2. Gender
• Originally based on physical characteristic, known as biological sex
• Has evolved to the meaning of who you identify with more in terms of
male or female
• In today’s society, gender can be changed by “science”
• Gender has been very coexistent with sexual orientation
• Feminism: women empowerment
• Marxist Feminist: assures male dominance
• In accordance with gender, men commit more crimes then women
• The crimes of men have decreased while the crimes of women have
increased on the other hand
• Figure 11.1 “Ten-year arrest trends by sex” displays all the statistics.
• Figure 11.1 also shows that although men is decreasing and women is
increasing in crime, men decreased in major crimes like rape and women
have increased in “large based population” crimes like burglary and
robbery
3. Race/Ethnicity
• Race is normally decided by skin color, hair texture, facial features, and
statures
• Race is socially constructed
• Ethnicity is based on common culture traits, such as, language, religion,
and custom.
• Whites are represented mostly in non-index crimes
DUI
Liquor Laws
Drunkenness
• Blacks are normally expected in arrests for violent index crimes
Murder and non-negligent manslaughter
Robbery
• Figure 11.2 shows the statistics of race and crimes, but the population
percentage of these races works concurrently with what race commits
more crimes
