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H U M A N
R I G H T S
W A T C H
Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 1-56432-817-1
Cover design by Rafael Jimenez

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Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org
2011                 /                                                                                       1-56432-817-1




1 ..........................................................................................................................

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           19                  ) http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/cp/cp1005.htm                                          2

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                                      .(2011        /   31                  ) principles-on-freedom-of-expression-and-equality.pdf
                                                                                   2002               /    2                            5

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                     .(2011       /        31                ) http://www.cidh.oas.org/relatoria/showarticle.asp?artID=87&lID=1


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                                                                    47       34                                             6

Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom       ,                            7

              /        18 of opinion and expression, Mr. Abid Hussain, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution
                                                                             UN Doc. E/CN.4/2000/63 ,521999/36           2000



                                                                9                          2011    /        |
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                                                 Lingens v. Austria, 8 July 1986, Application No. 9815/82, para. 42 : 9
http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=695400&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumb
                                      (2011        8                )   er&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649
                                        Thoma v. Luxembourg, 29 March 2001, Application No. 38432/97, para. 47, :       10

    ) http://www.iidh.ed.cr/comunidades/libertadexpresion/docs/le_europeo/thoma%20vs%20luxembourg%202001.htm
                                                                                    .(2011 /       8



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 A/HRC/14/23,                                                                                                                                           11

           17               ) April 10, 2010, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.23.pdf
                                                                                             .85 84        (2011 /
UN Document CCPR/C/79/Add.                               :                                                                                              12

  17                   ) 109, 27 July 1999 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CCPR.C.79.Add.109.En?Opendocument
                                                                                                .14     (2011 /
                23                  ) The Johannesburg Principles, http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/joburgprinciples.pdf 13
                                                                                                              .(2011        /


                                                                                          11               2011         /            |
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                                                                     .48    34                                                14

                                        .85   84                                                                              15

 International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression, “Joint declaration on defamation of religions, and anti- 16
       terrrorism and anti-extremism legislation,” December 9, 2008, http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/other/joint-
            .(2011      /         3                 ) declaration-on-defamation-of-religions-and-anti-terrorism-and-anti-ext.pdf


                                                                              .
                                                                                                                              17

seminar on the links between articles 19                 ”,Conference Room Paper #4“
  and 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR): Freedom of expression and advocacy of religious



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           3 2)                                               hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence
                                                                                                                                 .(2008                      /
The Administration of Justice in Tunisia: Torture, Trumped-Up Charges and a Tainted Trial, Vol. 12, No.                                                            18

                                                             ./http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/tunisia 2000                              /                (1 (E


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                                                        The Administration of Justice in Tunisia                                                 19




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                                             128             125
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                            :                                                                                      :           20

                                                                             http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2005/04/28
               articles of Agence Tunis Afrique Presse, June 15, 2010 and La Presse de Tunisie, June 16, 2010      :           21




                                                    16
121 128
                                 2011   /  29               .

121                                                  .
                                                22
                      2011            31    .                                       128
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  http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2011/06/09                                 :       :     22




                                           17        2011       /   |
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                               Freedom House, Freedom on the Net 2011: A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media,                 :    23

       False Freedom: Online censorship in the                        www.freedomhouse.org/images/File/FotN/FOTN2011.pdf
    Middle East and North Africa, Vol. 17, No. 10(E) November 2005, http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/11/14/false-freedom-
                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                  .            24

      /       15   :                                                                false freedoms
                                                                                                     :                                         25




                                                                          18
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                                                           43         34                                                      26

Manfred Nowak, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, CCPR Commentary, (Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N.P. :               27

                                                                                                     .Engel) 1993, pp. 291-294
                                                                :16                                                      :    28

                                                                           .8   7            8/4/88 (17            )


                                                           19                       2011         /         |
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  17                 ) 16, 2011, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/132/01/PDF/G1113201.pdf?OpenElement
                                                                                            .57     (2011 /
   19                        ) http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=188885#LinkTarget_357                                   30

                                                                                                                  .(2011       /
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                                                                                                                          .48 38


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                                                           30                             .


