Caique Mitsuoka shares his experience learning Elixir through experimentation and building projects to solve problems he encountered. He discusses how attending a meetup introduced him to Node and parallelism, inspiring him to build an app to automatically add subtitles to videos. This project was his first experience building something himself in Elixir. He continues learning by trying new ideas like LiveView and Nerves, and finds the best way to learn is by teaching and helping others with Elixir.