood to murder and killing doom seems inevitable.
Even the wife of Leonardo is a victim of the repetition of family history. Before Leonardo runs away with the bride, the wife suspects that he will not
remain faithful, and referring to his lack of loyalty to her she says "it happened to my mother, now it is happening to me"[4].
So there are four characters in the play who are afflicted by the history of their ancestors. The bride's mother never loved her husband, the
bridegroom's father and older brother were both murdered by members of the Felix family, Leonardo's ancestors murdered members of the
bridegroom's family, and the mother of Leonardo's wife was also deserted by her husband. All of these links clearly show the importance of the blood
line and the blood relationship in families which is a constant theme throughout the play, while also creating a strong sense of the inevitability of

Ghost Girl Love Sick Analysis
Ghost Girl: Love Sick The theme of the story is that you have to face your problems head on before you move on. In Ghost Girl: Love sick there is
a lot of highschool drama and also a lot of boy problems as well the main characters of the story are Charlotte and Scarlet. In the story Charlotte and
Scarlet both have a lot of problems at school and with boys as well. But the only main problem in the story is the boy problems between the
characters in the story. Charlotte has to return to the tragic site of her death which was highschool. Charlotte has one more assignment to complete, but
no one explained to her on what would happen for if she would fall in love with her class project. Charlotte would do anything even die (again) just to
have

Analysis Of Louise ErdrichLove Medicine
Miller, Melanie 30 August, 2017 IB World Literature Since the very start of the colonisation of America, there has always stood the problem of dealing
with the indigenous people of the land. After the first attempts in the eradication of the population, the policy was changed to integration by the
American government, and it is this integration and mending into the white communities that caused disenfranchisement throughout the modern Indian
reservations. Louise Erdrich' Love Medicine looks at Native American reservation life in a completely different way as she successfully draws the
reader 's mind into Indian misery, happiness, sentiment, and vision. We are often lead into believing that they are entirely peaceful...show more content...
Marie 's vision and faith during her childhood guided her at crucial points for the rest of her life. She practices the compassion that her vision has
taught her when she does things like take in children that have no homes, making her participation in traditional rituals (typically of women)
blatantly obvious. The most significant person she 's taken in has been June Kashpaw. Marie let her usually rough exterior crumble down long
enough to be loving towards June after a tough confrontation between the two, saying, "You can be my girl and live here." (85) Unfortunately, June
never truly enjoyed living with Marie, so she later on left to live with Eli Kashpaw, Nectors brother. As Marie grew older, she and Lulu Lamartine,
her ex rival, eventually learn to coexist with each other even after all of the betrayal and unfaithfulness that was shown within the "love triangle" of
Nector, Marie, and Lulu. Lulu Lamartine is Marie 's lifelong rival for Nector Kashpaws affection and attention. Lulu and Marie were both involved in
a lengthy romantic and sexual affair with Nector, and, ironically, Lulu and Marie became closer in

Leonardo Sciascia's 'To Each His Own'
As our Works in Translation unit comes to a close, our English class read our last work. Throughout the lesson and especially the Interactive Oral, the
class discussed the difference of Italian culture and American culture in literature. The subject that stood out the most was the ending of To Each His
Own. This book ends with a sort of anticlimactic cliffhanger, and no possible sequel in sight. While the author Leonardo Sciascia leaves readers with
virtually no unanswered questions, as Mrs. Warren pointed out, the end of the book is not the nicely wrapped finale that we as Americans are used to.
In Western culture, not only in literature, but in movies and all media alike, we are used to a clear cut conclusion: an ending that spells out

The Function Of World Literature
"Function of World Literature"
In this essay the intent is to convey the function of world literature, more importantly the function of literature period. How does literature from every
part of the world impact every level of education in the United States? For that matter "pre–education".
If you asked the question; "What is Literature or World Literature and its function? What answer would expect to get, or think a person would say?
When initially developing the thought process for this essay, the focus was on literature that was not "American" and on things such as the classics. It
was an inside the box thought process. To truly understand from pre–education through the basic levels of education; should the title "Function of
World Literature" be used? One could suppose, argue, debate, that "Importance" is a better fit. When studying, or researching something, start with a
definition. One definition of literature is. "Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin
litteratura meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama,
fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and in some instances, song." (http://classiclit.about.com/od/literaryterms/g/aa_whatisliter.htm). Agers 2
Moving on to what could be considered as a general consensus of what Literature is. In the purest sense

