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Thermodynamica en lichaamsgewicht
Waarom de één als maar aankomt
en de ander kan eten wat ‘ie wil zonder aan te komen
in gewicht
Dr. C.R. Lincke, kinderarts
referaat vakgroep kindergeneeskunde
2005
Medisch Centrum Rijnmond Zuid Rotterdam
Iedereen kent ze:
…slanke mensen die zich geen enkele
beperking op hoeven te leggen en slank
blijven
…niet zo slanke mensen die vroeg of laat toch
ongewild jaar naar jaar kilo’s aankomen
Zijn de wetten van de thermodynamica buiten
werking gesteld?
(is er misschien toch een perpetuum mobile?)
luie dikken versus luie dunnen...
• verschil in thermodynamica?
• verschil in metabolisme ?
• verschil in active lichaamsbeweging?
• verschil in andere vormen van
energieverbruik?
1ste
wet van de thermodynamica
(de wet van behoud van energie)
∆ U = q - w
Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Humans
expend energy through purposeful exercise and through changes in posture
and movement that are associated with the routines of daily life [called nonexercise
activity thermogenesis (NEAT)]. To examine NEAT’s role in obesity,
we recruited 10 lean and 10 mildly obese sedentary volunteers and measured
their body postures and movements every half-second for 10 days.
(abstract)
JA Levine et al. Science 2005; 307:584-586
?
wat is NEAT ?
non exercise activity thermogenesis
fidgety
wiebelfactor
Role of NonExercise Activity
Thermogenesis in Resistance to Fat
Gain in Humans
J.A. Levine e.a. (Mayo Clinics)
Science 1999; 283: 212-214
waarom wordt de één dik van te
veel eten en de ander niet?
50 kcal/dag  18250 kcal/jaar
1/4 MARS 2kg vet
of 60 ml bier
of 30 ml wijn
1. overvoeding: 85% excess  vet
2. snelle vetaccumuleerders
3. langzame vetaccumuleerders
4. de wetten van de thermodynamica
zijn absoluut:
excess energie  wamte
 activiteit
 opslag (vet)
overvoedingsstudies
langzame vs snelle
vetaccumuleerders:
verschil in
activiteit / warmteproductie?
eerdere overvoedingsstudies:
'wasted calories':
30 % door toegenomen activiteit
70 % ???
J.A. Levine e.a. Science 1999; 283: 212-214
resultaten:
waar blijven de
1000 kcal/d overfeeding?
fat mass gain 398 kcal/d
fat-free mass gain 43 kcal/d
∆ resting en. exp. 79 kcal/d
∆ postpr. en. exp. 137 kcal/d
∆ NEAT 328 kcal/d
985kcal/d
98.5% verklaard!
fate of 1000 kcal/d overfeeding
39%
4%
8%
14%
33%
2%
fat
LBW
REE
TEF
NEAT
?
… dik worden van overvoeding hangt af van je NEAT
of te wel je wiebelfactor.
Zappel-Philipp
Fidgety Philip
luie dunne vs.
luie dikke
subjects and methods:
• 20 healthy volunteers (“coach potatoes”)
– 10 lean (5 m / 5f), BMI 23 ± 2 kg/m2
– 10 obese (5m/ 5 f), BMI 33 ± 2 kg/m2
• 10 day study: 25 x 10^6 data points from
inclinometers and triaxial accelerometers
• steady state
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/307/5709/584/DC1/1
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/307/5709/584/DC1/1
If you are fat you need more
NEAT...
Obese individuals were seated, on average, 2 hours longer per day than lean
individuals. Posture allocation did not change when the obese individuals lost
weight or when lean individuals gained weight, suggesting that it is
biologically determined. If obese individuals adopted the NEAT-enhanced
behaviors of their lean counterparts, they might expend an additional 350
calories (kcal) per day.

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Thermodynamics and body weight (Dutch /English)

  • 1. Thermodynamica en lichaamsgewicht Waarom de één als maar aankomt en de ander kan eten wat ‘ie wil zonder aan te komen in gewicht Dr. C.R. Lincke, kinderarts referaat vakgroep kindergeneeskunde 2005 Medisch Centrum Rijnmond Zuid Rotterdam
  • 2. Iedereen kent ze: …slanke mensen die zich geen enkele beperking op hoeven te leggen en slank blijven …niet zo slanke mensen die vroeg of laat toch ongewild jaar naar jaar kilo’s aankomen
  • 3. Zijn de wetten van de thermodynamica buiten werking gesteld? (is er misschien toch een perpetuum mobile?)
  • 4. luie dikken versus luie dunnen... • verschil in thermodynamica? • verschil in metabolisme ? • verschil in active lichaamsbeweging? • verschil in andere vormen van energieverbruik?
  • 5.
  • 6. 1ste wet van de thermodynamica (de wet van behoud van energie) ∆ U = q - w
  • 7. Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Humans expend energy through purposeful exercise and through changes in posture and movement that are associated with the routines of daily life [called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)]. To examine NEAT’s role in obesity, we recruited 10 lean and 10 mildly obese sedentary volunteers and measured their body postures and movements every half-second for 10 days. (abstract) JA Levine et al. Science 2005; 307:584-586
  • 8. ?
  • 9. wat is NEAT ? non exercise activity thermogenesis fidgety wiebelfactor
  • 10. Role of NonExercise Activity Thermogenesis in Resistance to Fat Gain in Humans J.A. Levine e.a. (Mayo Clinics) Science 1999; 283: 212-214
  • 11. waarom wordt de één dik van te veel eten en de ander niet?
  • 12. 50 kcal/dag  18250 kcal/jaar 1/4 MARS 2kg vet of 60 ml bier of 30 ml wijn
  • 13. 1. overvoeding: 85% excess  vet 2. snelle vetaccumuleerders 3. langzame vetaccumuleerders 4. de wetten van de thermodynamica zijn absoluut: excess energie  wamte  activiteit  opslag (vet) overvoedingsstudies
  • 14. langzame vs snelle vetaccumuleerders: verschil in activiteit / warmteproductie? eerdere overvoedingsstudies: 'wasted calories': 30 % door toegenomen activiteit 70 % ???
  • 15. J.A. Levine e.a. Science 1999; 283: 212-214
  • 16. resultaten: waar blijven de 1000 kcal/d overfeeding? fat mass gain 398 kcal/d fat-free mass gain 43 kcal/d ∆ resting en. exp. 79 kcal/d ∆ postpr. en. exp. 137 kcal/d ∆ NEAT 328 kcal/d 985kcal/d 98.5% verklaard! fate of 1000 kcal/d overfeeding 39% 4% 8% 14% 33% 2% fat LBW REE TEF NEAT ?
  • 17. … dik worden van overvoeding hangt af van je NEAT of te wel je wiebelfactor. Zappel-Philipp Fidgety Philip
  • 19.
  • 20. subjects and methods: • 20 healthy volunteers (“coach potatoes”) – 10 lean (5 m / 5f), BMI 23 ± 2 kg/m2 – 10 obese (5m/ 5 f), BMI 33 ± 2 kg/m2 • 10 day study: 25 x 10^6 data points from inclinometers and triaxial accelerometers • steady state
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. If you are fat you need more NEAT... Obese individuals were seated, on average, 2 hours longer per day than lean individuals. Posture allocation did not change when the obese individuals lost weight or when lean individuals gained weight, suggesting that it is biologically determined. If obese individuals adopted the NEAT-enhanced behaviors of their lean counterparts, they might expend an additional 350 calories (kcal) per day.