        .                                    1/13381                                      2009        /            9                                    33

                                                                                                                       .
                                                                        2004.                 /   13 ,                                             :    34

    “Police Use Force to Block Rights Meeting,” http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2004/12/13/tunisia-police-use-force-block-
                                                                                                     rights-meeting.



                                                                        23                            2011                 /       |
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                                             2010 1990                                          ."           "

                                                         .
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                                                                                                                  1995 1992
                   "         "                                                                                                           .35
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                                                                                                                                               36
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                                                 .
                                                                                                                            37
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                                             "                         "                    "
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                                                                                                                    ...




                                      2004           /       24                                                                                         35

                                                                                                http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2007/04/24-3
               2009     /        12                                                                                                       :             36

                                                                                                    http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2009/03/12
Tunisia: A Lawsuit against the Human Rights League, An Assault on All Human Rights Activists, Vol. 13,                                                  37

    http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2001/04/01/tunisia-lawsuit-against-human-rights-league-assault-all-                      2001               (No. 3(E
                                                                                                                     .18         rights-activists



                                                                           24
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                                     1992   2

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            .1992                           1994




                            25              2011    /   |
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                                        :                                                                    21

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                                                                                                            38
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                                        39
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    ."                                                   "


                                    .



              .
                                                             2008              /         30
                    .
                                             .2009                /       1


                                .

                        "                    "
                                                     .
         .


                                                 .Manfred Nowak, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, pp. 394-396 38
                                                                      1969           /    24                4 69           39

                                                                                                                 .2


                                                             26
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                                   .

                           2011                 /
      .
                                                                            2010
.40
           .                                                               2011          /


      13                                        1999
                                                                      41
                                                                        .

                                                      .




                   .2011   /           1                                                           40

                                           .The Administration of Justice in Tunisia :             41




                                           27                      2011        /         |
.5


                          .                                                                                           .

                                                  "                                                          10
12                                                                                              ."
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               1975   /      14                   40 75
     /     2              77 98                                                     .
                                                                                                                                  1998
                                                                                        .

                                                                                40 75                            13
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                                                                   .

                                                                                                                               1995
                                                                                            .
                              2006                  /      12               .2006    /    18
                                                  2006                       /    27   ."                         "
                                                               .

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                 "                                                                      1975     40 75
                                                                                         ."
                                                                                        2007                 /            25      .
                      2007                    /       22                                   .
                                                                                                 .
               2009       /    11                                           .
                                                                       42
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   promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin, on his
                                                                  mission to Tunisia (22-26 January 2010), December 28,
  (2011            /          23                 )   2010, A/HRC/16/51/Add.2, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4d53c5092.html
                                                                                                                               .7
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while                          45

                                                                        .countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin, on his mission to Tunisia
                                                                                         2003     /        10           75 2003          46

                           .(2011   /           18                 ) http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/terror/terror1015.htm


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                    37       2011   /   |
H UMA N R I G H TS WATCH
350 Fifth Avenue, 34 th Floor
                                H U M A N
  New York, NY 10118-3299
                                R I G H T S

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القوانين القمعية في تونس و مقترحات للاصلاح