English IB world literature
World Literature Assignment 1
"Tracing how anger shapes the transformation of Tita in Laura Esquivel's, Like
Water for Chocolate and Esteban Trueba in Isabelle Allende's,The House of The Spirits"
Love is strong affection and attraction towards somebody, The glow of love lights the dullest of lives. But what happens whenlove is lost? Loss of love
shapes the life of a character; it can alter it completely. Loss of love also triggers anger within a person, and that's what happens to Tita from Like
Water for Chocolate and Esteban Trueba from The House of the Spirits.
Between Like Water for Chocolate and The House of The spirits, my points of comparison are: how the two characters were...show more content...
If it had been Rosa, he would let her do whatever she wishes, but not Clara: his heart had been hardened by loss of love; he does not wish to love
anybody else, much less Rosa's sister.
But with time, he comes to adore her. Esteban despairs Clara because she treats him like everyone else. He tries to make her jealous by going to
brothels but it doesn't work– Clara is as impassive as her. Esteban's love for Clara is "the most powerful emotion of his life". The underlying reason
was loss of love; the emotional breakdown he had been through opened up new gaps in him, and Clara filled those gaps perfectly. His fondness and
besottedness for Clara grew to such an extent that he banished his sister Ferula from the house out of suspicion: he thought of Ferula's love for Clara
to be too intimate for friendship. This in turn reflects his possessiveness for Clara.
Esteban meets Count Jean de Satigny and entertains the idea of his marriage with Blanca. But the conniving Count informs Esteban about Blanca's
relationship with Pedro Tercero. Esteban beats Blanca with a horse whip and when Clara defends the young lovers, Esteban punches her in the face,
knocking out her teeth; he turns into a monster of brutality. He releases his temper, rage and frustration which he stored when he lost Rosa and after
suffering through Clara's rejections of him.
The birth of Blanca's daughter Alba sweetens Esteban. The new born 'star– struck' girl

What Is Literature Essay
Charmine J. Cramales
BS Math II
Lit 3 10:30 – 12:00
What is Literature?
Poems, novels, and stories; these are some of the things that first came to my mind upon pondering on the question 'What is Literature?'. And just
lately I have known that literature also includes songs, speeches, plays, and many others in written and spoken forms. I have also known that things
that are produced out of creative imagination can be referred as literary works which are the ones that comprise literature. Considering this description
of what literature is, the coverage of literature seems very puzzling. If literary works are those produced out of creative imagining, then it would
directly point to fictional works. But then, there are also...show more content...
Take for example the views of two individuals coming from different places on anovel based on the culture of one. It would likely be the same if their
culture and beliefs are quiet related but if not, then they would surely have different understandings on certain parts of that novel. Hence, defining
literature as those considered by people as 'literature' is questionable.
Eagleton also associated literature as any kind of works which are valued highly by people. But then again, since people may have different
perceptions on things, one may value highly a certain work while another person may consider it just as a plain writing. As stated by Ms. Pinzon, a
literature professor, a personal letter can be an example of this. The recipient of the letter can be expected to really value the letter while her classmate
may not. Hence, this can't define literature as a whole.
Then, what really is literature? Many great critics have tried formulating a fixed definition of literature but have failed to do so. In the rise of every
possible definition of what literature is, counter arguments also rise.
Literature, though it seems impossible to enumerate everything it covers, play an important role in every individual's life. One can influence using
literature or be influenced by it. Examples of these are the novels made by our very own national hero, Jose Rizal – the Noli Me Tangeri and El
Filibusterismo. During his time, Rizal has

To Each His Own by Leonardo Sciascia
IB English 11 World Literature Essay– To Each His Own
An anonymous person once said, "Who gossips with you will gossip of you". This quote is saying that whoever shares gossip with an individual about
someone or something will not hesitate when talking about the same person with another individual. Gossip is in no way a new idea, since many people
at one point in their lives have taken part in a conversation about another individual's personal business. Every day, especially in modern day society,
many men and women are susceptible to gossip and its consequences. One major consequence includes false information being spread around, which
causes people to become misled; this may eventually cause loss of a person's reputation. The way gossip can affect many different things is presented
in a plethora of scenarios in life and literature. An analysis of literary terms and techniques in Leonardo Sciascia's novel To Each His Own demonstrates
the idea that gossip in small towns may sometimes be extremely virulent since it is spreading false information and can affect one's reputation through
the vilification of that person.
One day the pharmacist was approached by the postman who gave him a yellow envelope. To both men, the strange appearance of the letter is very
enigmatic, so they both become replete with caution. Before the pharmacist scrupulously opens the letter, the postman thinks to himself, "If he opens it
and it's got to do with sleeping around, he won't tell me

