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Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)

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Centre for Financial Accountability
Centre for Financial Accountability

This brief report aims to throw light on the critical lapses and breaches which have been committed during the design, pre-appraisal and Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment – Environment and Social Management Framework (SESA-ESMF) procedures for Project PI59808: India- Proposed Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project, by both World Bank [for 300 mn USD] and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Project PD000019-PSI-IND [for 200 mn USD]. The report also shares the recent updates from the communities of the project area ear-marked for building the capital city. This project has now been renamed in 2019 as Amaravati Sustainable Infrastructure and Institutional Development Project (ASIIDP), in both the World Bank and AIIB project pages. The Centre for Financial Accountability aims to strengthen and improve financial accountability within India by engaging in critical analysis, monitoring and critique of the role of financial institutions – national and international, and their impact on development, human rights and the environment, amongst other areas. For more information visit http://www.cenfa.org Get in touch with us at info@cenfa.org We also publish Finance Matters, a weekly newsletter on the development finance. The archive can be accessed at http://www.cenfa.org/newsletter-archive/ To subscribe, email us at newsletter@cenfa.org

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Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing Amaravati Capital City Project (2014-2019)
Research: Tani Alex Layout: Ankit Agrawal Published by: Centre for Financial Accountability New Delhi www.cenfa.org info@cenfa.org Cover Photo: Rahul Maganti/PARI April 2019 Copyleft: Free to use any part of this document for non-commercial purpose, with acknowledgement of source. For Private Circulation Only
3 Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing Amaravati Capital City Project (2014-2019)
4 Background of the Amaravati Project (2014-2017) Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the Amaravati Capital City Project. Photo courtesy: AP Capital Region Development Authority A fter bifurcation of the erstwhile Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in June 2014, both the new states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh are sharing the Hyderabad as capital for 10 years. In September 2014, N Chandrababu Naidu, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh announced that a single capital would be built for the State. Amaravati, the proposed capital city covers an area of 217. 23 sq. km with the seed capital in an area of 16.94 sq. km, while the entire capital region pans over a spread of 8352.69 sq.km across both Krishna and Guntur districts of the State of Andhra Pradesh. The city specifically is planned to be built in Guntur district on the banks of the Krishna River, which is hailed as the rice-bowl of the State with 120 multi- crops irrigated on the floodplains. The area sited for the city presently has a population of 1.03 lakh while that of the entire capital region would be 5.8 million. The following contraventions of this project are elicited, during 2014-2017, with regard to World Bank’s Operational Policies, in a concentrated effort to prevent forthcoming irreplaceable damages to peoples’ lives. World Bank’s Operational Policies framework have been employed here as AIIB has agreed that the Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies and related procedures of the World Bank will apply to this project; and that AIIB will rely on the World Bank’s determination as to whether compliance with those policies and procedures have been achieved under the project.
5 Summary of Violations 1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment 2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats 3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources 4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement 5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests 1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment 1.1. After the introduction of the concept plan for a greenfield Capital City in June 2015, a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was executed by Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd (TCE) from May-August 2015 and Environment Mitigation Plan (EMP) was prepared. Construction activities of the interim Government complex were progressing at Velagapudi and a temporary secretariat is already established. The initial leveling and construction activities for the capital city had begun prior to the disclosure of EA report to the public. Without the project-affected communities comprehending the enormity of the project and their consequences, the EA report was processed and “considering that Article 19 of the Constitution entitles the citizen to know and since that right stands infringed in this case, the whole process of EIA and issuance of the EC stand vitiated.”1 Discrepancies in publishing the Environment Clearance (EC) report to the public and uploading it at APCRDA (Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority) website at the event of NGT petitions is misleading and accordingly, presenting false information for obtaining EC triggers action by way of revocation of the EC for the project. 1.2. It is claimed that both EIA and EMP underwent significant scrutiny by the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority and Amaravati Capital City project was accorded environmental clearance during October 2015.2 Yet there are reports of forgery, 1 Noted Indian environmentalist and NGT peti- tioner EAS Sharma, in a letter addressed to B. S. S. Prasad, Member Secretary (APPCB),& Ex-officio Member Secre- tary (SEIAA), Hyderabad 2 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Management Framework (SESA-ESMF), February and petitions have been submitted to the National Green Tribunal (NGT) stating that the EIA and EMP reports were tailored to suit the needs of the GoAP.3 Since SESA-ESMF is the “overarching framework” that regulates the environmental and social safeguards at both the project’s development and implementation stages, we are apprehensive that SESA-ESMF document prepared for Amaravati misinforms the project affected communities, consultants, civic bodies, NGOs, and allied concerned groups. 1.3. The project is rendered Category A status and it will usher in high risk adverse impacts on the natural environment of the earmarked areas of Guntur- Krishna districts, percolating to the surrounding habitats as well. It is believed that the Bank has merely assessed the extent of the nature of the risk and have not adequately provided “…for assessment of feasible investment, technical, and siting alternatives, including the “no action” alternative, potential impacts, feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, their suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training and monitoring requirements associated with them”(OP/ BP 4.01 A.4).4 1.4. The Shivaramakrishnan Committee, appointed by the State in 2014 for a new capital, after various consultations with numerous stakeholders across the thirteen districts of AP, came out with recommendations for least dislocation of the existing agricultural lands along Krishna-Guntur belt and also cautioned about diverting fertile farmlands with 120 multi-crops for developmental purposes (Report of the Expert Committee 2014).5 To the dismay of the agrarian communities, GoAP unnervingly rejected the propositions and sited one of the richest food-belts of India for erecting the new capital city, forfeiting national food security for infrastructure development. We also fear that once developmental activities progress, the project executing agency will not repeal the same. Subsequently, petition has been filed to the NGT for the protection of these fertile lands with a call for considering it immediately before 3 The Hindu: (2017) NGT hearings on Amara- vati over. Accessed from: http://www.thehindu.com/ todays‐paper/tp‐national/tp‐andhrapradesh/ngt-hear- ings-on-amaravati-over/article18171374.ece 4 World Bank (2005): Operational Policies ,The World Bank Operations Manual, March 5 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.
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253 25 77 46 66 150 67 333 32 57 210 93 51 152 231 13 58 311 321 136 80 22 257 269 30 386 13 172 166 18 120 252 72 116 232 447 8 143 64 76 79 179 13 331 276 19 58 74 434 41 61 142 20 180 279 50 108 89 95 265 24 26 451 77 430 308 85 259 135 51 23 81 143 24 56 150 87 64 32 811 265 6 16 39 311 124 76 16 60 14 1 25 64 125 392 38 157 109 52 48 256 364 50 83 107 467 152 158 274 8 229 81 82 125 168 28 95 85 53 7 192 37 371 1/12 455 435 196 489 36 40 65 768 408 94 297 135 72 3 31 298 363 125 384 156 62 54 50 174 17 142 267 231 193 170 34 637 74 105 17 85 29 96 342 134 66 340 22 166 33 112 242 35 59 230 67 18 552 254 477 54 457 252 254 115 157 366 17 103 69 16 264 108 86 337 88 37 138 265 178 363 3 4 122 567 451 98 130 266/5 116 38 361 110 153 99 47 512 89 416 108 91 174 313 206 276 23 29 176 69 44 98 52 592 13 84 64 55 34 32 178 68 95 222 362 9 87 119 493 42 30 116 24 248 79 285 56 76 58 62 356 101 168 258 198 269 71 181 224 231 127 425 196 34 485 101 255 355 61 39 217 108 14 214 105 551 471 27 107 17 46 60 78 66 574 299 70 482 76 181 6 61 58 241 15 127 669 144 111 51 146 330 265/2 153 51 92 50 440 76 3 33 115 15 14 268 160 340 199 418 206 63 302 62 322 366 486 126 44 16 64 89 104 480 195 45 402 22 166 184 52 26 202/B 95 189 727 75 154 74 18 327 322 376 277 29 193 79 273 372 11 87 5 36 38 202 28 117 63 32 134 78 31 354 74 88 150 43 68 360 65 141 72 149 195 102 111110 790 197 78 82 72 53 219 734 60 280 113 207 45 31 97 486 62 121 13 54 133 11 60 546 209 205 348 233 157 13 193 188 333 70 104 7 36 333 227 351 254 50 176 211/1 73 114 244 118 245 37 205 129 268 156 117 78 211 101 23 155 265/1 57 406 126 170 97 338 26 72 282 113 265/6 19 61 164 223 59 94 106 63 413 360 309 281 294 76 147 355 642 75 364 145 96 134 145 455 453 73 128 155 165 221 329 163 22 168 96 17 193 45 502 177 167 24 63 293 29 68 61 73 403 171 6 309 280 207 320 156126 66 76 41 68 131 183 47 233 87 479 190 81 139 233 237 486 156 47 119 62 176 44 101 28 338 244 284 335 217 97 116 452 498 268 176 227 12 213 26 166 216 131 139 223 53 408 75 52 633 16 89 32 73 107 157 493 8 21 19 71 219 593 306 369 129 270 352 86 110 46 77 18 56 175 88 499 318 60 4 228 81 358 55 342 156 90 800 184 56 269 326 24 295 263 60 12 105 206 103 117 641 205 50 72 10 65 60 549 69 599 277 154 252 216 274 57 68 149 12 210 54 143 132 199 73 269 806 201 134 225 191 60 481 158 116 59 153 277 185 73 814 134 151 230 460 144 359 143 114 407 339 281 23 52 248 318 164 177 288 76 483 41 338 277 20 279 110 86 225 33 356 169 212 260 60 263 54 52 371 195 141 226 489 330 22 311 200 343 446 159 142 179 769 56 119 13 273 207 387 140 170 151 431 82 403 151 202 132 5 40 323 163 189 117 80 248 6 373 251 292 431 105 288 100 181 349 132 160 107 196 278 725 383 294 7 110 69 107 10 616 117 437 43 332 64 781 76 70 249 52 3 24 44 79 161 59 482 597 40 36 279 210 153 331 777 320 144 265/4 226 63 16 131 199 223 218 250 70 296 111 96 32 155 79 111 107 15 325 8 568 557 99 255 279 494 271 57 37 67 188 240 295 449 212 350 81 156 186 120 66 132 172 23 148 221 250250 65 17 299 363 276 25 13 344/6 45 27/A 458 89 97 124 126 329 156 89 121 159 65 24 13 169 23 365 450 13 191 128 290 234 300 262 57 326 149 23 328 151 250 220 57 319 183 87 173 191 370 89 462 25 89 72 22 100 132 35 98 255 228 441 161 406 119 91 143 137 152 23 61 26 474 247 89 118 58 131 94 117 105 110 271 366 179 114 43 134 260 173 369 263 488 41 95 316 101 367 379 191 180 38 361 75 787 50 42 81 39 90 228 301 457 109 415 586 219 393 280 459 100 353 69 267 77 60 136 324 250 466 539 194 99 227 102 35 267 375 208 246 321 270 462 123 195 115 359 216 201 91 178 230 354 181 130 86 49 62 83 34 461 35 296 81 454 422 227 419 10 126 40 258 456 250 1/11 113 46 319 341 165 42 59 312 268 18 538 317 82 75 188 18 116 30 101 46 413 247 374 295 49 352 487 98 15 261 99 94 277 116 85 348 123 71 97 51 164 148 501 277 245 72 378 131 297 62 368 243 278 167 22 90 114 131 262 100 412 307 27 182 187 76 95 243 465 154 84 87 278 24 186 430 130 572 154 21 146 8 194 229 323 190 150 56 607 82 104 25 83 292 370 168 77 566 36 70 80 447 365 75 354 109 94 164 275 145 101 143 34 152 190 44 342 139 605 150 414 222 14 131 137 90 336 408 74 198 26 175 150 145 391 21 186 100 148 200 456 59 488 158/A 678 155 67 45 29 153 310 115 127 22 25 345 475 165 187 136 316 55 506 51 12 771 48 59 177 53 55 265/3 119 145 70 57 175 483 154 265 443 35 37 15 106 15 179 345 270 483 18 131 248 291 234 184 66 278 325 172 100 148 129 16 251 179 128 30 28 299 321 79 56 330 228 305 153 77 323 171 446 103 321 396 162 154 249 336 561 28 11 364 219 100 111 34 200 56 91 346 40 230 73 185 228 341 158 210 202/A 111 657 33 385 237 73 173 211 24 148 136 58 16 253 49 445 86 508 244 254 53 272 104 269 42 118 280 117 188 482 252 135 69 49 127 108 80 289 422 252 381 38 129 199 120 284 25 14 99 84 38 20 571 106 84 108 25 20/A 68 75 233 131 61 243 503 196 314 266 176 152 210 133 207 175 361 1/1 139 168 491 240 253 117 231 303 162 60 277 83 162 359 166 192 11 118 119 140 148 313 275 140 311 278 328 411 415 97 24 23 109 434 242 385 129 360 387 419 164 608 238 80 335 275 125 184 27 28 20 279 86 87 11 184 227 788 341 129 41 221 51 54 272 323 110 46 167 443 798 24 328 226 20 92 315 158 48 152 159 81 156 147 79 82 291 453 13 17 224 115 42 146 109 12/A 363 249 283 139 355 180 596 115 70 126 652 241 17 181 786 146 347 26 460 68 331 284 243 392 185 14 161 12 300 236 31 463 41 348 470 50 157 65 269 138 100 32 258 77 265 20 124 197 135 371 105 322 255 49 173 251 201 22 82 64 541 197 88 22 362 308 10 67 47 292 388 40 160 51 296 78 174 65 538 33 112 302 190 113 387 224 272 380 348 38 260 232 439 263 156 100 36 21 39 56 61 309 95 40 101 120 11 231 400 478 29 84 44 294 239 145 122 102 311 53 103 206 238 35 1/4 127 644 147 246 237 266/7 159 214 462 208 805 381 50 218 18 271 489 559 170 383 79 414 102 298 244 208 111 75 108 103 69 23 643 90 234 182 327 272 253 122 270 236 49 304 69 366 55 376 424 401 342 68 368 270 359 446 63 29 442 357 469 374 18 186 113 27 182 189 775 161 13 610 185 159 293 20 256 50 354 810 106 422 138 20 166 130 188 38 202 171 389 69 17 67 132 423 394 16 330 137 174 427 94 80 273 50 283 100 323 4663 21 174 11 108 129 127 18 93 328 164 335 409 119 289 784 241 205 83 61 44 457 255 69 142 228 111 578 224 72 110 481 137 76 297 116 169 454 160 135 796 130 82 262 390 188 304 282 90 223 68 81 352 156 313 51 89 159 308 195 339 80 257 456 361 429 347 289 320 102 49 482 411 235 447 10 356 127 160 534 269 74 228 498 412 302 104 283/B 75 266 152 36 169 43 103 432 174 329 315 382 161 419 107 353 221 428 105 533 779 312 121 40 413 217 310 114 221 143 79 662 73 505 18 317 32 121 83 311 211 346 617 469 109 31 600 271 421 259 21 85 355 64 44 35 225 645 401 89 21 152 148 147 297 625 196 423 369 615 357 121 242 152 209 180 84 191 306 50 352 54 183 64 519 88 229 18 157 121 544 176 429 801 344 114 395 464 99 155 24 346 232 347/14 25 274 227 436 11 207 242 458 352 400 44 357 258 208 283 284 1/10 99 283/A 134 181 10 236 259 93 130 41 217 92 92 623 144 628 274 487 138 162 262 13 180 331 61 126 186 22 396 604 45 24 780 193 282 282 301 374 182 161 120 112 77 82 167 500 297 466 658 181 105 35 455 57 128/A 183 62 347/6 185 407 348 258 449 270 131 427 268 373 484 155 363 40 48 265/8 112 196 476 235 647 67 347/3 315 117 222 465 362 17 334 11 10 256 267 202 111 167 10 225 184 78 622 38 93 158 192 66 265 182 133 106 111 91 204 8 261 320 267 17 161 195 259 435 4661 554 60 492 63 240 78 14 316 283 177 121 515 115 71 634 42 218 172 170 397 175 238 266/A 693 296 464 23 146 269 48 276 176 453 371 383 77 130 280 448 163 56 95 325 367 10 359 789 267 655 128 515 66 265 378 138 216 161 92 167 48 405 2 108 192 58 85 154 135 198 674 266/2 425 123 24 472 162 513 306 311 317 175 444 45 355 59 305 180 249 359 410 73 126 14 82 130 104 32 157 100/A 75 266 255 347/1 153 101 76 62 160 395 238 268 177 438 364 400 212 268 121 78 165/A 294 125 279 382 100 129 429 102 321 49 100 266/8 15 124 293 278 10 140 216 590 423 102 210 418 424 152 47 132 419 326 262 71 150 205 629 132 234 12 186 71 813 344/4 517 109 386 4654 543 133 106 525 154 234 475 192 181 197 438 303 161 307 72 187 247 575 104 235 35 321 226 71 389 582 26/A 116 619 167 132 74 332 73 170 130 281 18/A 20 162 319 128 85 36 190 162 97 97 198 90/B 56 144 472 30 91/A 98 300 563 435 47 189 313 263 101 360 145 29 168 12 57 90/A 465 302 198 366 455 191 52 243 185 45 339 122 149 15 156 391 21 303 253 381 314 229 394 32 179 144 441 265 177 262 382 176 317 32 142 217 80 9 113 151 344 488 287 318 422 96 261 295 517 89 566 676 99 184 139 84 107 428 312 442 636 197 38 79 193 94 36 109 354 268 360 103 158 826 219 182 266/6 30 50 55 316 132 243 261 282 332 334 298 830 281 