  • 1. H U M A N R I G H T S W A T C H
  • 2.
  • 3. Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-817-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 hrwnyc@hrw.org Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 berlin@hrw.org Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 hrwbe@hrw.org 51, Avenue Blanc 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 hrwgva@hrw.org 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 hrwuk@hrw.org 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 paris@hrw.org 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 hrwdc@hrw.org Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org
  • 4. 2011 / 1-56432-817-1 1 .......................................................................................................................... 3 ............................................................................................. 3............................................................................................... .1 3................................................................ .2 3.................................................................................... .3 4 ......................................................................... .4 4 .............................................................................................. .5 4 ............................................................................................... .6 4 ........................................ .7 4 ......................................................................................... .8 5................................................................. .9 5............................................ .10 6 ..................................................................................... 10 : 6 ................................................................................... .1 8 ...................................................................................................... 8 ........................................................................................... 9 ............................................. 10 ..................................................................... " " 11............................................................................... " " 13 ....................................... ( ) 14 ....................................................................................... " " 15 ................................................................................... 16 .............. " " 18 ......................................................................................................... : .2 18 ........................................... 20 ............................................................................. 22 ............................................................ .3 26 ............................................. .4 28 .......................................................... .5
  • 5. 29 .................... ( ) .6 30 ......................................... .7 31 .............................................. .8 32 .................. " " .9 32 ..................................................... 34 ................................................ 36 ............................................ .10 37 .................................................................................................................
  • 6. 23 / . 1959 . .2011 / 14 23 . . . . . . . . . . 24 / 23 . 1 2011 /
  • 7. 1969 .11983 . . . 101 1999 2 . . ( 65 ) . 2011 / " 8 . " 10 ." ." . / 14 . . . G.A. : 1966 / 16 1 23 ,Res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171 .1976 / 19 ) http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/cp/cp1005.htm 2 .(2011 / 2
  • 8. : ( 1) . 26 (2) " " " " .. . .1 : () " " " " ( )" "[ ] (i) . " " " " (ii) (iii) ( ) " " " " . .2 " (1997 / 22 ) " . .3 1959 / 7 154 59 ) () : ( 3 2011 / |
  • 9. (i) . . (ii) ( ) ( ) (" ") . ( ) . .4 " ." .5 1969 / 24 4 69 ) . ( . . .6 1975 / 14 40 75 ) " (1998 / 2 77 98 ." .7 (1969 / 8 25 69 ) . . 30 30 . .8 . 4
  • 10. .9 : 2003 " " () . " " " " ( ) ( ) : . (i) . (ii) . .10 " ." . . 5 2011 / |
  • 11. 10 : .1 ( ) .3 / 23 . . . " (50 ) (51 )" .( ) .( 7) 10 . 52 ) " " ( ) (48 .( 1000 7000 ) " " / 23 . 25 . : 19 . .1 .2 . : 1975 / 28 29 32 1975 3 (2011 / 19 ) http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/cpresse/menu.html 6