Education is held to the highest regard no matter what location one lives in. Without any form of education or knowledge on what shapes the world,
the deeper connection between events and the human mind would lay untouched. In order for an individual to understand his/her country, it is
imperative that they study cultural literature. It allows for an individual to gain stability in their own country as well as becoming open–minded about
their surroundings and other cultures.
Studying of cultural literature will promote an individual to become open–minded. Learning about other cultures and their development, which would
be impossible to understand by simply reading the pieces of work, will allow the individual to see and appreciate new...show more content...
This will benefit those students and give them a taste of what it really is like to study the literature. It will introduce the point and give a background as
well as teach those students the basics. Learning the material is easy enough, but understanding what shaped the literature will be imperative to
understand how the world works as a whole and compare and contrast the many levels of works that come from each country as well as their own.
Once a student reaches college, things can easily change. Classes can be narrowed down to study works only in specific locations and certain cultures.
The more in–depth study will advance the student towards understanding further what that area strove for and in the process, understand how that ties
back to their home country. This will also give students the chance to pick and choose which area interests them the most. Certain majors should be
required to study the literature depending on what they choose to accomplish. This will also give everyone a chance to relate what they hope to do in
the future with the past and the evolution of literature over time to the present.
Many people believe that simply reading the literature is enough or that only certain people need while others can be exempt from the process. It is
logic to note that by simply reading the works, information would be gathered. No additional information would be gained over time and by studying it,

Macbeth English Ib-Hl Essay
ENGLISH HL
SHAKESPEARE– MACBETH ESSAY
It is human nature to be intrigued by all things mystical and dangerous. We fear the unknown but seek it nonetheless out of greed. Most of
Shakespeare's works hold an element of the supernatural and the play Macbeth is no exception. In this play we see a contemporary morality that warns
of the dangers of trafficking with instruments of darkness; the witches in the play prophesize of Macbeths future as king, and Macbeth blinded by his
hunger for power fails to recognize that the witches prophecies are luring him to evil . In act 1 scГЁne 3 we see the effect that the excitement of the
prophecies has had on his imagination as he begins to contemplate murdering the king. As Macbeth gets closer to...show more content...
If he were certain about the murder he would have had the confidence to face the exposing light of nature fearlessly. True evil fears no good.
Macbeth fears the light then he cannot be a purely evil individual. A purely evil individual fears nothing but himself and to add to that note that is
reason why Macbeth is referred to as a tragic hero and not a villain. His tragedy is profound because he realizes that killing the king is wrong and
mentally and physically he is very hesitant to do so but he still give into his selfishness ambitions as he makes his ways to Duncan's chambers.
As we move closer to the king's murder in act 2, the evil in Macbeth begins to strengthen and solidify. We begin to see the cunning traits of a
murder surface in Macbeth as the theme of appearance verses reality is brought out in his character at the end of act 1 scene 7 when he says "false
face must hide what false heart doth know". This example implies that one can never truly tell what is on someone else mind by looking at the
face; the face will hide the truth that the heart and mind (conscience) knows. There is a metaphoric reference to the reality that is behind Macbeth's
appearance. The false face that Macbeth speaks of is like a mask worn by a thief. Like a thief he will put on a mask and steal Duncan's life and crown
away from him and no will would know it is him as he is disguised. In the beginning of this scene Macbeth had come to the