424 550 728 37 521 70 52 325 267 47 684 63 263 23 450 473 300 357 131/A 563 220 103 224 370 168 163 201 490 45 110 100 250 130 163 365 294 340 50 229 304 230 571 70 124 271 51 103 825 222 356 84 108 133 41 27 468 564 125 543 229 82 31/A 180 410 237 263 63 206 102 242 476 565 195 1/2 172 506 107 150 245 59 443 247 16 375 52 198 193 507 398 820 246 466 229 240 330 183 296 427 64 34 290 327 159 211 123 333 473 257 822 670 125 475 112 347/17 151 13 60 279 160 67 184 431 118 547 250 334 316 65 227 306 558 140 549 581 102 230 469 42 313 290 347 532 18 444 283 231 251 62 281 369 469 65 153 454 108 543 264 246 45 546 16 406 463 155 95 536 265/14 274 555 126 378 7 260 324 189 705 470 680 380 817 566 34 14 143 124 349 103 540 49 795 122 38 337 244 61 445 432 286 576 510 184 632 278 214 320 528 127 508 155 156 245 575 62 183 433 161 29 110 544 166 556 542 280 107 284 314 280 460 556 247 564 117 256 104 229 260 459 123 522 573 28 568 507 135 136/B 618 567 46 690 137 281 539 274/C 167 473 101 18 471 41 569 740 567 277 370 103 553 511 557 436 166/B 248 548 47 304 439 347/2 310 530 306 133 203 558 259 164 117 226 27 580 217 138 265/5 276 526 114 34 217 104 235 509 503 257 102 445 39 294 370 285 823 289 565 504 345 37 401 26 155 246 276 284 570 191 242 577 112 204 202 332 373 254 549 216 104 370 100 62 137 819 322 328 109 116 49 256 277 224 467 262 490 91/B 178 417 190 144 62 371 118 34 47 376 175 97 541 205 235 293 262 524 314 544 574 818 271 444 232 572 666 106 194 67 651 379 282 33 816 103 252 284 449 28 497 92 210 255 49 491 114 232 292 487 109 173 21 542 685 15 107 113 345 45 255 351 128 237 231 741 134 491 104 113 394 504 313 463 297 160 500 526 304 298 492 252 71 209 150 280 172 247 302 393 285 254 441 246 489 203 315 39 695 232 492/1 31 824 319 261 351 557 439 266/4 121 337 192 67 325 687 440 319 269 207 536 298 4665 127 286/B 113 37 355 286 66 202/1 288 91 239 302 52 468 206 145 365 542 631 376 171 552 244 478 279 177 201 213 129 93 311 124 499 125 185 172 264 188 307 133 141 421 157 184 284/A 28 61 750 126 547 110 286 201 404 211 27 82 209 88 279 138 318 706 170 300 88 304 275 503 411 27 756 175 462 124 377 471 118 133 131 172 242 31 232 253 578 815 142 4652 300 309 281 139 525 531 283/C 203 755 134 287 190 18/C 307 377 362 148 457 46 458 574 92 529 373 33 226 546 304 450 271/A 473 162 193 201 113 4501 528 264 342 520 377 324 109 155 107 112 256 497 296/A 377 280 199 720 255 19 474 571 323 140 70 190 74 84 34 174 681 118 439 265 48 198 451 171 4653 35 286/C 319 165 141 273 48 261 434 123 409 247 36 353 96 168 437 222 261 194 26 585 219 72 318 29 438 358 268/A 310 67 171 47 43 79 93 312 315 178 235 149 215 493 21 35 295 112 107 46 530 290 198 287 195 213 459 500 28 759 170 50 197 206 144 29 55 94 438 738 187 216 162 14 296/B 26 668 202 471 258 102 259 22 34 290 232 45 724 114 56 129 739 7 63 53 44 345 51 138 50 56 1 65 95 138 9 793 1 10 148 26 27 151 364 1 225 79 11 49 215 41 263 104 24 11 30 188 19 481 1 229 337 25 40 336 46 64 40 53 55 54 13 3 49 55 792 194 124 163 50 1/15 100 204 635 5 248 116 24 244 19 30 404 240 99 103 43 130 265/11 3 244 257 287 1 103 134 62 147 703_1A 80 285 22 296 492 460 116 338 162 558 60 109 34 173 85 17 88 407 91 115 102 340 172 178 57 110 78 521 142 224 28 274 37 298 181 32 12 290 43 545 211 163 148 261 246 33 151 56 131 8 160 231 48 492 25 42 166 33 367 138 162 20/A 83 161 199 29 31 137 3 16 98 122 34 79 271 1 341 15 27 30 160 59 155 96 262 84 132 53 14 5 94 224 13 44 225 564 62 32 24 16 389 99 169 729 169 146 93 149 88 61 17 195 333 67 214 92 56 332 224 292 344 403 161 42 601 20 104 321 50 200 393 410 63 9 260 87 136 7 649 323 114 229 421 112 50 64 365 52 168 679 154 129 12 28 89 198 232 36 2 7 236 80 192 422 168 127 445 227 314 52 140 287 72 152 86 6 196 14 129 34 442 356 157 477 101 218 94 490 54 163 120 197 2 15 149 14 230 136 220 343 443 233 108 107 171 375 58 31 82 344/2 21 391 94/B 220 239 288 278 347/15 327 245 219 27 259 103 43 149 97 158 163 16 99 16 116 199 48 270 609 44 135 239 251 200/1 606 120 552 47 219 306 114 36 26 27 180 37 236 148 175 127 17 165 159 580 430 12 317 194 147 52 170 74 105 379 238 4 106 37 59 44 654 72 444 472 388 160 103 68 163 550 56 409 50 308 39 25 209 155 25 115 31 315 235 588 96 279 155 89 86 41 31 63 487 266/9 183 392 84 53 335 176 827 763 299 265/10 410 90 140 551 265 22 165 284 294 121 114 90 192 28 267/A 28 293 347 150 153 214 275 68 251 43 475 278 395 79 40 500 477 11 399 267 416 179 255 274 95 447 260 387 572 32 426 105 4 140 166 246 671 412 150 92 106 178 434 562 420 1 363 33 139 102 106 266/3 520 149 115 559 347 316 110 31 172 19 603 672 320 25 233 54 330 309 675 35 718 67 25 171 530 87 402 91 551 234 560 192 343 128 213 203 235 17 335 77 18 11 208 548 102 467 258 83 23 157 272 42 165 34 86 380 527 501 656 259 159 54 87 273 194 15 140 151 181 41 426 372 253 72 138 563 184 25 620 56 64 445 60 110 518 248 550 127 85 266 386 292 112 150 114 606/1 119 62 97 534 110 384 21 43 238 322 136/A 102 78 70 388 659 764 73 273 173 73 446 498 169 88 403 42 276 301 648 49 461 84 295 29 95 33 230 307 152 456 237 216 289 105 458 373 151 72 170 218 440 434 71 116 235 569 269 266/13 118 5 18/A 258 52 334 306 331 32 498 148 109 272 163 612 118 166/A 266/10 336 373 20/C 365 280 22 347/11 51 305 767 437 385 119 62 411 310 133 112 417 38 257 39 123 665 30 85 173 185/B 15 97 429 135 477 192 96 81 4655 697 425 435 129 90 125 53 354 626 265/12 145 165/C 199 107 126 53 141 254 248 21 202 281 91 247 307 159 8 245 347/13 109 47 225 169 290 782 39 421 175 128 30 259 167 40 193 211 59 206 374 699 200 274/A 397 156 83/B 120 41 179 251 529 696 43 188 181 19 114 214 41 195 203 259 11 281 264 12 333 109 83/A 284 119 51 309 247 409 516 154 283 425 21 242 13 48 124 173 170 290 303 409 377 143 49 9 53 366 44 290 621 285 57 117 272 220 157 256 310 171 194 112 254 6 185/A 565 4 303 496 402 161 83 180 85 378 48 64 118 388 29 630 627 249 537 474 168 220 87 88 262 365 341 46 109 83 24 122 264 327 478 172 109 158 149 194 13 72 480 111 364 14 20 468 463 250 173 324 249 146 270 142 88 111 223 426 67 291 105 447 220 110 317 541 170 468 186 386 37 219 6 131 256 172 412 302 22 46 667 256/A 794 49 264 221 545 89 472 283 146 31 470 269 183 145 474 342 113 352 141 7 362 134 113 653 157 351 329 208 259 57 80 302 47 379 74 11 350 66 213 45 294 65 273 53 251 127 73 218 289 556 288 123 70 469 96 185 499 62 89 136 198 146 278 125 570 32 383 47 138 180 55 39 86 166 160 197 158 208 139 158 238 82 278 514 291 69 110 139 358 48 448 168 4 103 583 253 105 301 92 363 464 828 312 219 102 528 10 266/1 129 180 124 688 209 18/B 249 121173 682 457 282 77 37 367 49 221 46 52 282 188 37 509 360 28 153 186 21/B 355 375 49 114 374 388 107 178 42 369 236 677 153 124 230 40 106 86 236 61 17 159 217 770 38 50 79 196 264 46 278 404 47 131 319 25 123 291 235 111 146 137 464 121 140 189 266 218 554 403 2 137 205 383 83 367 275 55 112 176 361 257 105 514 535 292 133 68 117 109 125 45 159 181 148 166 94 87 111 526 135 85 117 178 207 210 132 116 270 121 115 47 548 163 146 451 266/11 77 147 146 479 381 88 307 47 196 28 9 325 108/B 137 233 117 703/2 521 24 2 273 193 69 347/12 245 157 101 453 226 86 276 40 331 99 105 154 93 228 255 145 36 212 296 53 266 58 310 368 275 34 44 128 1 15 155 5 808 829 821 135 279 182 125 238 247 108/A 664 80 122 128 187 49 123 99 28 70 340 203 174 158/B 76 110 410 275 180 48 239 184 171/2 35 73 442 32 31 272 276 379 127 64 299 132 202 48 89 159 202 347/4 123 274 174 587 221 116 102 135 6 258 106 241 224 322 209 132 308 137 46 12/C 143 105 159 495 286/A 42 527 51 112 194 11 169 8 141 481 291 266 354 129 134 534 342 119 378 411 120 35 305 202 141 147 146 260 276 126 313 646 150 331 418 77 175 287 164 344 134 171/1 77 12 113 418 30 347 257 222 213 124 87 180 269 185 178 52 43 139 88 35 220 266 118 392 21 3 223 73 126 241 218 41 212 47 127 34 237 139 193_A 147 358 241 23 341 262 69 243 154 76 32 138 51 14 203 16 230 215 531 181 15 37 61 3 130 254 142 468 227 24 8 416 4662 569 375 128 26 71 35 98 201 126 191 74 138 221 38 579 248 431 65 115 115 168 663 802 135 215 27 240 12 182 179 1 102 164 86 406 177 260 155 553 347/16 1 214 86 48 357 640 228 207 18 29 267 67 297 256 344/1 162 314 55 12 133 45 348 124 142 347/7 128 256 692 121 581 136 139 196 347/5 79 289 344/7 276 537 244 24 240 4664 13 315 163 237 119 260 175 316 66 89 30 276 21 420 332 81 162 122 385 538 155 261 396 244 195 133 218 136 470 151 396 167 283/A 85 356 233 177 108 122 2 7 205 239 199 307 12 149 118 271 41 201/2 234 153 31 154 107 220 745 265/13 698 291 175 510 689 222 230 197 281 39 21/A 198 199 242 178 111 523 62 142 174 493 265 120 226 57 55 38 152 57 417 298 149 17 6 125 283 119 272 93 265 372 424 237 169 223 147 68 35 20 176 573 454 128/C 414 196 50 88 138 14 204 537 183 112 358 41 785 163 296 252 471 339 64 134 133 707 50 372/9 326 43 532 1 415 286 129 141 496 257 165 454 624 72 30 382 161 809 331 215 217 691 336 16 211 661 458 347/10 178 154 71 111 132 106 69 437 1 194 27 88 283 351 226 343 223 241 190 143 124 277 34 129 40 148 168 807 58/A 200 14 367 198 338 441 368 288 455 73 72 81 188 42 341 430 436 285 367 171 46 120 10 195 80 326 349 25 132 117 305 136 26 263 20 212 36 267 188 108 243 104 1/9 289 142 91 213 78 236 116 257 334 250 139 34 292 344/3 58 208 118 92 31 133 197 260 186 584 53 82 43 512 124 263 101 130 17 31 139 70 344/8 109 376 209 54 245 39 349 60 210 50 429 205 72 227 423 560 207 120 88 214 328 240 432 30 80 10 158 212 201 330 53 57 325 178 190 372/1 246 198 113 46 484 206 19 536 55 324 145 171 442 60 329 359 461 299 751 1 77 170 122 2 293 187 383 322 377 272 68 215 70 318 479 74 149 64 200 494 44 372/10 702 117 187 271 76 113 212 250 136 141 291 229 5 120 56 55 48 295 31 142 708 650 15 349 81 758 114 142 264 215 748 465 10 231 91 100/B 23 280 248 140 126 279 46 98 547 398 138 395 346 232 305 157 209 79 277 372 26/C 589 66 673 76 97 231 58/B 348 479 23 344 196 148 208 425 412 193 44 686 107 192 736 251 106 156 495 700 29 27 174 121 19 522 239 131 215 372/2 128/A 397 37 32 413 292 78 119 26 167 56 230 121 533 136 92 390 177 213 143 209 106 518 540 275/C 181 144 273 12 265/15 288 772 66 243 209 443 413 100 55 80 229 208 87 78 288 182 197 77 182 125 369 281 321 75 123 206 26 69 200 374 103 778 183 344/9 64 129 555 330 717 24 58 245 22 127 166 284 49 144 37 124 82 297 334 167 329 533 361 316 252 201/1 143 216 46 137 4 639 272 82 165 252 128 147 450 347/18 216 381 30 83 524 361 104 27 285 165/B 298 225 151 237 274 18 271/C 1 293 275 299 151 10 142 139 347/9 308 433 5 51 255 257 211 35 152 55 219 294 376 26/B 101 364 191 41 694 19 3 232 205 21 12/B 535 123 128/B 287 300 103 747 42 421 427 254 48 211 27 280 13 285 169 69 20/B 335 82 26 339 158 510 31 93 94 100 112 135 80 40 214 186 309 399 86 111 166 182 416 288 222 189 136 126 112 160 28 401 420 275 54 187 65 233 485 466 186 111 209 319 231 288 277 103 575 43 125 189 19 190 245 75 90 31 50 309 239 78 144 142 334 207 85 130 76 326 4 164 152 193 234 399 74 182 104 343 283 240 189 375 102 301 286 350 408 511 223 130 81 54 461 407 249 53 15 215 167 96 249 83 275/A 29 65 338 302 106 211 94 135 115 284 140 165 239 67 283 30 153 187 176 28 59 58 776 212 101 188 63 323 372/4 428 272 47 274 371 4657 132 105 286 312 263 418 35 460 56 188 32 210 333 165 467 328 321 721 191 39 243 130 225 79 576 67 78 30 128 372/3 126 555 64 480 130 102 68 54 75 145 81 45 185 268/C 336 54 239 716 762 286 372/7 400 362 110 68 511 483 30 39 335 405 287 191 115 123 282 217 114 213 306 417 122 704 285 174 495 484 490 95 62 98 149 19 111 812 25 405 252 268/B 145 154 94 347/8 198 208 142 228 713 38 380 40 165 41 53 45 220 10 765 65 561 121 76 120 109 115 204 63 113 90 327 11 42 165 494 221 68 125 262 11 46 60 1/13 183 60 638 126 344/10 519 94 289 63 238 175 302 94 96 81 133 141 103 273 263 545 21 182 105 327 446 95 11 350 197 179 42 109 97 135 522 266/12 287 151 386 389 173 36 35 120 142 123 20/B 51 312 205 380 308 12 353 144 372 141 318 120/1 295 200 189 212 206 203 68 66 101 187 467 314 106 347 19 773 104 156 92 326 144 66 130 339 793/1 404 45 222 37 80 270 310 107 385 358 40 282 553 110 13 123 151 48 175 372/5 311 147 525 753 313 132 577 384 218 247 97 325 275 308 173 288 115 153 760 108 159 426 177 265 106 226 141 160 253 107 131/B 173 299 831 2 137 267 6 304 732 385 9 300 143 254 494 122 84 153 320 282 76 41 90 719 70 121 305 16 714 187 44 295 48 195 162 144 95 187 75 128/E 710 191 91 61 243 84 139 157 88 150 731 754 280 131 25 140 726 188 164 58 146 14 291 114 520 313 499 71 352 12 293 100 12 301 305 161 426 93 303 465 241 239 199 112 340 282/A 19 78 146 701 55 31/B 236 146 261 554 532 113 340 241 368 497 274 265/9 1 101 84 28 328 485 286 513 119 337 179 290 137 251 301 128/D 204 4 268/B 169 109 22 74 51 96 245 372/8 171 505 128 683 20/C 346 283/B 17 170 106 182 158 222 394 137 452 241 274/B 99 535 130 495 214 78 286 32 338 177 337 165 113 112 71 241 339 501 384 512 173 85 79 151 156 36 178 62 72 372/6 502 303 25 44 506 10829 345 312 18/B 101 529 137 264 89 480 170 733 289 390 28 319 39 20 5 37 539 14 524 39 349 432 43 304 14 523 406 527 26317 318 93 282/B 179 342 523 213 513 41 252 218 308 261 216 3 277 282 237 42 149 531 735 314 491 124 125 578 190 797 238 183 84 440 42 212 94/A 33 41 737 150 133 579 305 264 285 283 271 723 212 227 90 16 148 559 212 573 12 135 147 108 251 206 83 253 344 452 8515 322 11 144 297 95 4 70 162 219 56 104 560 168 296 88 54 312 61 582 368 33 303 239 8587 6 128/B 320 486 27/C 144 21 66 81 93 74 128 31 46 172 176 497 503 33 45 66 397 33 382 215 246 132 303 119 711 256 87 47 344/5 187 79 51 125 379 33 353 61 203 227 322 436 41 37 75 5 127 15 36 133 236 158 266 36 108/1 505 89 91 273 287 228 259 9 86/1 27/B 75 Inner Ring Road Vijayawada Bypass Inner Ring Road In nerRin g Road Vijayawada Bypass Raynapadu Vijayawada Kolanukonda Jupudi Kotturu Shabada Tarapet Nutakki Prathuru Mulapadu Damuluru Elaprolu Kothapet Badepuram Chilukuru Tadepalle Vemavaram Gollapudi Vaddamanu Karlapudi Mothadaka Gundimeda Tadikonda Mellempudi Kondapalle Malkapuram Rayanapadu Guntupalle Pedaparimi Ponnekallu Ganiatukuru Kilesapuram Paidurupadu Surayapalem Sitanagaram Vaddeswaram Nidumukkala Chinakakani Kethanakonda Kotikalapudi Tummalapalem Vykuntapuram Ibrahimpatnam Pedda Madduru Kunchanapalle Pedavadlapudi Zami Machavaram Vijayawada City Mangalagiri (M) Lachannagudipudi Harischandrapuram N H -16 (5) NH - 65 (9) NH-30(221) NH - 65 (9) NH -65(9) SCALE: 1:30,000 TITLE : Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati DATE 0 1 2 30.5 KM Assistant Planner Zonal Assistant Director 2 Zonal Assistant Director 3 (G. Nageswara Rao) (Dr. N .Srikant, I.A.S) (R. Ramakrishna Rao) Zonal Assistant Director 1 Kurnool Chitoor KadapaAnantapur Nellore Prakasam Guntur Krishna East Godavari Visakhapatnam Srikakulam West Godavari Vizianagaram Krishna Guntur Prakasam West Godavari KEY MAP : 22 -02-2016 Planning Officer Director - Planning Commissioner (V. Prasanna Venkatesh, I.A.S) Additional Commissioner Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Note: 1) R1 includes all the notified water bodies and they will continue to exist. 2) The Cadastral boundaries and numbers shall be read with revenue records. 3) Draft Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati prepared by M/s Surbana Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd, Singapore 0 R3-Medium to high density zone C6-Central business district zone Legend X Existing Railway Stations Capital City Planning Boundary Village Administrative Boundaries Survey Parcels @ Land mark Existing Railway line DownTown Road Alignment Proposed Bund Alignment Existing Bund Road Road Network Outside Planning Boundary Residential R2-Low density zone R4-High density zone C1 -Mixed use zone C2- General commercial zone C3-Neighbourhood centre zone C4-Town centre zone C5-Regional centre zone I1-Business park zone I2-Logistics zone I3-Non polluting industry zone P1-Passive zone P2-Active zone P3-Protected zone P3-Protected zone S1-Government zone S2-Education zone S3-Special zone U1-Reserve zone U2- Road reserve zone Commercial Industrial Open Space and Recreation Institutional Facilities Infrastructure Reserve R1-Village planning zone Detailed Master Plan of Amaravati. Source: Capital Region Development Authority, Governmet of Andhra Pradesh.