  • 12. 2 .3 . : () . ( ) " " [ ] " 20 ". : . ...21 ... [19 ]3 .22 " " : 3 ( ) () . ...3 ...25 . ... [ ] 3 ...30 ... 27 . .34 " " ... 4 ... CCPR/C/GC/34, .2011 / 21 :19 34 4 .34 21 (2011 / 31 ) http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/gc34.pdf "19 " . ) ": 7 2011 / |
  • 13. : . (1) (2) . . (3) . (4) " 245 168) 240 247 " . ( 50 840 84 ) 1200 120 / 16 840) 1200 52 .( ( . " 2002 .5" . : . ... .47 . http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/the-camden- : " ( .(2011 / 31 ) principles-on-freedom-of-expression-and-equality.pdf 2002 / 2 5 . .(2011 / 31 ) http://www.cidh.oas.org/relatoria/showarticle.asp?artID=87&lID=1 8
  • 14. . ... 6 . 2000 . 19 : • ... . . • • . • . . • . • . .7 • . . : . . 47 34 6 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom , 7 / 18 of opinion and expression, Mr. Abid Hussain, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution UN Doc. E/CN.4/2000/63 ,521999/36 2000 9 2011 / |
  • 15. . . 8 ... . : 1968 . . 10 2 9 . : " 10 ". 53 52 48 . . " " . :2010 / 20 . .38 34 8 Lingens v. Austria, 8 July 1986, Application No. 9815/82, para. 42 : 9 http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=695400&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumb (2011 8 ) er&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 Thoma v. Luxembourg, 29 March 2001, Application No. 38432/97, para. 47, : 10 ) http://www.iidh.ed.cr/comunidades/libertadexpresion/docs/le_europeo/thoma%20vs%20luxembourg%202001.htm .(2011 / 8 10
  • 16. 11 . . 12 . " " " : ()7 13 . (51 ) .(247 245 ) . 840 84) 1200 120 ( ) .( ) " " 2001 .( " " 48 .53 48 " ( ) . " " " ) ... " 53 .( " " " .( 840 84) 1200 120 ( ) A/HRC/14/23, 11 17 ) April 10, 2010, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.23.pdf .85 84 (2011 / UN Document CCPR/C/79/Add. : 12 17 ) 109, 27 July 1999 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CCPR.C.79.Add.109.En?Opendocument .14 (2011 / 23 ) The Johannesburg Principles, http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/joburgprinciples.pdf 13 .(2011 / 11 2011 / |
  • 17. 20 19 . 19 : . 2 20 .26 18 17 5 2 3 19 . 14 . . " 15 ". ": 2008 16 ". 2008 / : . 17 . .48 34 14 .85 84 15 International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression, “Joint declaration on defamation of religions, and anti- 16 terrrorism and anti-extremism legislation,” December 9, 2008, http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/other/joint- .(2011 / 3 ) declaration-on-defamation-of-religions-and-anti-terrorism-and-anti-ext.pdf . 17 seminar on the links between articles 19 ”,Conference Room Paper #4“ and 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR): Freedom of expression and advocacy of religious 12
  • 18. 1991 / 1990 / " ( ) " " . ." . ( ) 18 1999 ( ) . 51 50 " " " .1996 / " " " " " ." " . .18" " "( ) 51 2001 ." 2001 / 26 ( ) . . 2001 / 11 ( ) ( ) . . (3)19 ." " ( ) ( ) " " " " . . 60 59 54 48 " " " 54 ( ) ." 840 84) 1200 120 16 ." " ( 3 2) hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence .(2008 / The Administration of Justice in Tunisia: Torture, Trumped-Up Charges and a Tainted Trial, Vol. 12, No. 18 ./http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/tunisia 2000 / (1 (E 13 2011 / |
  • 19. " " 48 ( 1400 700 ) . " " 60 59 / 59 . . / 16 60 44 . . . 44 ... " ( 1400 700) [ ] 48 ." . 1999 . 44 13 .19 " " " " 49 " " " " .( 1400 70) 100 / 1998 / " " ( ) 1997 / 29 ." " . 15 . The Administration of Justice in Tunisia 19 14
  • 20. 2000 / 30 " " 2000 / . ." " .2000 / 1994 / 24 ( )" " " " . . . . .( ) " " 2003 / 23 / 23 . . 2003 . . . " " 25 ." " . " 2009 / 29 / ." : " " 2001 " " " 121 . 1200 120 ( ) .( 840 84 )" 15 2011 / |
  • 21. 121 49 121 . . 121 2005 / 25 2004 ( ) ). .( 18 24 .20 .2007 / " " 61 2010 / " . ". " . " " . " 61 ." " : " " 21 . 61 . 128 125 . : : 20 http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2005/04/28 articles of Agence Tunis Afrique Presse, June 15, 2010 and La Presse de Tunisie, June 16, 2010 : 21 16
  • 22. 121 128 2011 / 29 . 121 . 22 2011 31 . 128 . http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2011/06/09 : : 22 17 2011 / |