Psychoanalysis In English Literature
Psychoanalysis applied to English Literature material
During this semester, we studied many English literature theories. We started with New Criticism and ended last week with cultural studies. By far, the
most interesting one for me was Psychoanalysis because it helped me understand the possible reasons behind actions and behaviors. Sometimes we read
literature without even thinking why things unfold the way they do but after reading the psychoanalysis theories by Sigmund Freud along with some
readings by Parker and Tyson I have found myself understanding texts differently. I am going to expose how psychoanalysis relates to the following
texts: A&P short story, Passing by Nella Larsen,The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and the movie The Crying Game by Neil Jordan.
First, in the A&P story by John Updike we can see how Sammy experiences projection when he starts taking it on his boss. Apparently, he is
overwhelmed by his job but getting mad at him for treating three girls in a mean way is not the main reason why he chooses to quit, I believe his
real motive is the unhappiness of being a young adult who has not done much with his life. He is stuck at this store and wants to get out but might
not know how. I also think that Sammy does not have a clear idea of self because he is defined by what he does not want to be. For instance, he does not
want to be like his coworker Stokesie or his manger Lengel nor his parents who seem to be poor. The concept of self is clearly

Commentary English Poetry Ib Sample
A Commentary on Behavior of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden by Keith Douglas. *The description of the men drawn to her starts with the rich cotton
magnate immediately establishing the hierarchy the author seeks to show*. This hierarchy is further developed*in the actions of the different suitors.
The rich magnate 'through the frail reefs of furniture swims out', the inverted syntax* in the line* suggesting grace and power. *T*he self–assured
manner in which he acts suggests that the rich man is above the petty rivalries* that the others have. H*e knows his wealth gives him an
insurmountable edge* (and this is further shown in the last stanza)*. *Also, the* author shows this from the* fact that *though this* fish is far from
pretty with...show more content...
The color ambiguity or duality of the color symbology mentioned above is progressively demystified as we move through these pars as the author
clearly shows that the linkage is with lust and greed. The author then progresses to describe the others who seek the lady's attention. The Captain
who is supposed to be able to tell when danger approaches is also befuddled by the charms on show by the lady and so is the unattractive flat eyed
flat fish who even though too ugly to be a real contender satisfies himself by looking at her from the distance. This list of men who fall into her
trap is further expounded with the description of the gallants who 'circle' and try to make small talk ('fish pause so to nibble or tug) but all to no
avail. By now we start seeing the men and their antics as pathetic as it is pretty clear that the woman has already made up her mind. The poem ends
on a very blunt note. When the ice cream is being had the men are vying for the woman based on their looks, character and the like while the rich
magnate 'stayed to watch' During this time money became temporarily inconsequential but at the end of the day when the ice cream was finished, it is
paid for by the rich man and the other men seeing this acknowledge defeat and leave. The author has used a lot of caesura in this stanza to underline
the point that after all the show it was the power of

The Meaning Of World Literature
World literature is not exactly something that can be defined in one sentence. It has been given multiple meanings by many different authors and
people throughout the years. A very brief way to describe the meaning of world literature is literature that circulates elsewhere around the world rather
than in its own origin or hometown. Some common examples of world literature are Moby Dick by Herman Melville, Things Fall Apart by Chinua
Achebe, and Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. World literature is important for today's students to read for a glimpse into the lifestyle of the
author's portion and perspective of the world and to create realistic and factual mindsets of different parts of the world.
Students in today's world should be exposed to world literature for a peek into the life and perspective surrounding area that the author or character is
being exposed to. "When reading about civil war, the ability to share the fears and victories of the battlefield firsthand through a character's experiences
there helps students to understand the internal and external conflicts he/she faces. When these experiences transcend time and geography to illustrate
similar uncertainties, students see and experience these situations as if firsthand" (Breitman). Students who read world literature get a personal insight
into the thought process of the author or main character who may be going through some tough times or is experiencing events or traditions that only
occur in his/her

Essay On Importance Of Literature
The importance of literature on today's society
In a rapidly developing world, the definition of literature goes beyond what the readers see and perceive. It provides a platform for us to open our
minds to ambiguities of meaning, while exploring what the world really has to offer through other cultures and beliefs. Most importantly, literature has
taught me to support my own point of view and trust my instincts and interpretations. The boundaries of literature are endless and holds no limit to
race, religion, culture, and sexuality. With an infinite amount of advantages, I believe literature is an integral component of our everyday lives as it
redefines text beyond the literal meaning, thus allowing us to connect with human emotions and surpassing self–defining barriers.
As an avid reader and enthusiastic writer, I have grown to learn that interpretation goes far beyond literal terms. The article "Why Study Literature",
emphasizes the importance of literature in our education system and everyday life. Michael Meyer's states that "[w]hile people will say what they
mean and mean what they say, [...] language in our world is [...] maddeningly and delightfully ambiguous" ("Why Literature" 1). Literature acts as a
medium of developing critical thinking skills, leading to independent learners and readers. If we limit a reader's interpretation of text, it restricts
creativity and the idea of being open to multiple analyses. An example of when this technique was applied was in my