8 any developmental activities are already established there with irreversible consequences.6 1.5. The final Master plan which was introduced in February 2016 revealed the plans for deviating 13 islands (These are Lanka islands inhabited by around 500 Dalit families for more than 600 years, the displacement and marginalization issues of these families without return land is explained in the Section 4.2. of this complaint) for tourism and development purposes.7 They are also recognized as wetlands and falls under the agreement of Ramsar Convention. The Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 A.3 stipulates to “assess the adequacy of the applicable legal and institutional framework, including applicable international environmental agreements”, and henceforth warrants to ensure that the Bank will not co-finance such projects which supersedes such international agreements. Communities asserted that prohibitions are to be honoured in such cases of land reclamation, industrial development, permanent construction and any actions impacting the ecosystem of these islands. 1.6. Serious climatic shifts in the proposed Amaravati area is an advancing thought from the concerned environmental-conscious residents of the State and nationwide. This has been haphazardly scanned by the Bank infringing on its own clause OP/BP 4.01 A.2. A highly ambitious concrete city with structures of glass, steel, flyovers, transport connectivity systems as speculated in the Master Plan will enhance the growing climate crisis. 1.6.1 India has been identified as a water stress zone bytheInternationalWaterManagementInstituteand the issue of water scarcity also affects the proposed capital area, if the floodplains of Krishna River are encroached upon for construction purposes without paying caution to the proper conservation and management of water. Floodplains are the last resort for pure unpolluted water for Indian cities. 1.6.2. Installing buildings on floodplains will increase the risk of irrevocable impairments. The State with its long coastal line is most vulnerable to cyclone and sea-level change. Though alternatives are 6 Original Application No. 171 of 2015, (M. A. No. 510 of 2015), Before the National Green Tribunal, Prin- cipal Bench, New Delhi, Pandalaneni Srimannarayan & Anr. Vs.State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors. 7 Deccan Chronicle: (2017) Andhra Pradesh: Island farmers on warpath. Accessed from: https://www.dec- canchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070417/andhra- pradesh-island-farmers-on-warpath.html mentioned by Bank (SESA-ESMF for Amaravati)8 for flood/storm water management including the raising of construction levels higher than the local historical flood levels, it is strongly inferred that destroying the natural absorption and discharge of Krishna floodplain will tremendously increase flash flooding, which will not be rectified by developing three more reservoirs, as mentioned in SESA- ESMF. Moreover, SESA-ESMF has given inadequate emphasis on the flood risks of Krishna floodplain, given the historical records of frequent floods there. Though GoAP has given written declaration to NGT regarding protection of floodplains, the Master Plan discloses that the SEED Capital will be built on 30 metre deep floodplain. The Master Plan has also shown that construction will happen between the Krishna bund and river, which is seen as impromptu encroachment of the river. The Bank needs to ascertain whether it has followed OP/BP 4.01 A.7 in including consultations on EA which are indeed multi-dimensional here, and if they are brought into the notice of GoAP. We are, in fact, presented with more arguable reasons that the Bank and the GoAP has not given least consideration for the protection of river ecology in the State. The proposal to elevate many thousand acres land for high-rise buildings to prevent floods from Krishna river and Kondaveeti Vagu have been challenged at the NGT, and the viability of this plan is a point of contention as explained by noted environmentalists of the country.9 1.6.3 The proposal to realign Krishna River bund is stated in the Master Plan, since Amaravati is celebrated as a Blue-Green Capital City, with a river frontage. This diversion is also purportedly suggested to provide ample public facility space against the 30 km stretch of waterfront. It is also defended by the GoAPthatthisrealignmentofKrishnaRiverwouldbe executed without compromising the flood protection or the course of the river.10 Only private owners of lands on either sides of the river and the bund will benefit from this scheme, by reclaiming more land between old and new bunds. The natural flow of the water will be disrupted resulting in grave danger, 8 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage- ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 54 9 Deccan Chronicle: (2016) NGT raises doubts about Amaravati. Accessed from: http://www.deccan- chronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/160916/ngt-rais- es-doubts-about-amaravati.html 10 APCRDA (2016): Amaravati Project Ed. No.1, March
9 as examined by environmental experts. Several studies have reported the effects of global warming on Krishna River and it has been identified as one of the nation’s most affected river as a consequence of climate change. Kondaveeti Vagu is a catchment area for the heavy rainfalls. The flood water from this area passes through many tributaries and finally joins Krishna River after more than fifteen to thirty days. When the tributaries are disturbed, flow of flood water is restricted, leading to stagnation and crop destruction every year for the farmer. The capital city has been sited at this exact location. Details of flood mitigation in the capital city are not sufficiently mentioned in the Bank’s disclosure documents. 1.6.4. The State is categorized in the seismic zone Zone II and III and particularly the land slotted for Amaravati is in Zone III. It has been reported (Geological Survey of India) from seismic micro zonation here that earthquakes could result from the neotectonic faults located within 150 kms away from Amaravati.11 Despite the NGT stay order on the construction of activities, GoAP has vehemently proceeded with the establishing of a temporary capital secretariat at the proposed area. This is in utter disregard to the law and Constitution of India. We fail to comprehend why the Bank would proceed, in inconsistence with its own environmental policy (OP/BP 4.01 A.3), to finance this project in a vulnerable area prone to natural disasters. 2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats Theissuesofalteringriverbasins,wetlandsandislands to ‘development sites’ mentioned in Section 1 of this document are in resonance with the deviation of the bank’s policy on natural habitats as well (OP/BP 4.04 B.2, B.3 and B.5). Opportunities for environmentally sustainable development are profoundly negligible in this project. In spite of repeated appeals from project affected communities and attentive environmental groups, the sub-components of the project are proceeding to build an artificial ‘greenfield’ capital by disrupting the natural ecology of the designatedarearichwithdiversebio-resources.Though the Bank’s policy on Forests will be analysed against the GoAP’s current submission to Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climatic Change in Section 11 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh. 5 of this document, it is imperative to mention here that uprooting natural forests to install bio parks is incongruous, and will fail to preserve the native floraandfauna.IntheMasterPlan,ithasbeenoutlined that 252 ha of land in Tadepalli Reserve Forest is under consideration for possible conversion to construction site, and it is awaiting clearance from MoEFFC. Recent media articles expose that in fact 12,444.89 ha of Kondapalli Reserve Forests is under similar consideration for conversion, and in May 2017 the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) has recommended the Expert Committee to examine the Master Plan in order to proceed further with their review of the submission by GoAP.12 We want the Bank to reflect and specify if this violation of OP/BP 4.04 B.2 warrants your definitive statement regarding the mentioned devious strategy of GoAP to acquire uninhabited forest land for easy conversion. It is nonetheless daunting to find that the Bank has mentioned there are no critical natural habitats in Amaravati capital city area.13 3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources In the Master Plan, many existing heritage sites are planned to be maintained per se “to respect and support the rich cultural and religious heritage of the city”. Amaravati Temple and Buddha statue, Ananthavaram Temple, Neerukonda Hill, Kondapalli Fort, Undavalli Caves, Mangalagiri Temple and Kanakadurga Temple are the key destinations planned within the religious tourism circuit of the city.14 It has been further mentioned that this circuit will be connected through waterfronts and eco-tourism islands, via Bhavani Island and Undavalli Caves. Though OP/BP 4.11 mentions the Bank’s stipulation to “avoid structures/natural features and landscapes having archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious and unique natural values”, proper ascertainment has not been provided by both the GoAP’s Master Plan and the Bank whether the ancient sites will be altered to conform to the demands of the aggressive project design, especially pertaining to the Undavalli caves and Rock-Cut Temple which falls well within Amaravati capital city. 12 EPW (2017): Amaravati Threatens to March on Kondapalli, Economic and Political Weekly, 24 June 13 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage- ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 54 14 Amaravati Master Plan, Chapter 10, pg. 155
10 4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement It is made aware through media at large that Amaravati Capital City Area development and construction activities will span over a period of 35-40 years involving various diverse sub-projects. Deliberating on the Bank’s SESA-ESMF and Resettlement Policy Framework documents15 notified in your website, a few questions arise: • Has the SIA been finalized through detailed field supervision? • Other than the regular guidelines and fleeting promises regarding resettlement, has the Bank given due diligence to this colossal risky project with Category A status? • What are the measures sought by the Bank to address the evident gaps in SIA, and are the hidden risks contemplated of, and if so would they be disclosed to the project-affected communities? • What is the extent of democratic consultation and participation while designing SESA-ESMF? Do they really resonate with the directives given in the Bank’s own documents?16 The grave indiscretions directed at communities are emphasized here with specific reference to land acquisition, displacement of families and communities, loss of livelihoods, lack of attention on vulnerable groups and cultural displacement. 4.1. “The Government notified an extent of 8352.69 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (CR) vide G.O.Ms.Nos. 253 & 207, dt. 30-12-2014 & 22-09-2015 which is meant for development under the provisions of APCRDA Act, 2014. The Capital Region includes 953 villages, 12 urban local bodies (2 Corporations, 2-Town areas, 8-Municipalities) of 26 Mandals in Guntur District and 30 Mandals in Krishna District. The Government notified an extent of 217.23 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital City Area (CA) vide G.O.Ms. Nos. 254 & 141, dt. 30-12-2014 & 09-06- 2015 which is meant for construction of Capital City Development Project under the provisions of Land Pooling Scheme. The Capital City area falls 15 World Bank Amaravati Sustainable Infra- structure and Institutional Development Project Proj- ect and Operations http://projects.worldbank.org/ P159808/?lang=en&tab=documents&subTab=archivalRe- cords 16 World Bank (2017): Draft Resettlement Policy Framework, APCRDA, February, pg 28 in Guntur District (on the west of Old National Highway from Prakasam barraiage to Y-Junction at Mangalagiri. It covers 24 Revenue Villages and part of Tadepalli Municipality covering Mandals of Thullur, Mangalagiri and Tadepalli.17 The State has claimed from early 2015 that land will be acquired for the reason of public purpose only, and Amaravati will be developed as a People’s Capital. The validity of the CRDA Act, 2014 itself has been challenged as unconstitutional and contrary to the AP Reorganisation Act.18 The citizens are facing the acute errors of the promises of the Government from much early in this project, disregarding our choices and decisions, even from the instance of siting. When there were plenty of alternatives available for the State, siting a fertile food- belt area wilt multi-irrigated crops, displacing 20,000 families and unidentified others is intangible to the development falsely proposed to citizens of the State. The Bank has also failed to give a close look into these insights, violating OP/BP 4.12 D.1, when the siting of the capital city location gives no alternative to avoid displacement and the site itself is in a disadvantaged location. Across AP and India, several leaders, people’s representatives, experts and concerned groups have expressed their dissent to the State’s Chief Minister regarding the elbow-wrenching strategies forcefully used on people opposing land acquisition.19 The much acclaimed ‘Land Pooling’ is not what people required, as envisioned in the Master Plan, or lauded by the external authorities like the Bank, who are not part of communities. Several false reports and allegations are available in the media regarding this breachofanexistinglandlawofIndiaLandAcquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act 2013 (LA ACT). The Land Ordinance repeatedly promulgated by the Government of India from January 2015 onwards has immensely helped the AP government in intimidating farmers. It is alleged that the Government should be accused of land-grabbing and has become land- brokers for private interests. Land Pooling was challenged through writ petitions and cases are still pending at the High Court of Guntur-Krishna districts. Experts, academicians, activists, NGOs have 17 APCRDA (2017): Amaravati Project Edition 2, March 18 Writ Petition No 99 of 2015 currently pending in the High Court at Hyderabad 19 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im- plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February
11 also disputed the same. Recalling OP/BP 4.12 D.2, people reiterate that it has been not been in tandem with their realities. There was nil environmental or social impact assessments conducted. Though the State asserts that it held comprehensive consultations with urban development consultations and public organizations, there was only one public consultation held in January 2017 and four more such consultations were held while writing this document.20 Yet, these hasty hearings without due notice to the concerned groups, seemed like a farce especially when this point was highlighted in the previous IPN-Request No. RQ 17/04 [case with Inspection Panel of World Bank. The then released final draft of Bank’s ESF (August 2017) published in conjunction with the timing of these hearings raise abundant doubts. 4.2. Paying particular attention to displacement of Vulnerable Groups and landless families has been elucidated in OP/BP4.12 D. 4. But certain hidden revelations need to be brought to light regarding the outright caste discrimination of Dalits and other assigned land holders with respect to the compensation/rehabilitation as against the patta land holders in the process of pooling land for Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.21 They are not compensated through adequate national land compensation legislation. Given below are some stark observations by National Alliance of People’s Movements India (NAPM) during its fact finding studies: 20 Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (2017) Public Notice on the safeguard docu- ments. August. The notice can be accessed here: http:// tiny.cc/wqsd6y 21 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im- plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February It may be noted that according to GO MS No. 41, which was issued on 17. 02. 2015, there is a stark discrimination between the compensation promised for patta, assigned and government lands. Four different packages were announced for patta lands, assigned lands, lanka assigned lands and Government land. For every acre of patta jareebu land, 1000 sq. yards of residential space and 450 sq. yardsofcommercialspaceispromised.Foreveryacre of assigned jareebu land, 800 sq. yards of residential space and 200 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. For every acre of assigned lanka jareebu land, 500 sq. yards of residential space and 100 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. Since some assigned lands don’t have proper records, they are being categorized as ‘Government lands’. For every acre of such land being cultivated by the farmer, just 250 sq. yards of residential space is promised. However, all the assigned lands and lanka assigned lands are being cultivated since the time of British rule. The Government has been taking advantage of the fact that most of the people don’t have documents of the assigned lands. Since it is the poor and the Dalits who form the lion’s share of the assigned lands, the signatories alleged that this is as an outright discrimination by the State against the oppressed castes – the Dalits. The signatories demanded that the Government should uphold the letter and spirit of the Constitution instead of actively undermining the values, rights and entitlements enshrined in the Indian Constitution. While the Dalits are economically discriminated on the basis of the size of reconstituted plots they will be compensated with, there is a whole social angle to this caste discrimination. In most villages, the Dalits were systematically given plots far away from the development area in low-lying areas while the upper castes were given costly plots at the centre of the development area. The letter feared that the rest of the villages also will face similar situation in the future, which is a re-creation of the caste structure in the villages. It is a shame and totally unacceptable and unconstitutional that the Government, which has a mandate to prevent and act against any form of discrimination is in fact actively promoting and perpetuating caste discrimination in the garb of ‘resettlement’, the letter states. The Bank needs to amend OP/BP 4.12 D. 7, and is exhorted to hold the mentioned policy accountable. Farmers handing over affidavits to Municipal Administration Minister P. Narayana at Nelapadu village in Thullur mandal in Guntur District on Friday. Farmers in this village became the first stakeholders by voluntarily giving consent letters to become part of the LPS to the Minister. Photo: T. Vijaya Kumar/The Hindu