  • 23. : .2 . 23 .( ) 1997 . . 24 . " 1997 / 22 501 97 .(" " )" " ) 1997 / 14 . ( " . 25 . 19 : . 3 .[19 ] .3 Freedom House, Freedom on the Net 2011: A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media, : 23 False Freedom: Online censorship in the www.freedomhouse.org/images/File/FotN/FOTN2011.pdf Middle East and North Africa, Vol. 17, No. 10(E) November 2005, http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/11/14/false-freedom- 0 . 24 / 15 : false freedoms : 25 18
  • 24. 3 26 . : 17 .1 . . .2 " " . . .27 : ... . . ... .28 : " " . 43 34 26 Manfred Nowak, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, CCPR Commentary, (Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N.P. : 27 .Engel) 1993, pp. 291-294 :16 : 28 .8 7 8/4/88 (17 ) 19 2011 / |
  • 25. 29 . " " . ) .( ) ( . . : 9 30 . . . . . . 3 9 ." " . 31 . A/HRC/17/27 May 29 17 ) 16, 2011, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/132/01/PDF/G1113201.pdf?OpenElement .57 (2011 / 19 ) http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=188885#LinkTarget_357 30 .(2011 / La Rue, A/HRC/17/27 " " [ ] 31 .48 38 20
  • 26. 8 5 . :" " . . 9 7 . " " " " . " " " " " . 121 : . " " • . " " • . .(11 ) . . . . . 21 2011 / |
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  • 28. 5 . . 2 . 2 " ." . 2002 / 2004 / 29 . 2004 / 15 . " . ... .33" .2010 / 22 1999 . 12 1999 . " " . / 11 .( . : ) 2004 . 34 ." " . . . " 24 ". " " " " 30 . . 1/13381 2009 / 9 33 . 2004. / 13 , : 34 “Police Use Force to Block Rights Meeting,” http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2004/12/13/tunisia-police-use-force-block- rights-meeting. 23 2011 / |
  • 29. / " " . 2010 1990 ." " . . . 2011 1995 1992 " " .35 . . 2008 / / 13 36 . 2000 / 30 .30 . 37 . . 1992 . " " " ." : 2 ... 2004 / 24 35 http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2007/04/24-3 2009 / 12 : 36 http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2009/03/12 Tunisia: A Lawsuit against the Human Rights League, An Assault on All Human Rights Activists, Vol. 13, 37 http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2001/04/01/tunisia-lawsuit-against-human-rights-league-assault-all- 2001 (No. 3(E .18 rights-activists 24
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  • 32. " " " 29 . " " ." . 2011 / . 2010 .40 . 2011 / 13 1999 41 . . .2011 / 1 40 .The Administration of Justice in Tunisia : 41 27 2011 / |
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  • 34. ( ) .6 ( 1988 / 3 32 88 ) " 3 . ." . .( 27 ) . . . . 2011 / 14 4 .( ) " 5 ." . 29 2011 / |
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  • 36. .8 1967 / 14 29 67 2005 . . . . . 2004 / . . 2005 / 30 43 . . ). 160 .( 436 2009 .( 420) 2005 . . Rapport sur les revendications des magistrats tunisiens et les menaces au droit d’association” “ 43 2005 / 16 (“Report on the demands of Tunisian judges and on threats to the right of association”), http://nawaat.org/portail/2005/09/22/amtrapport-sur-les-revendications-des-magistrats-tunisiens-et-les-menaces-au- .(2011 / 29 ) /droit-d%E2%80%99association 31 2011 / |
  • 37. " " .9 / 44 .2003 . . . . . 45 . 2003 : 4 . 46 . 44 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the .2009 1123 promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin, on his mission to Tunisia (22-26 January 2010), December 28, (2011 / 23 ) 2010, A/HRC/16/51/Add.2, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4d53c5092.html .7 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while 45 .countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin, on his mission to Tunisia 2003 / 10 75 2003 46 .(2011 / 18 ) http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/terror/terror1015.htm 32
  • 38. 15 " . " " " " " " ." ... " " . 47 . 11 . ." [ ] " : 12 12 . . . : 19 ]3 " " " " .[19 " " " " " " . . . 48 . : 12 13 ... . Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the 47 promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin, December (2011 / 19 ) 28, 2005, E/CN.4/2006/98, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/441181f10.html III .46 34 48 33 2011 / |
  • 39. " " . " " . . 18 14 . . . . . 2007 2011 / 11 . . . 2010 / . . . / . " " . 2011 . ": 22 . ." . 49 . . 14 49 1999 . 34
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  • 41. .10 " 41 2008 ." " " . " " . : (1 .2011 / . (2 . . . " 32 ." 36
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