World Literature Essay
World Literature Essay A young boy who tries to survive the Holocaust, a king who sleeps with his mother and kills his father, and a brave man
who is unable to reveal his love for a women, these are the stories that three different books tell, written by authors coming from all over Europe.
These works of literature namely are "Night", "Oedipus the King" and "Cyrano de Bergerac". All three of these stories appear to be rather dissimilar
since they are written and take place during time periods which lie thousands of years apart. "Oedipus the King" is a legendary story which takes
place hundreds before the birth of Christ and contrasting to this play are "Cyrano de Bergerac" and "Night" which in comparison to Oedipus are new,
since they...show more content...
Now both are able to express their love towards Roxane, nonetheless, Christian is the one who profits the most from this relationship at first since
he is the one who gets to be together with Roxane because she thinks that Christian is the only part of the "romantic hero". However, when Roxane
tells Christian: "First loving your beautyВ…then your body and soul were inseparateВ…now, I love your inner self above all else", Christian
sees that she now actually loves Cyrano and therefore his fears of not being loved return. Love is the second theme that is present through out all
three books, therefore also in "Night". In this memoir the relationship between father and son plays a big role since they are the only members of
the family that are still alive and together. Therefore, the bond between the two is tight. In "Cyrano de Bergerac" love is the major theme of the
entire play since two of the main characters are fighting for the love of Roxane. Cyrano, a distant cousin of Roxane, is one of them, however, he is
disfigured by a gigantic nose, but nonetheless he is a brilliant poet. His rival for Roxane's love is Christian, a handsome noble man, who is not as
eloquent as Cyrano and has trouble talking to women. None of them could win her heart on his own and this why they

Throughout these four pieces of world literature, it really shows the uniqueness of each culture that was represented in each film or text. These
pieces of world literature have shown how each culture have developed a sense of hybridity in response to cross cultural exchange. For example
how in "Kony2012" and in "Mulan" was both a film but they were films that were told from a different point of view, not only that but also the
purpose of the two films were different. Both of these films were told from America aspect of life but it focused on anotherculture. It is also evident in
each of the four pieces of world literature because in each of the four pieces it is told from someone else point of view that isn't from that part of the
world

IB Student Reflection
As an IB student, it is very important to recognize that the study program is indeed an international program that involves schools all around the
world. Therefore, IB is present in a variety of different cultures and countries. As a student in the IB program, I've noticed that a lot of study is
focused centrally on literature. Whether it's in an English class setting or in a history class, there are multiple occasions where books, popular novels,
and poetry are studied. Also, many of these can be world literature pieces or examples of literature popular in the American society. Also, many
students choose to take science classes as part of the International Baccalaureate program and have the opportunity to learn different...show more
content...
I told her it didn't mean anything but that I didn't think so." (Camus 41). Through the main character's behaviors, the reader is able to understand him
more as an individual and what he is really like. In this example, we see that he doesn't really care about those who are close to him and that he didn't
think anything of his relationship with the other character. Another example of a piece of literature is Siddhartha, written by Hermann Hesse. This
novel is also a work that can help students realize the importance of understanding different cultures and the people that live in them. This novel was
originally written in German and later translated into more languages such as English. The main plot of the book is an Indian man that is on a spiritual
life journey and experiments with different lifestyles during the time of the Buddha. It is a very popular piece of literature. Through this piece of
literature, an IB student can attain a great deal of new knowledge. For example, the book can give a lot of information about the religions that the main
character experiments with and discovers. Also through the main character, a variety of lifestyles and cultural factors are also present throughout the
story of his life journey. These are just two simple examples of pieces of literature that can help a student attain knowledge about the cultures, societies,
and individuals around them. The multiple different forms of literature can help a student to discover the aspects

The Siege Mentality Of The Bourgeoisie

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The Siege Mentality Of The Bourgeoisie