12 4.3. There have been peer-reviewed articles and findings of few fact-finding groups, and we have also borrowed extracts from their works which are cited in this document, since they well articulate anxieties of Amaravati citizens. After the capital location was announced, the land values started rising steeply making land transactions a prominent activity from early November 2014. Within a month, the property dealers are known to have taken over 3,500 acres from farmers, involving more than `4,000 crore, “almost the entire amount paid in cash” (NAPM 2014).22 The rules were not made available in the local language. Short deadlines were set to pressurise farmers for speedy surrender of lands even before their implications were understood by them. The government exhibited a “rhetoric of urgency” to “justify the speeding up of law-making, regulations and policies to enable a new city to quickly materialize.”23 Second, it is widely believed that the land ordinance with several anti- farmer provisions was promulgated to coincide with the CRDA Act. It was argued that it was brought in as a “conspiracy” to enable the AP government to intimidate the farmers. In a democracy, “you don’t re-promulgate an ordinance. This (Union) Government did it thrice” (Devasahayam’s view as cited in Subramanyam and Varma 2015). The AP governmentextendedthelandpoolingdeadlineeight times (Deccan Chronicle 2015c) till the ordinance lapsed. Third, a petition has been filed before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), New Delhi24 raising several environmental concerns. The NGT directed the state of AP “not to carry out any operations of the clearing of the land falling in the project area” without obtaining environmental clearance. The AP government, however, violated the order by levelling land and destroying crops in some villages. Despite this, the Prime Minister of India laid the foundation for the new capital.25 4.4. InAP,theCapitalRegionDevelopmentAuthority (CRDA) is given “absolute power to acquire, sell, transfer, grant license or alienate the land” for the 22 NAPM (2014): “NAPM Fact-finding Committee Findings on AP Capital Region Land Issue,” undated. The committee visited 16 villages on 5–6 December 2014. 23 Datta, A (2015): “New Urban Utopias of Postco- lonial India: ‘Entrepreneurial Urbanization’ in Dholera Smart City, Gujarat,” Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(1): 3–22. 24 Application No 171 of 2015, National Green Tri- bunal at New Delhi. 25 NGT Order dated 10 October 2015 purpose of development or redevelopment (Suchitra 2015).26 The land of our State is increasingly seen with new value internationally. It is not merely a transformation from agricultural land to industrial land; we realize that our lands are seen as ‘financial resources’ by the State to attract private international corporations and investors. The proposition to acquire land or in our case “pool” land from us, a majority of us being farmers, is a subtle strategy to lease large portions of our land to corporations for their profits. Have you really identified this concern of us, as how OP/BP 4.12 D. 5, D.6, explains? Displacement of our traditional farming occupations, increasing risks of unemployability when an IT-centric capital evolves, disappearanceofsmallholdingsandfurtherbordering marginalization are increasing areas for our anxiety. Considerations such as right to consent, caste composition in the sited areas, sustainability of communities’ cultural practices, demographic survey, have not been given due diligence in SESA_ ESMF document. The Bank has neither prepared participatory appraisal processes, project and subproject component and mitigation measures, nor called out for the consent of restoration of livelihoods in alignment with OP/BP 4.12 D. 10. 5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests 5.1. There are no distinguishing proposals or mention in the original Master Plan for enhancing the forest cover in area designated for capital city area. Inferring from Amaravati Master Plan, GoAP has submitted request to MoEFCC to de-notify 252 ha of land at Tadepalli Reserve Forests. Meanwhile, reports have also identified identical proposal to MoEFCC in 2015 regarding diversion of 12,444.89 ha forest land at Kondapalli Reserve for infrastructure purposes. GoAP wants to proceed with deforestation for developing bio-diversity parks, cultural and industrial park, cultural theme park, adventure eco-theme park, aerospace and green mobility industrial park, integrated infrastructure park and similar parks. This transgresses OP/BP. 4.36 since the plan involves significant conversion of critical notified and protected forests, which is, yet again, in conjunctionwithcriticalhabitatscategory(mentioned in Section 2). 5.2. People’s affirmation is further supplemented based on Government of India’s (GoI) Forest Policy 26 Suchitra, M (2015): “Capital Punishment,” Down To Earth, 15 Feb.
13 1988 to preserve our remaining natural forests. The proposals are also in direct conflict with the Indian Forest Right Act 1927 and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.It has to be noted that Kondapalli Reserve Forests indeed has communities dependent on forest produce for livelihood (Kondapalli Toys).27 Though AP Reorganization Act states that the Government can divert forestlands if no alternatives are available, this has been highly regarded as a weak justification for defending the ease of altering forest lands. Afforestation declared as compensation package in controversial Polavaram area is unreasonable, as identified by irrigation experts, as the terrain is difficult to irrigate and the experiences of earlier cultivation have been difficult.MoEFgavesiteclearanceforthePolavaramdam in AP in October 2005. But the National Environment Appellate Authority quashed the environmental clearance to the dam because the mandatory public hearings were not held. When MoEF gave forest clearance to the project in July 2010, it turned out the Andhra Pradesh government had lied to obtain the clearance for the Polavaram project. It told MoEF 27 Kondapalli Toy making is an art of hand crafting, which has been around for five centuries, primarily based on figures of mythology, animals, birds, bullock carts, rural life. Tella Poniki, the soft wood for these dancing dolls is acquired from Kondapalli forests and the wood is seasoned for years. The artisans involved have migrated from the State of Rajasthan from 16th c. there were no forest rights to be settled under Forest Rights Act in the project affected areas.28 5.3. The State (erstwhile undivided Andhra Pradesh) has also earlier flouted the Supreme Court orders regarding stay on deforestation (Report of CAG 2013).29 It has been ironically stated by GoAP Chief Minister that precious natural forests have become highly vulnerable to exploitation and degradation, and that it is the State’s responsibility to conserve the with its natural flora and fauna for this generation and posterity.30 We recognize this stark incoherence from State’s chief functionary31 statements as well and also resolutely urge the Bank to opt out from the project component. 28 Down To Earth (2015): Polavaram fraud, Accessed from: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/ polavaram-fraud-33444 29 Orders of Supreme Court were flouted by the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board, where the diversion of forestland in Nagarjunasagar Dam was allowed without prior permission of the Supreme Court http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/unlocking-forests-does- CAF-Bill2015.pdf 30 Andhra Pradesh State of Forest Report -2014 31 “The Central Government shall facilitate the creation of a new capital for the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, if considered necessary, by denotifying degraded forest land”, Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, Part X, 94 (4) Superimposition of Capital City Master Plan on Satellite Image acquired from Google Earth. Visualisation: Debadityo Sinha/India Together
14 O ther than the aforementioned infringements of the Bank on its own environmental and social safeguards, a few implications need to be established as well as propositions put forth to the Bank for better discernment of issues regarding Amaravati communities related to this project. More than a mere recapitulation of their concerns, which indeed looms throughout this entire document, we want to voice our resistance to ill-conceived projects undertakenbytheborrowerstatesandourcontentions with the Bank’s inadequacy of existing policies which claim to supposedly serve the course of development in borrowing countries. A. Lack of Public Consultation, Consent and Democratic Oversight “The Requesters mention that only one consultation was held in January 2017 on the draft SESA-ESMF and draft RPF, and that only 150 persons out of an estimated 127,505 potentially affected people attended this consultation; five online comments were submitted. They allege intimidation at this consultation from security forces and state that some participants were forcibly turned away.”32 B. SIA not Addressed in WB-SESA ESMF “The master plan proposes to distribute the 4.5 million people who will inhabit Amaravati by 2050 into 18 self-sustainable townships through integration of land use and transport planning. What is envisioned appears to be a highly regulated (and controlled?) city. Can such a city accommodate the urban informal sector and the poor/low-income people who migrate to the city in search of livelihood opportunities? Will Amaravati become a private city— 32 World Bank (2017): Notice of Registration - IPN REQUEST RQ 17/04 India: Proposed Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project (P159808) planned, built (and even administered) by private/ foreign companies/governments? The Concept Note on Smart Cities by the Government of India specifies that most of the infrastructure in smart cities will be taken up “either as complete private investment or through PPPs” (public–private partnerships).”33 “To assume that Amaravati as a capital will attract 4 million migrants in the next 20 years is beyond belief.34 “The master plan also talks about creating 6,35,000 jobs by 2050 without spelling out how these jobs will come about (Ang Chit Sin et al 2015). The only concrete employment option that has been spelt out in the document refers to capitalising on the key tourist attractions: on river Krishna, the scenic islands (riverbed tourism), historic Undavalli caves, Kanaka Durga temple, Amaravati Buddha statue, Kondapalli fort, and so forth. Even if the promises are delivered, these jobs are not going to be helpful for the displaced workers of Amaravati region, but will be beneficial to a small class of professional workers. The government documents say that all displaced workers will be “reskilled” in order to accommodate them in the proposed industries of the new city and the region. The AP Skill Development Corporation (APSDC) will be established to reskill the workers. 2009). The most likely scenario is that workers (small farmers, tenants, landless and non-agricultural workers) will be released into the larger world, leaving their labour up for grabs, and as targets of intense exploitation.”35 C. Violation of Constitution of India and other Laws The following are the National/State Policies, Laws and Regulations listed in the Bank’s own SESA_ESMF document, which are found to be violated. Also listed among them are the new laws/acts with amendments as well, to accommodate and/or circumnavigate various issues in the larger project design. There are many others which do not presently fall under the scope of this document since they warrant attention at sub-project levels. 33 “Draft Concept Note on Smart City Scheme,” Revised as on 3 December 2014, Work under Progress, http://indiansmartcities.in. 34 Ramachandraiah, C (2015):” Andhra Pradesh’s Master Plan for Its New Capital”, Speculation and Weak Foundations” EPW, 19 Sep 35 Vakulabharanam, Vamsi (2017): “Babu’s Camelot: Amaravati and the Emerging Capitalist Dynamics in ‘New’ Andhra Pradesh”, EPW, January Several villagers staged protest at Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) office in Vijayawada in January 8, 2016 protesting against the draft master plan of Amaravati by raising slogans that the proposed road connectivity in the capital may damage the archaeological site of Undavalli caves and expressing doubts over the existence of several houses in the villages. Photo: The Hans India
15 Laws Status of Violation Andhra Pradesh State Action Plan for Climate Change, 2012 Been violated APCRDA Act, 2014 New The Andhra Pradesh Capital City Land Pooling Scheme (Formulation And Implementation) Rules, 2015 Violating Central LARR Act 2013 Constitution of India - Article 39 (A), Article 47, Article 48 (A), Article 51 (A), Article 21 Violated National Water Policy, 2012 Violated Forest Policy, 1988 Violated National Action Plan for Climate Change, 2008 Violated Environment Protection Act, 1986 Violated EIA Notification 2006 and Environmental Clearance Violated Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Violated The Water (Prevention Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 Violated Air Act 1981 Violated National Wetland Rules, 2010 Violated Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 Foreseen National Disaster Management Act, 2005 Foreseen National Green Tribunal Act 2010 Cases pending Right To Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act ,2013 Gravely violated; Case with Supreme Court from 2018 on the AP State Land Amendment Bill
16 D. Coercion, Intimidation “While the LPS was supposed to be voluntary, the AP government has relied heavily on using police as an instrument of coercion and intimidation along with several tactics which have come to be locally known as the “mind game” which has, probably, few parallels in India in recent years. The large absentee landowners, who left agriculture and have been leasing out lands and belong to the upper-caste support base of the TDP in the Thullur area, were the early ones to come forward to join land pooling. The government has claimed that it has entered into MoUs with several foreign and Indian companies, worth about `5 lakh crore by offering thousands of acres of public land.”36 “To analyse the twin strategies of speculation and intimidation/ coercion, we have drawn heavily from print media reports, government orders, master plan documents, field visits, and interviews with local activists and farmers.”37 36 Times of India (2016a): “AP Land Bank Grows 3 Times in a Year, Boosts Industrialisation Plans,” Times of India, 13 January 37 Ramachandraiah, C (2016):”Amaravati- A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation”, EPW, April “The TDP organised an interactive meeting of the farmers with the chief minister at Hyderabad on 18 November 2014. The outcome was “disappointing” and his “promise of transforming farmers into industrialists did not go down well” (Times of India 2014b). A farmer from Krishnayapalem recalled with shock and dismay that the chief minister’s attitude was highly authoritarian.”38 More reports are available on media - Chandrababu Naidu reportedly said, “Prepare a comprehensive action plan with measures which are to be initiated legally against the people working against the capital city. We shall not spare such forces.”39 This statement has come out followingthe Chief Minister’s recent remarks about him “not hesitating” to ignore villagers and farmers of Andhra Pradesh, their connectivity to roads and non-availability of pensions, if they do not vote for his (TDP) party. 38 EPW (2016): A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation: Making of Amaravati, Economic and Political Weekly, April 23 39 http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ap- cm-threatens-action-against-those-complaining-about- amaravati-project-alleges-conspiracy A scan of the news report published in the Times of India dated July 3, 2017.
17 Complaint registered with the Inspection Panel – Quick Look: 2017 I n May 2017, few landowners and farmers registered a complaint with the Inspection Panel with a request for Inspection, as a result of the Bank’s non-compliance with its environmental and social policies in preparation of the proposed project. The Panel registered the request on June 12, 2017, and received the Management Response to the request on July 21, 2017. A Panel team visited India from September 12-15, 2017, and met with the requesters and other potentially affected community members, farmers who support the LPS and their representatives, representatives of the World Bank Country Office, officials from the Ministry of Finance and from the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, the agency responsible for developing the city, as well as civil society representatives. On September 27, 2017, the Panel submitted its Report and Recommendation to the World Bank Board of Executive Directors that recommended “carrying out an investigation into the alleged issues of harm and related potential non- compliance with Bank policies, especially relating to involuntary resettlement.” On November 27, 2017, Bank management submitted to the Panel an addendum that offered clarifications, an update on project preparation and additional actions to “complement and clarify” the actions presented in its July 21, 2017, response in order to fully address the Requesters’ concerns. Management indicated the addendum was based on recent field missions and discussions with the Panel. After reviewing the addendum, the Panel submitted an updated Report and Recommendation to the Board. Based on the addendum and the proposed actions, the Panel deferred its recommendation for up to six months as to whether an investigation is warranted. The Board on December 12, 2017, approved the Panel decision to defer its recommendation and to report back to the Board in the next six months.40 Since then, the Panel is yet to publish its recommendations, even after more than a year now. 40 http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/ ViewCase.aspx?CaseId=126 Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Chairman of World Bank’s Inspection Panel, Jan Mattsson, Member of the Panel, Dilek Barlas, Executive Secretary, and Birgit Kuba, Operations Officer listening to the grievances of the affected communities at the Amaravati. Photo: The Hans India
18 Memorandum submitted to The Inspection Panel during their visit in September 2017 Demands from Affected Communities and Peoples’ Groups against the Impositions of the Bank W e reiterate and exact appropriate responses and actions from the Bank in lieu of the following precise abysmal risks glaring back at us and all the fraternal groups in solidarity with deep concern for our land, livelihoods and survival. 1. We strongly hold the World Bank and AIIB accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project with its flawed project design, based on its own environmental and social safeguards. 2. Despite repeated communication, appeals, court stay order and pending cases at the NGT, the GoAP has already proceeded with construction activities and laying out infrastructure in an accelerated mechanism, involving sub-projects and components, which highly falls in the purview of the Bank’s scope - its Urban Pro-Poor Infrastructure goal for the project. This is a very disturbing trend of the Bank for proceeding with support for the government without paying heed to the resistances of the project affected communities and circumventing the prevailing legal orders against the project. Also, as understood from the Bank’s own statement, it has executed a trust fund of $ 0.17 million for financing the preparatory works of project. 3. We do not hesitate to direct our charges against the World Bank and AIIB on lending to the catastrophic project where we are witnessing now the forced Land Pooling Scheme to amass vast parcels of land for development across one of the richest fertile food belts of India. 4. We demand that the Bank revoke its support from the project, which would surely pave the way for the disruption of the natural state of a sensitive ecosystem including remodelling reserve forests by felling trees and building bio/industrial/techno/sports parks, along with your negligence towards our foresight of frequent floods triggered to an acute degree. 5. Displacement and ‘resettling’ of around 20,000 families in the guise of returning ‘developed’ residential and commercial lands in the absence of a guarantee and struggling in the tentacle grip of realtors, middlemen, goondas of real estate sector are serious concerns raised. The Bank presenting multiple plans on involuntary resettlement against these issues without public consultations or consent is vehemently questionable. 6. We have mentioned that the creation of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) was against the Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 along with the tweaked amendments. We are aware Left: A photo from November 2014 of the fertile fields of Uddandarayunipalem. Right: Buildings have now come up on plots given up for the Land Pooling Scheme, while farming in these fields has stopped. Photos: Rahul Maganti/PARI
19 that, as and when project components materialise, existing laws are amended at the State, or there is a complete irreverence to the nation-specific policies. We fiercely question this disregard for the Bank for our policies and laws, which were strenuously formulated by our national leaders during our times of national and regional struggles. 7. The lack of a Resettlement Policy Plan and the inadequate addressing of the Bank against the uprooting of Dalit families from 600-year-old occupied islands and not assigning them return lands will lead directly to the creation of a wide marginalised community of informal sector on the outskirts of the capital city with no regard to their dignity, efforts and labour. 8. We want to draw the attention of the Bank to the contemptuous promises made by the Government to upgrade skills of project affected people of which farmers are majority, by wrenching their agricultural lands from them and introducing new ‘industrial and technological’ skills. The statistics of increase in land value, population and employment rates are highly speculated, and studies based on other references on recent capital cities of India affirm our case. We are resolute when we ask the Bank to reconsider stop investing in this project based on highly inflated statistics that are borrowed from the development models of foreign countries (Japan, Singapore). 9. We do not wish to sell our land to foreign players with diversified investments, MoUs and interests, in the name of ‘development’. Our State Government, who should have been supporting the citizens who elected them, refrain from giving attention to our calls. We assert that we will continue exhorting the Bank for proceeding with this ill-conceived project, against the greater interests of the people in Amaravati. Meanwhile, Social Activist Medha Patkar, Former Power Secretary Dr. EAS Sarma, Goldman Prize awardee Prafulla Samanthra, Retired Scientist from Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Dr. Babu Rao, and 42 other representatives of various people’s movements, civil society organisations, and concerned citizens wrote to the Executive Directors of the World Bank Group to draw urgent attention to various irregularities surrounding the proposed capital city construction. They strongly expressed that the suggestions of the Panel’s report for a full investigationintotheviolationsoftheBank’soperating policies must be followed by the Board and that the Board should not undermine the mandate of its own accountability mechanism. They further expressed their astonishment of the Bank’s silence on Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu’s instruction to the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to firmly deal with the people who filed complaints with the World Bank. The signatories of the letter held the World Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a co- financier of the project, accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project and demanded that the concerns of the project affected communities be considered; faulty ‘voluntary’ Land Pooling Scheme be withdrawn; Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) be abolished.41 41 http://www.cenfa.org/press-releases/csos- approach-wb-on-amaravati-capital-city-project/
20 Updates from the Ground as shared by Capital Region Farmers Federation 2018-2019 1. A new document has been released for the Amaravati project with a new title, Amaravati Sustainable Infrastructure and Institutional Development Project (ASIIDP,) without a change in project number: http://tiny.cc/xkjf6y 2. In this document, unfortunately, zilch progress is seen from the Bank towards addressing BP/OP 4.12 except recycling old arguments that are totally baseless. The World Bank and Inspection Panel has not yet shared the World Bank’s independent assessment on the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS), conducted by Geoffrey Payne in early 2018. So far, documents regarding this are not seen anywhere, but communities remain confident that most of these assessments are biased/arbitrary and some are deceptive. There is a new line of information in this updated PID/ISDS – “The proposed World Bank loan of $300 million will focus on three strategic areas: (i) providing quality infrastructure to ensure that global knowledge is built into technical designs of major infrastructure investments; (ii) supporting the set- up of an institutional structure that can lead to the establishment of an empowered and effective local government; and, (iii) supporting an inclusive benefit sharing system for all residents of the region.” It is also clearly detailed that ASIIDP comprises of five components including who brings how much to meet this total investment need of US$ 715 million apart from World Bank, AIIB, GoAP. It means, scope of the project (in terms of interventions) has been massively expanded to ruin the lives of 140,000 people. 3. Itwasstatedthatthereareindependentassessments, without providing any details. Further, it was stated that the Bank has confirmed completion of appraisal vide their letter dated 07 January 2019 addressed to the Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh State. Citizens ask - Without checking the authenticity of the assessment documents and information presented in those documents that supports this loan/PID, as well as without proper public consultations, how come World Bank appraise those documents? On one hand Project Affected People have been constantly informed that the project is in the initial stages of preparation, but how could Bank Management complete project appraisal without sharing final assessment reports? As the Bank Management has now given their appraisal for the project by jointly collaborating with GoAP, it is necessary to ascertain the correctness of those documents and assessment reports. Farmers relentlessly claim that a number of statements made in those reports are contradictory and warrants an investigation. And this has to be verified on ground by A sign in Undavalli argues against the land pooling process. All farmers there have multi-crop, arable land. Photo: Mridula Chari/Scroll
21 the Inspection Panel through site visits. Evidences are ready to be produced to the Panel, where GoAP/World Bank/ASIIDP violated a number of Acts/rules/laws/ policies including directives from National Green Tribunal (NGT). While many cases are pending in the State’s High Court and Supreme Court of India, how could World Bank management consider appraisal of the project when an investigation is necessary at this point? 4. Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 of World Bank is triggered, as ASIIDP project is using flood plains for infrastructure, especially for road infrastructure? Inspection Panel witnessed this on the ground during their previous visit to the site. In some sections, they are draining the water continuously to build road infrastructure - https://youtu.be/elKTaNdOPfc. 5. Similarly, Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 – groups have provided a lot of information in their communications previously, but this updated PID/ ISDS blatantly refuses to acknowledge such groups exist. The Capital Region Farmers Federation [CRFF] and People’s Watch of Andhra Pradesh [PWAP] have submitted a number of comments/suggestions/ concerns with regard to Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF); Draft Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); Social Impact Assessment- Resettlement Action Plan for 10 sub-arterial Roads; Social Impact Assessment – Resettlement Action Plan for Flood Management Works; and Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EAEMP) for 10 sub-arterial roads proposed under ASCCDP (now ASIIP). These submissions were from individuals and groups/sections of the people who were impacted by ASIIP/ASCCDP. But so far there were no responses received. In many instances, Inspection Panel was copied of these correspondences. 6. The Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) totally failed to address the concerns that were raised in various forums from the beginning of ASIIP/ ASCCDP project. Groups see that none of these concerns and suggestions were taken into account. During farmers’ last meeting with the World Bank personnel and APCRDA on 23 October in Vijayawada (at Vasavya Mahila Mandal premises, which is GRM here), they were quite reluctant to consider any of these concerns, and suggestions. 7. Further, updated PID/ISDS of ASIIDP project, #13 in Page 8 says, it will support the Government of India’s vision of empowering city governance structure in the long term, through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) of 1992, which positioned urban local governments to become key institutions of political representation and service delivery. ASIIDP completely violates the 74th CAA and in fact destroyed 29 local bodies of Andhra Pradesh and their representation in the project. 8. As part of LPS, returnable plots have been allocated but development around those is “zero”. No beneficiary till date has taken physical position of their returnable plots. There is no choice to 2nd party (farmer) as Government (1st party) always dictates the terms. The 2nd party is unable to approach court or for other legal assistance. Unfortunately, this is the reality of LPS in Amaravati. This clearly shows, there is no clarity on the returnable plots, and its dimensions till date. How could farmer surrender their rights for something that does not exist on ground, even after 4 years of the capital city project? 9. In the addendum to World Bank’s Management response issued on 27 November 2017 (http://tiny.cc/ h2jf6y), Page 2, point #4, (a) Community engagement and monitoring to address potential coercion and other implementation issues, there are a number of gaps. The following are being completely overlooked. i. Citizens Advisory Committee: PWAP and PAP/PAFs are constantly requesting for their representation in this committee. But so far, no action has been taken. Instead APCRDA has filled this committee with members who are some way related with current ruling party (TDP) of Andhra Pradesh Government. This committee has failed to meet its objectives listed in their Terms of Reference. What can World Bank, IFIs, PAP/PAF, and a common man expects from this Citizens Advisory Committee? ii. Engage a local independent party to obtain additional information on any potential coercion/ Engage independent local professionals to visit affected villages to monitor concerns and feedback: How can Vasavya Mahila Mandal (VMM), the GRM, be engaged t for these two purposes? Could a single NGO be likely to be expected to perform these two tasks? VMM has totally failed to engage vulnerable groups to restore livelihoods of those impacted by ASCCDP. Many incidents of coercion have been reported since January 2018. There are several
22 atrocities that were committed by the GoAP and its police force. One such gory incident on Nandigam Suresh could be seen in this video with his own explanation https://youtu.be/OdIdrrVUtbw. PWAP and PAP/PAFs see this as a complete compromise of ethicsandmoralsofVMMwhohassurrendereditself to APCRDA/GoAP. They have lost their credibility and trust to continue in ASCCDP any longer. A detailed investigation on the functioning of these Institutions and Committees is essential. How could one expect these institutions provide basic justice to the people who are affected by Amaravati capital city project, more specifically ASCCDP? There is an uprise of farmers who has given their lands under LPS, but it is constantly being suppressed by GoAP using its intelligence units. Farmers ask what specific actions have been taken by the World Bank management to protect the interest of affected people and communities. A latest incident was on 13 September 2018, wherein a main water pipeline for irrigation of agricultural lands was broken down on purpose at Road E16 near Nidamarru village. The video is available at https:// youtu.be/E1cYZgPQ6gE. iii. Support creation of a Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM): PWAP informed several times through a number of communications, GRM has totally failed to address the needs on ground and is a complete failure. It was quite rosy on paper, but absent in action. iv. Increase the frequency of preparation missions and do outreach with stakeholders to solicit feedback on issues: These missions lack complete action. People do not see any productivity from these missions of the World Bank Management in Delhi. Instead of reducing inequalities and poverty, such missions from the World Bank are widening the inequalities and increasing the poverty. World Bank is completely ignoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where we as humanity as abided to these principles, groups question. 10. Failure of livelihood support programmes and assurances made under LPS: Apart from these, under LPS, APCRDA assured the following for landless agricultural laborers and households in the Capital City area are eligible to receive a combination of livelihood restoration benefits. Almost all landless families have challenges in accessing these benefits, and their current situation is worse than pre-Capital City status. Both APCRDA and the World Bank failed to assess the livelihood restoration for landless agricultural labourers, this video https://youtu.be/0E4HM9zAKHk further corroborates with this observation. Following is a detailed status of these till date. (i) A pension of INR 2,500 is being given to landless labourers. But this is being distributed once every 2 to 3 months. Also, the amount is not sufficient as the costs per family increased to INR 12,000 per month after the announcement of the Capital. There is no assurance that, it would continue after the State elections in 2019. (ii) Employment guarantee • Employment was guaranteed for one person per family in the capital region. This is irrespective of LPS farmers, non-LPS farmers, landless labors, and Dalits. But this has not been realized till date. • Government assured daily employment and fixed wage through the establishment of nurseries, but these are not functioning anymore, except the one at Venkatapalem. PWAP would like to question, how many people will be provided with an employment by each nursery. (iii) Interest free loan of up to 25 lakhs to all the poor families for self-employment not at all implemented. There is no facility to access interest-free loans for setting up enterprises till date. (iv) Access to skill upgrading and training opportunities:Skilldevelopmentsessionswereaneye wash program and it failed miserably to generate the wage employment as promised. Although data was presented on APCRDA website, self-employment cannot be considered as an “employment” as there is no constant assured revenue per month. In the self-employment, risks are high. Further, there is a question around, how this could be linked with Skill Development? In any case, APCRDA website shows, about 1,425 have been employed till date including self-employment. This needs a serious investigation. (v) Provision of subsidized food in all the 29 villages: Only 3 canteens have been established (except the one temporary secretariat, IGC in Velagapudi) and they are not serving 100% of poor and pending to establish such canteens at the rest of capital villages. (vi) Free access to medical and educational benefits in designated facilities: The assurance on “Fee
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)
Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)

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Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of Amaravati Capital City (2014-2019)

  • 1. Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing Amaravati Capital City Project (2014-2019)
  • 2. Research: Tani Alex Layout: Ankit Agrawal Published by: Centre for Financial Accountability New Delhi www.cenfa.org info@cenfa.org Cover Photo: Rahul Maganti/PARI April 2019 Copyleft: Free to use any part of this document for non-commercial purpose, with acknowledgement of source. For Private Circulation Only
  • 3. 3 Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing Amaravati Capital City Project (2014-2019)
  • 4. 4 Background of the Amaravati Project (2014-2017) Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the Amaravati Capital City Project. Photo courtesy: AP Capital Region Development Authority A fter bifurcation of the erstwhile Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in June 2014, both the new states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh are sharing the Hyderabad as capital for 10 years. In September 2014, N Chandrababu Naidu, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh announced that a single capital would be built for the State. Amaravati, the proposed capital city covers an area of 217. 23 sq. km with the seed capital in an area of 16.94 sq. km, while the entire capital region pans over a spread of 8352.69 sq.km across both Krishna and Guntur districts of the State of Andhra Pradesh. The city specifically is planned to be built in Guntur district on the banks of the Krishna River, which is hailed as the rice-bowl of the State with 120 multi- crops irrigated on the floodplains. The area sited for the city presently has a population of 1.03 lakh while that of the entire capital region would be 5.8 million. The following contraventions of this project are elicited, during 2014-2017, with regard to World Bank’s Operational Policies, in a concentrated effort to prevent forthcoming irreplaceable damages to peoples’ lives. World Bank’s Operational Policies framework have been employed here as AIIB has agreed that the Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies and related procedures of the World Bank will apply to this project; and that AIIB will rely on the World Bank’s determination as to whether compliance with those policies and procedures have been achieved under the project.
  • 5. 5 Summary of Violations 1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment 2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats 3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources 4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement 5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests 1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment 1.1. After the introduction of the concept plan for a greenfield Capital City in June 2015, a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was executed by Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd (TCE) from May-August 2015 and Environment Mitigation Plan (EMP) was prepared. Construction activities of the interim Government complex were progressing at Velagapudi and a temporary secretariat is already established. The initial leveling and construction activities for the capital city had begun prior to the disclosure of EA report to the public. Without the project-affected communities comprehending the enormity of the project and their consequences, the EA report was processed and “considering that Article 19 of the Constitution entitles the citizen to know and since that right stands infringed in this case, the whole process of EIA and issuance of the EC stand vitiated.”1 Discrepancies in publishing the Environment Clearance (EC) report to the public and uploading it at APCRDA (Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority) website at the event of NGT petitions is misleading and accordingly, presenting false information for obtaining EC triggers action by way of revocation of the EC for the project. 1.2. It is claimed that both EIA and EMP underwent significant scrutiny by the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority and Amaravati Capital City project was accorded environmental clearance during October 2015.2 Yet there are reports of forgery, 1 Noted Indian environmentalist and NGT peti- tioner EAS Sharma, in a letter addressed to B. S. S. Prasad, Member Secretary (APPCB),& Ex-officio Member Secre- tary (SEIAA), Hyderabad 2 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Management Framework (SESA-ESMF), February and petitions have been submitted to the National Green Tribunal (NGT) stating that the EIA and EMP reports were tailored to suit the needs of the GoAP.3 Since SESA-ESMF is the “overarching framework” that regulates the environmental and social safeguards at both the project’s development and implementation stages, we are apprehensive that SESA-ESMF document prepared for Amaravati misinforms the project affected communities, consultants, civic bodies, NGOs, and allied concerned groups. 1.3. The project is rendered Category A status and it will usher in high risk adverse impacts on the natural environment of the earmarked areas of Guntur- Krishna districts, percolating to the surrounding habitats as well. It is believed that the Bank has merely assessed the extent of the nature of the risk and have not adequately provided “…for assessment of feasible investment, technical, and siting alternatives, including the “no action” alternative, potential impacts, feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, their suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training and monitoring requirements associated with them”(OP/ BP 4.01 A.4).4 1.4. The Shivaramakrishnan Committee, appointed by the State in 2014 for a new capital, after various consultations with numerous stakeholders across the thirteen districts of AP, came out with recommendations for least dislocation of the existing agricultural lands along Krishna-Guntur belt and also cautioned about diverting fertile farmlands with 120 multi-crops for developmental purposes (Report of the Expert Committee 2014).5 To the dismay of the agrarian communities, GoAP unnervingly rejected the propositions and sited one of the richest food-belts of India for erecting the new capital city, forfeiting national food security for infrastructure development. We also fear that once developmental activities progress, the project executing agency will not repeal the same. Subsequently, petition has been filed to the NGT for the protection of these fertile lands with a call for considering it immediately before 3 The Hindu: (2017) NGT hearings on Amara- vati over. Accessed from: http://www.thehindu.com/ todays‐paper/tp‐national/tp‐andhrapradesh/ngt-hear- ings-on-amaravati-over/article18171374.ece 4 World Bank (2005): Operational Policies ,The World Bank Operations Manual, March 5 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.
  • 6. 6 7 X X X X X X Kolanukonda Tulluru Nowluru Rayapudi Penumaka Nelapadu Nekkallu Mandadam Ainavolu Bethapudi Undavalli Tadepalli Sakhamuru Nidamarru Kuragallu Dondapadu Borupalem Yerrabalem Velagapudi Neerukonda Malkapuram Mangalagiri Tallayapalem Venkatapalem Lingayapalem Ananthavaram Abbarajupalem Pichikalapalem Krishnayapalem Modugalankapalem Kondamarajupalem Uddandarayunipalem 60 m 50 m 25m 60 m 50 m 60 m 60m 25m 50m 50 m 50 m 25 m 50m 60m 50 m 25 m 50m 60 m 50 m 50m 50 m 50 m 50m 50 m 50 m 50 m 50m 50m 50m 50 m 50 m 60m 50m 50m 60m 50m 50m 50m 50m 50 m 60 m 50 m 25 m Naga Stupa Undavalli Caves Ananthavaram Temple U2 P3 P1 P1 R1 P3 I3 P3 P2 P1 P2 P3 P3 P3 P2 P1 R1 P3 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P3 P3 P1 P2 P2 P1 I3 S3 P3 P1 P3 I3 P1 I3 U1 P1 S3 P3 P2 P1 S3 P3 I3 P1 P3 R1 P1 I3 U1 P1 P3 S3 S2 P3 R1 S3 U1 P1 R1 I3 R1 S2 P1 P1 P2 P2 S3 I1 P3 I3 R3 R3 R3 P1 R3 P3 I2 R3 R3 P1 S3 R3 R3 P3 P1 R1 R3 R1 P2 P1 U1 R4 C2 S3 R1 R3 R3 S2 R1 R1 R3 P3 P1 P2 R3 R3 S2 P1 P2 S2 R3 C2 P1 R3 R3 R3 C2 R1 S3 S3 R3 R3 S3 R3R3 U1 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 R3 P1 P1 R1 R3 R3 P2 R1 R1 I3 R1 C2 R3 R3 R3 C2 R3 R3 P1 R3 R3 R3 R3 P3 R3 C2 S3 C2 R1 R3 U1 R3 R3 R3 P1 C3 C2 R3 R4 R3 P1 S3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 P3 P3 P2 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R1 C5 P1 P3 R3R3 R3 R3 R3 S2 P3 P2 R3 R3 P3 S1 S3 R3 R3 R3 S1 R3 S3 C2 P3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 R3 R3 P1 I1 R3 R3 C2 C2 C2 U1 R3 S3 P3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 P2 R3 P1 P1 R3 C5 S2 R3 C2 R3 R3 R3 C2 R1 C4 R3 S1 S1 S1S1 R3 R3 R3 R1 R1 R3 S2 R3 R3 R3 R3 S1 S1 R3 P2 R3 R3 R3 R3 S3 P3 R3 P1 C2 P3 S3 R3 R3 R3 R3 C5 P1 R3 R3 R3 R4 R3 R3 R3 C6 R3 I1 R3 P1 I1 R3 S3 P2 S2 R1 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 S3 P1 R3 S1 P2 C1 R3 S3 S1 R3 R3 R3 R3 P3 R3 C2 R3 P3 S3 R3 C5 P2 C1 R3 I1 R3 C2 R3 S2 U1 R3 R1 R1 R3 C2 R3 C4 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 P1 S2 R3 P1 P2 P1 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 R1 C2 S3 R3 R3 R3 P3 R3 C2 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 P1 R3 R3 R3 R3 P3 C2 R3 R3 R3 R3 R1 R3 S3 R3 C2 C2 R3 R3 R3 C1 R1 P2 R4 R3 R3 R3 R3 C2 R3 S3 R3 S1 C5 R1 R3 C2 R3 S3 R3 R3 R3 P1 R3 R3 R3 C1 S3 S3 R3 C6 P2 R4 P3 I1 P1 R3 P2 C2 R3 R3 R3 R3 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C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C2 C3 C2 C3C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C2C2 C2C2 C2 C2 C2 C3 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3C3 C3 C3 C3 C2 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C2 C3 C2 C3 C3 C2 C4 C4 C2 S3 C4 C2 P1 C3 C4 C4 P1 P3 P3 P3 R3 P1 P1 P3 P1 P1 S3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 U1 P1 P1 S3 P3 S3 P1 U1 P1 P1 P3 S3 S3 P3 P1 P3 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1 P1 S3 P1 P3 S3 P1 S3 C3 R3 P1 P3 R3 P1 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 P3 P3 P2 U1 C1 S3 P3 U1 P3 U1 P1 P1 P3 P1 P3 P1 P1 P1 C2 P3 P2 P3 R3 P1 P3 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 S1 S1 P1 P1 P3 P1P1 P3 R3 C5 R1 P1 P1P1 P1 P1 U1 S3 R3 P1 S3 P1 P1 P1 P1P1 P1 S3 S3 P1 P1 C2 P3 P1 S3 P1 C5 U1 P1 P3 S3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 P1P1 P1 P1 S3 S2 S2 P1 R3 P1 R3 P2 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 R1 P1 P1 S3 P1 P1 U1 P2 P3 P3 P3 P3 P1 R3 P1 P3 P1 P1 P1 P3P3 P1 P1 P1 S3 R1 R3 S2 U1 P1 C2 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1 P1 P1 R1 P3 P1 P1 U1 S3 P1 R3 P1 P1 S3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P1 P1 P3 C3 P1 R3 P1 P1 R1 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 P3 P1 R3 S3 C3 C2 C1 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1 S3 P1 C3 C4 P3 P1 P1 U1 U1 U1 P1P1 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1 P1 P1 C5 C3 C4 S3 R3 P1 P1 P1 P3 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P1 P1 C3 R1 P1 P1 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 R1 P1 P3 R3 R1 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 R1 P1 P1 P1 S2 P3 P1 P3 P1 R1 P1 P1P1 R1 P1 R3 P1 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 P3 P1 R1 P1 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 R3 P1 P1P1 R3 P1 P3 S2 P1 R1 R1 R1 P3 S3 P3 R1 R3 P1 S2 R3 P1 S2 R1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 S2 P1 R3 P1 P1 P1 P1 S2 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P3 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2S2 S2S2S2S2S2S2S2S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2S2S2 S2S2S2S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2S2 S2 S2S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2S2 S2S2 S2 S2S2 S2S2 S2S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 P1 S2 S2 P3 S2 S2 R3 P1 P1 P1 S2 P1 P1 P1 P3 R1 P1 P1 P1 S2 P3 P1 S2 P1 P2 P1 P1 P1 C2 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 R1 R3 P3 P1 P1 P1 P1 S2 S2 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1P1 R1 R3 P1 S2 R1 P2 P1 P1 P1 P3 P1 P1 R3 P3 P1 P1 R1 P1 P3 P1 P1P1 R3 P1 R1 P1 R1 S3 P1 P1 R1 P1 P1 P1 P1 S2 P1 R3 P1 R1 P1 S2 P3 P1 P1 R1 P1 R1 R1 P1 R3 P1 R1 P1 P3 P1 R3 R1 R3 U2 R1 R3 R1 P1 R1 P3 R1 R3 R1 P1 P1 P1 R1 R1 P1 U2 P1 P1 P1 R1 P3 R3 P1 P3 R1 P1 P1 R1 R1 R1 P3 R1 R1 R1 R3 P1 P1 R1 P1 P1 R1 P1 R1 P1 R1 R1 P1 R1 R1 C6 S3 R1 P1 R1 R1 P1 P1 R1 P1 P1 P1 R3 R1 R3 P1 C1 R1 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R1 R1 P1 R1 R1 R1 R1 U2 R1 369 1 1 1 289 1 & 2 202/2 372 221 344 211/2 80 171 703 484 201 133 49 223 91 3 171 56 39 201 199 1/7 3 30 351 76 79 6 3 226 2 6 2 5 3 7 4 5 4 7 9 4 9 147/2 9 2 1 249 6 5 200 2 81 72 7 73 1 2 176 76 4 77 6 90 221 5 38 98 7 11 9 270 54 78 87 79 90 88 2 9 304 91 5 9 62 4 7 5 28 6 5 4 93 1/1 98 6 4 51 451 9 1/8 5 1/6 34 2 287 54 312 327 84 26 17 49 774 58 64 8 86 8 285 41 48 357 20 1/5 20 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475 278 395 79 40 500 477 11 399 267 416 179 255 274 95 447 260 387 572 32 426 105 4 140 166 246 671 412 150 92 106 178 434 562 420 1 363 33 139 102 106 266/3 520 149 115 559 347 316 110 31 172 19 603 672 320 25 233 54 330 309 675 35 718 67 25 171 530 87 402 91 551 234 560 192 343 128 213 203 235 17 335 77 18 11 208 548 102 467 258 83 23 157 272 42 165 34 86 380 527 501 656 259 159 54 87 273 194 15 140 151 181 41 426 372 253 72 138 563 184 25 620 56 64 445 60 110 518 248 550 127 85 266 386 292 112 150 114 606/1 119 62 97 534 110 384 21 43 238 322 136/A 102 78 70 388 659 764 73 273 173 73 446 498 169 88 403 42 276 301 648 49 461 84 295 29 95 33 230 307 152 456 237 216 289 105 458 373 151 72 170 218 440 434 71 116 235 569 269 266/13 118 5 18/A 258 52 334 306 331 32 498 148 109 272 163 612 118 166/A 266/10 336 373 20/C 365 280 22 347/11 51 305 767 437 385 119 62 411 310 133 112 417 38 257 39 123 665 30 85 173 185/B 15 97 429 135 477 192 96 81 4655 697 425 435 129 90 125 53 354 626 265/12 145 165/C 199 107 126 53 141 254 248 21 202 281 91 247 307 159 8 245 347/13 109 47 225 169 290 782 39 421 175 128 30 259 167 40 193 211 59 206 374 699 200 274/A 397 156 83/B 120 41 179 251 529 696 43 188 181 19 114 214 41 195 203 259 11 281 264 12 333 109 83/A 284 119 51 309 247 409 516 154 283 425 21 242 13 48 124 173 170 290 303 409 377 143 49 9 53 366 44 290 621 285 57 117 272 220 157 256 310 171 194 112 254 6 185/A 565 4 303 496 402 161 83 180 85 378 48 64 118 388 29 630 627 249 537 474 168 220 87 88 262 365 341 46 109 83 24 122 264 327 478 172 109 158 149 194 13 72 480 111 364 14 20 468 463 250 173 324 249 146 270 142 88 111 223 426 67 291 105 447 220 110 317 541 170 468 186 386 37 219 6 131 256 172 412 302 22 46 667 256/A 794 49 264 221 545 89 472 283 146 31 470 269 183 145 474 342 113 352 141 7 362 134 113 653 157 351 329 208 259 57 80 302 47 379 74 11 350 66 213 45 294 65 273 53 251 127 73 218 289 556 288 123 70 469 96 185 499 62 89 136 198 146 278 125 570 32 383 47 138 180 55 39 86 166 160 197 158 208 139 158 238 82 278 514 291 69 110 139 358 48 448 168 4 103 583 253 105 301 92 363 464 828 312 219 102 528 10 266/1 129 180 124 688 209 18/B 249 121173 682 457 282 77 37 367 49 221 46 52 282 188 37 509 360 28 153 186 21/B 355 375 49 114 374 388 107 178 42 369 236 677 153 124 230 40 106 86 236 61 17 159 217 770 38 50 79 196 264 46 278 404 47 131 319 25 123 291 235 111 146 137 464 121 140 189 266 218 554 403 2 137 205 383 83 367 275 55 112 176 361 257 105 514 535 292 133 68 117 109 125 45 159 181 148 166 94 87 111 526 135 85 117 178 207 210 132 116 270 121 115 47 548 163 146 451 266/11 77 147 146 479 381 88 307 47 196 28 9 325 108/B 137 233 117 703/2 521 24 2 273 193 69 347/12 245 157 101 453 226 86 276 40 331 99 105 154 93 228 255 145 36 212 296 53 266 58 310 368 275 34 44 128 1 15 155 5 808 829 821 135 279 182 125 238 247 108/A 664 80 122 128 187 49 123 99 28 70 340 203 174 158/B 76 110 410 275 180 48 239 184 171/2 35 73 442 32 31 272 276 379 127 64 299 132 202 48 89 159 202 347/4 123 274 174 587 221 116 102 135 6 258 106 241 224 322 209 132 308 137 46 12/C 143 105 159 495 286/A 42 527 51 112 194 11 169 8 141 481 291 266 354 129 134 534 342 119 378 411 120 35 305 202 141 147 146 260 276 126 313 646 150 331 418 77 175 287 164 344 134 171/1 77 12 113 418 30 347 257 222 213 124 87 180 269 185 178 52 43 139 88 35 220 266 118 392 21 3 223 73 126 241 218 41 212 47 127 34 237 139 193_A 147 358 241 23 341 262 69 243 154 76 32 138 51 14 203 16 230 215 531 181 15 37 61 3 130 254 142 468 227 24 8 416 4662 569 375 128 26 71 35 98 201 126 191 74 138 221 38 579 248 431 65 115 115 168 663 802 135 215 27 240 12 182 179 1 102 164 86 406 177 260 155 553 347/16 1 214 86 48 357 640 228 207 18 29 267 67 297 256 344/1 162 314 55 12 133 45 348 124 142 347/7 128 256 692 121 581 136 139 196 347/5 79 289 344/7 276 537 244 24 240 4664 13 315 163 237 119 260 175 316 66 89 30 276 21 420 332 81 162 122 385 538 155 261 396 244 195 133 218 136 470 151 396 167 283/A 85 356 233 177 108 122 2 7 205 239 199 307 12 149 118 271 41 201/2 234 153 31 154 107 220 745 265/13 698 291 175 510 689 222 230 197 281 39 21/A 198 199 242 178 111 523 62 142 174 493 265 120 226 57 55 38 152 57 417 298 149 17 6 125 283 119 272 93 265 372 424 237 169 223 147 68 35 20 176 573 454 128/C 414 196 50 88 138 14 204 537 183 112 358 41 785 163 296 252 471 339 64 134 133 707 50 372/9 326 43 532 1 415 286 129 141 496 257 165 454 624 72 30 382 161 809 331 215 217 691 336 16 211 661 458 347/10 178 154 71 111 132 106 69 437 1 194 27 88 283 351 226 343 223 241 190 143 124 277 34 129 40 148 168 807 58/A 200 14 367 198 338 441 368 288 455 73 72 81 188 42 341 430 436 285 367 171 46 120 10 195 80 326 349 25 132 117 305 136 26 263 20 212 36 267 188 108 243 104 1/9 289 142 91 213 78 236 116 257 334 250 139 34 292 344/3 58 208 118 92 31 133 197 260 186 584 53 82 43 512 124 263 101 130 17 31 139 70 344/8 109 376 209 54 245 39 349 60 210 50 429 205 72 227 423 560 207 120 88 214 328 240 432 30 80 10 158 212 201 330 53 57 325 178 190 372/1 246 198 113 46 484 206 19 536 55 324 145 171 442 60 329 359 461 299 751 1 77 170 122 2 293 187 383 322 377 272 68 215 70 318 479 74 149 64 200 494 44 372/10 702 117 187 271 76 113 212 250 136 141 291 229 5 120 56 55 48 295 31 142 708 650 15 349 81 758 114 142 264 215 748 465 10 231 91 100/B 23 280 248 140 126 279 46 98 547 398 138 395 346 232 305 157 209 79 277 372 26/C 589 66 673 76 97 231 58/B 348 479 23 344 196 148 208 425 412 193 44 686 107 192 736 251 106 156 495 700 29 27 174 121 19 522 239 131 215 372/2 128/A 397 37 32 413 292 78 119 26 167 56 230 121 533 136 92 390 177 213 143 209 106 518 540 275/C 181 144 273 12 265/15 288 772 66 243 209 443 413 100 55 80 229 208 87 78 288 182 197 77 182 125 369 281 321 75 123 206 26 69 200 374 103 778 183 344/9 64 129 555 330 717 24 58 245 22 127 166 284 49 144 37 124 82 297 334 167 329 533 361 316 252 201/1 143 216 46 137 4 639 272 82 165 252 128 147 450 347/18 216 381 30 83 524 361 104 27 285 165/B 298 225 151 237 274 18 271/C 1 293 275 299 151 10 142 139 347/9 308 433 5 51 255 257 211 35 152 55 219 294 376 26/B 101 364 191 41 694 19 3 232 205 21 12/B 535 123 128/B 287 300 103 747 42 421 427 254 48 211 27 280 13 285 169 69 20/B 335 82 26 339 158 510 31 93 94 100 112 135 80 40 214 186 309 399 86 111 166 182 416 288 222 189 136 126 112 160 28 401 420 275 54 187 65 233 485 466 186 111 209 319 231 288 277 103 575 43 125 189 19 190 245 75 90 31 50 309 239 78 144 142 334 207 85 130 76 326 4 164 152 193 234 399 74 182 104 343 283 240 189 375 102 301 286 350 408 511 223 130 81 54 461 407 249 53 15 215 167 96 249 83 275/A 29 65 338 302 106 211 94 135 115 284 140 165 239 67 283 30 153 187 176 28 59 58 776 212 101 188 63 323 372/4 428 272 47 274 371 4657 132 105 286 312 263 418 35 460 56 188 32 210 333 165 467 328 321 721 191 39 243 130 225 79 576 67 78 30 128 372/3 126 555 64 480 130 102 68 54 75 145 81 45 185 268/C 336 54 239 716 762 286 372/7 400 362 110 68 511 483 30 39 335 405 287 191 115 123 282 217 114 213 306 417 122 704 285 174 495 484 490 95 62 98 149 19 111 812 25 405 252 268/B 145 154 94 347/8 198 208 142 228 713 38 380 40 165 41 53 45 220 10 765 65 561 121 76 120 109 115 204 63 113 90 327 11 42 165 494 221 68 125 262 11 46 60 1/13 183 60 638 126 344/10 519 94 289 63 238 175 302 94 96 81 133 141 103 273 263 545 21 182 105 327 446 95 11 350 197 179 42 109 97 135 522 266/12 287 151 386 389 173 36 35 120 142 123 20/B 51 312 205 380 308 12 353 144 372 141 318 120/1 295 200 189 212 206 203 68 66 101 187 467 314 106 347 19 773 104 156 92 326 144 66 130 339 793/1 404 45 222 37 80 270 310 107 385 358 40 282 553 110 13 123 151 48 175 372/5 311 147 525 753 313 132 577 384 218 247 97 325 275 308 173 288 115 153 760 108 159 426 177 265 106 226 141 160 253 107 131/B 173 299 831 2 137 267 6 304 732 385 9 300 143 254 494 122 84 153 320 282 76 41 90 719 70 121 305 16 714 187 44 295 48 195 162 144 95 187 75 128/E 710 191 91 61 243 84 139 157 88 150 731 754 280 131 25 140 726 188 164 58 146 14 291 114 520 313 499 71 352 12 293 100 12 301 305 161 426 93 303 465 241 239 199 112 340 282/A 19 78 146 701 55 31/B 236 146 261 554 532 113 340 241 368 497 274 265/9 1 101 84 28 328 485 286 513 119 337 179 290 137 251 301 128/D 204 4 268/B 169 109 22 74 51 96 245 372/8 171 505 128 683 20/C 346 283/B 17 170 106 182 158 222 394 137 452 241 274/B 99 535 130 495 214 78 286 32 338 177 337 165 113 112 71 241 339 501 384 512 173 85 79 151 156 36 178 62 72 372/6 502 303 25 44 506 10829 345 312 18/B 101 529 137 264 89 480 170 733 289 390 28 319 39 20 5 37 539 14 524 39 349 432 43 304 14 523 406 527 26317 318 93 282/B 179 342 523 213 513 41 252 218 308 261 216 3 277 282 237 42 149 531 735 314 491 124 125 578 190 797 238 183 84 440 42 212 94/A 33 41 737 150 133 579 305 264 285 283 271 723 212 227 90 16 148 559 212 573 12 135 147 108 251 206 83 253 344 452 8515 322 11 144 297 95 4 70 162 219 56 104 560 168 296 88 54 312 61 582 368 33 303 239 8587 6 128/B 320 486 27/C 144 21 66 81 93 74 128 31 46 172 176 497 503 33 45 66 397 33 382 215 246 132 303 119 711 256 87 47 344/5 187 79 51 125 379 33 353 61 203 227 322 436 41 37 75 5 127 15 36 133 236 158 266 36 108/1 505 89 91 273 287 228 259 9 86/1 27/B 75 Inner Ring Road Vijayawada Bypass Inner Ring Road In nerRin g Road Vijayawada Bypass Raynapadu Vijayawada Kolanukonda Jupudi Kotturu Shabada Tarapet Nutakki Prathuru Mulapadu Damuluru Elaprolu Kothapet Badepuram Chilukuru Tadepalle Vemavaram Gollapudi Vaddamanu Karlapudi Mothadaka Gundimeda Tadikonda Mellempudi Kondapalle Malkapuram Rayanapadu Guntupalle Pedaparimi Ponnekallu Ganiatukuru Kilesapuram Paidurupadu Surayapalem Sitanagaram Vaddeswaram Nidumukkala Chinakakani Kethanakonda Kotikalapudi Tummalapalem Vykuntapuram Ibrahimpatnam Pedda Madduru Kunchanapalle Pedavadlapudi Zami Machavaram Vijayawada City Mangalagiri (M) Lachannagudipudi Harischandrapuram N H -16 (5) NH - 65 (9) NH-30(221) NH - 65 (9) NH -65(9) SCALE: 1:30,000 TITLE : Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati DATE 0 1 2 30.5 KM Assistant Planner Zonal Assistant Director 2 Zonal Assistant Director 3 (G. Nageswara Rao) (Dr. N .Srikant, I.A.S) (R. Ramakrishna Rao) Zonal Assistant Director 1 Kurnool Chitoor KadapaAnantapur Nellore Prakasam Guntur Krishna East Godavari Visakhapatnam Srikakulam West Godavari Vizianagaram Krishna Guntur Prakasam West Godavari KEY MAP : 22 -02-2016 Planning Officer Director - Planning Commissioner (V. Prasanna Venkatesh, I.A.S) Additional Commissioner Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Note: 1) R1 includes all the notified water bodies and they will continue to exist. 2) The Cadastral boundaries and numbers shall be read with revenue records. 3) Draft Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati prepared by M/s Surbana Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd, Singapore 0 R3-Medium to high density zone C6-Central business district zone Legend X Existing Railway Stations Capital City Planning Boundary Village Administrative Boundaries Survey Parcels @ Land mark Existing Railway line DownTown Road Alignment Proposed Bund Alignment Existing Bund Road Road Network Outside Planning Boundary Residential R2-Low density zone R4-High density zone C1 -Mixed use zone C2- General commercial zone C3-Neighbourhood centre zone C4-Town centre zone C5-Regional centre zone I1-Business park zone I2-Logistics zone I3-Non polluting industry zone P1-Passive zone P2-Active zone P3-Protected zone P3-Protected zone S1-Government zone S2-Education zone S3-Special zone U1-Reserve zone U2- Road reserve zone Commercial Industrial Open Space and Recreation Institutional Facilities Infrastructure Reserve R1-Village planning zone Detailed Master Plan of Amaravati. Source: Capital Region Development Authority, Governmet of Andhra Pradesh.
  • 7. 8 any developmental activities are already established there with irreversible consequences.6 1.5. The final Master plan which was introduced in February 2016 revealed the plans for deviating 13 islands (These are Lanka islands inhabited by around 500 Dalit families for more than 600 years, the displacement and marginalization issues of these families without return land is explained in the Section 4.2. of this complaint) for tourism and development purposes.7 They are also recognized as wetlands and falls under the agreement of Ramsar Convention. The Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 A.3 stipulates to “assess the adequacy of the applicable legal and institutional framework, including applicable international environmental agreements”, and henceforth warrants to ensure that the Bank will not co-finance such projects which supersedes such international agreements. Communities asserted that prohibitions are to be honoured in such cases of land reclamation, industrial development, permanent construction and any actions impacting the ecosystem of these islands. 1.6. Serious climatic shifts in the proposed Amaravati area is an advancing thought from the concerned environmental-conscious residents of the State and nationwide. This has been haphazardly scanned by the Bank infringing on its own clause OP/BP 4.01 A.2. A highly ambitious concrete city with structures of glass, steel, flyovers, transport connectivity systems as speculated in the Master Plan will enhance the growing climate crisis. 1.6.1 India has been identified as a water stress zone bytheInternationalWaterManagementInstituteand the issue of water scarcity also affects the proposed capital area, if the floodplains of Krishna River are encroached upon for construction purposes without paying caution to the proper conservation and management of water. Floodplains are the last resort for pure unpolluted water for Indian cities. 1.6.2. Installing buildings on floodplains will increase the risk of irrevocable impairments. The State with its long coastal line is most vulnerable to cyclone and sea-level change. Though alternatives are 6 Original Application No. 171 of 2015, (M. A. No. 510 of 2015), Before the National Green Tribunal, Prin- cipal Bench, New Delhi, Pandalaneni Srimannarayan & Anr. Vs.State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors. 7 Deccan Chronicle: (2017) Andhra Pradesh: Island farmers on warpath. Accessed from: https://www.dec- canchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070417/andhra- pradesh-island-farmers-on-warpath.html mentioned by Bank (SESA-ESMF for Amaravati)8 for flood/storm water management including the raising of construction levels higher than the local historical flood levels, it is strongly inferred that destroying the natural absorption and discharge of Krishna floodplain will tremendously increase flash flooding, which will not be rectified by developing three more reservoirs, as mentioned in SESA- ESMF. Moreover, SESA-ESMF has given inadequate emphasis on the flood risks of Krishna floodplain, given the historical records of frequent floods there. Though GoAP has given written declaration to NGT regarding protection of floodplains, the Master Plan discloses that the SEED Capital will be built on 30 metre deep floodplain. The Master Plan has also shown that construction will happen between the Krishna bund and river, which is seen as impromptu encroachment of the river. The Bank needs to ascertain whether it has followed OP/BP 4.01 A.7 in including consultations on EA which are indeed multi-dimensional here, and if they are brought into the notice of GoAP. We are, in fact, presented with more arguable reasons that the Bank and the GoAP has not given least consideration for the protection of river ecology in the State. The proposal to elevate many thousand acres land for high-rise buildings to prevent floods from Krishna river and Kondaveeti Vagu have been challenged at the NGT, and the viability of this plan is a point of contention as explained by noted environmentalists of the country.9 1.6.3 The proposal to realign Krishna River bund is stated in the Master Plan, since Amaravati is celebrated as a Blue-Green Capital City, with a river frontage. This diversion is also purportedly suggested to provide ample public facility space against the 30 km stretch of waterfront. It is also defended by the GoAPthatthisrealignmentofKrishnaRiverwouldbe executed without compromising the flood protection or the course of the river.10 Only private owners of lands on either sides of the river and the bund will benefit from this scheme, by reclaiming more land between old and new bunds. The natural flow of the water will be disrupted resulting in grave danger, 8 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage- ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 54 9 Deccan Chronicle: (2016) NGT raises doubts about Amaravati. Accessed from: http://www.deccan- chronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/160916/ngt-rais- es-doubts-about-amaravati.html 10 APCRDA (2016): Amaravati Project Ed. No.1, March
  • 8. 9 as examined by environmental experts. Several studies have reported the effects of global warming on Krishna River and it has been identified as one of the nation’s most affected river as a consequence of climate change. Kondaveeti Vagu is a catchment area for the heavy rainfalls. The flood water from this area passes through many tributaries and finally joins Krishna River after more than fifteen to thirty days. When the tributaries are disturbed, flow of flood water is restricted, leading to stagnation and crop destruction every year for the farmer. The capital city has been sited at this exact location. Details of flood mitigation in the capital city are not sufficiently mentioned in the Bank’s disclosure documents. 1.6.4. The State is categorized in the seismic zone Zone II and III and particularly the land slotted for Amaravati is in Zone III. It has been reported (Geological Survey of India) from seismic micro zonation here that earthquakes could result from the neotectonic faults located within 150 kms away from Amaravati.11 Despite the NGT stay order on the construction of activities, GoAP has vehemently proceeded with the establishing of a temporary capital secretariat at the proposed area. This is in utter disregard to the law and Constitution of India. We fail to comprehend why the Bank would proceed, in inconsistence with its own environmental policy (OP/BP 4.01 A.3), to finance this project in a vulnerable area prone to natural disasters. 2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats Theissuesofalteringriverbasins,wetlandsandislands to ‘development sites’ mentioned in Section 1 of this document are in resonance with the deviation of the bank’s policy on natural habitats as well (OP/BP 4.04 B.2, B.3 and B.5). Opportunities for environmentally sustainable development are profoundly negligible in this project. In spite of repeated appeals from project affected communities and attentive environmental groups, the sub-components of the project are proceeding to build an artificial ‘greenfield’ capital by disrupting the natural ecology of the designatedarearichwithdiversebio-resources.Though the Bank’s policy on Forests will be analysed against the GoAP’s current submission to Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climatic Change in Section 11 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh. 5 of this document, it is imperative to mention here that uprooting natural forests to install bio parks is incongruous, and will fail to preserve the native floraandfauna.IntheMasterPlan,ithasbeenoutlined that 252 ha of land in Tadepalli Reserve Forest is under consideration for possible conversion to construction site, and it is awaiting clearance from MoEFFC. Recent media articles expose that in fact 12,444.89 ha of Kondapalli Reserve Forests is under similar consideration for conversion, and in May 2017 the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) has recommended the Expert Committee to examine the Master Plan in order to proceed further with their review of the submission by GoAP.12 We want the Bank to reflect and specify if this violation of OP/BP 4.04 B.2 warrants your definitive statement regarding the mentioned devious strategy of GoAP to acquire uninhabited forest land for easy conversion. It is nonetheless daunting to find that the Bank has mentioned there are no critical natural habitats in Amaravati capital city area.13 3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources In the Master Plan, many existing heritage sites are planned to be maintained per se “to respect and support the rich cultural and religious heritage of the city”. Amaravati Temple and Buddha statue, Ananthavaram Temple, Neerukonda Hill, Kondapalli Fort, Undavalli Caves, Mangalagiri Temple and Kanakadurga Temple are the key destinations planned within the religious tourism circuit of the city.14 It has been further mentioned that this circuit will be connected through waterfronts and eco-tourism islands, via Bhavani Island and Undavalli Caves. Though OP/BP 4.11 mentions the Bank’s stipulation to “avoid structures/natural features and landscapes having archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious and unique natural values”, proper ascertainment has not been provided by both the GoAP’s Master Plan and the Bank whether the ancient sites will be altered to conform to the demands of the aggressive project design, especially pertaining to the Undavalli caves and Rock-Cut Temple which falls well within Amaravati capital city. 12 EPW (2017): Amaravati Threatens to March on Kondapalli, Economic and Political Weekly, 24 June 13 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage- ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 54 14 Amaravati Master Plan, Chapter 10, pg. 155
  • 9. 10 4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement It is made aware through media at large that Amaravati Capital City Area development and construction activities will span over a period of 35-40 years involving various diverse sub-projects. Deliberating on the Bank’s SESA-ESMF and Resettlement Policy Framework documents15 notified in your website, a few questions arise: • Has the SIA been finalized through detailed field supervision? • Other than the regular guidelines and fleeting promises regarding resettlement, has the Bank given due diligence to this colossal risky project with Category A status? • What are the measures sought by the Bank to address the evident gaps in SIA, and are the hidden risks contemplated of, and if so would they be disclosed to the project-affected communities? • What is the extent of democratic consultation and participation while designing SESA-ESMF? Do they really resonate with the directives given in the Bank’s own documents?16 The grave indiscretions directed at communities are emphasized here with specific reference to land acquisition, displacement of families and communities, loss of livelihoods, lack of attention on vulnerable groups and cultural displacement. 4.1. “The Government notified an extent of 8352.69 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (CR) vide G.O.Ms.Nos. 253 & 207, dt. 30-12-2014 & 22-09-2015 which is meant for development under the provisions of APCRDA Act, 2014. The Capital Region includes 953 villages, 12 urban local bodies (2 Corporations, 2-Town areas, 8-Municipalities) of 26 Mandals in Guntur District and 30 Mandals in Krishna District. The Government notified an extent of 217.23 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital City Area (CA) vide G.O.Ms. Nos. 254 & 141, dt. 30-12-2014 & 09-06- 2015 which is meant for construction of Capital City Development Project under the provisions of Land Pooling Scheme. The Capital City area falls 15 World Bank Amaravati Sustainable Infra- structure and Institutional Development Project Proj- ect and Operations http://projects.worldbank.org/ P159808/?lang=en&tab=documents&subTab=archivalRe- cords 16 World Bank (2017): Draft Resettlement Policy Framework, APCRDA, February, pg 28 in Guntur District (on the west of Old National Highway from Prakasam barraiage to Y-Junction at Mangalagiri. It covers 24 Revenue Villages and part of Tadepalli Municipality covering Mandals of Thullur, Mangalagiri and Tadepalli.17 The State has claimed from early 2015 that land will be acquired for the reason of public purpose only, and Amaravati will be developed as a People’s Capital. The validity of the CRDA Act, 2014 itself has been challenged as unconstitutional and contrary to the AP Reorganisation Act.18 The citizens are facing the acute errors of the promises of the Government from much early in this project, disregarding our choices and decisions, even from the instance of siting. When there were plenty of alternatives available for the State, siting a fertile food- belt area wilt multi-irrigated crops, displacing 20,000 families and unidentified others is intangible to the development falsely proposed to citizens of the State. The Bank has also failed to give a close look into these insights, violating OP/BP 4.12 D.1, when the siting of the capital city location gives no alternative to avoid displacement and the site itself is in a disadvantaged location. Across AP and India, several leaders, people’s representatives, experts and concerned groups have expressed their dissent to the State’s Chief Minister regarding the elbow-wrenching strategies forcefully used on people opposing land acquisition.19 The much acclaimed ‘Land Pooling’ is not what people required, as envisioned in the Master Plan, or lauded by the external authorities like the Bank, who are not part of communities. Several false reports and allegations are available in the media regarding this breachofanexistinglandlawofIndiaLandAcquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act 2013 (LA ACT). The Land Ordinance repeatedly promulgated by the Government of India from January 2015 onwards has immensely helped the AP government in intimidating farmers. It is alleged that the Government should be accused of land-grabbing and has become land- brokers for private interests. Land Pooling was challenged through writ petitions and cases are still pending at the High Court of Guntur-Krishna districts. Experts, academicians, activists, NGOs have 17 APCRDA (2017): Amaravati Project Edition 2, March 18 Writ Petition No 99 of 2015 currently pending in the High Court at Hyderabad 19 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im- plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February
  • 10. 11 also disputed the same. Recalling OP/BP 4.12 D.2, people reiterate that it has been not been in tandem with their realities. There was nil environmental or social impact assessments conducted. Though the State asserts that it held comprehensive consultations with urban development consultations and public organizations, there was only one public consultation held in January 2017 and four more such consultations were held while writing this document.20 Yet, these hasty hearings without due notice to the concerned groups, seemed like a farce especially when this point was highlighted in the previous IPN-Request No. RQ 17/04 [case with Inspection Panel of World Bank. The then released final draft of Bank’s ESF (August 2017) published in conjunction with the timing of these hearings raise abundant doubts. 4.2. Paying particular attention to displacement of Vulnerable Groups and landless families has been elucidated in OP/BP4.12 D. 4. But certain hidden revelations need to be brought to light regarding the outright caste discrimination of Dalits and other assigned land holders with respect to the compensation/rehabilitation as against the patta land holders in the process of pooling land for Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.21 They are not compensated through adequate national land compensation legislation. Given below are some stark observations by National Alliance of People’s Movements India (NAPM) during its fact finding studies: 20 Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (2017) Public Notice on the safeguard docu- ments. August. The notice can be accessed here: http:// tiny.cc/wqsd6y 21 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im- plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February It may be noted that according to GO MS No. 41, which was issued on 17. 02. 2015, there is a stark discrimination between the compensation promised for patta, assigned and government lands. Four different packages were announced for patta lands, assigned lands, lanka assigned lands and Government land. For every acre of patta jareebu land, 1000 sq. yards of residential space and 450 sq. yardsofcommercialspaceispromised.Foreveryacre of assigned jareebu land, 800 sq. yards of residential space and 200 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. For every acre of assigned lanka jareebu land, 500 sq. yards of residential space and 100 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. Since some assigned lands don’t have proper records, they are being categorized as ‘Government lands’. For every acre of such land being cultivated by the farmer, just 250 sq. yards of residential space is promised. However, all the assigned lands and lanka assigned lands are being cultivated since the time of British rule. The Government has been taking advantage of the fact that most of the people don’t have documents of the assigned lands. Since it is the poor and the Dalits who form the lion’s share of the assigned lands, the signatories alleged that this is as an outright discrimination by the State against the oppressed castes – the Dalits. The signatories demanded that the Government should uphold the letter and spirit of the Constitution instead of actively undermining the values, rights and entitlements enshrined in the Indian Constitution. While the Dalits are economically discriminated on the basis of the size of reconstituted plots they will be compensated with, there is a whole social angle to this caste discrimination. In most villages, the Dalits were systematically given plots far away from the development area in low-lying areas while the upper castes were given costly plots at the centre of the development area. The letter feared that the rest of the villages also will face similar situation in the future, which is a re-creation of the caste structure in the villages. It is a shame and totally unacceptable and unconstitutional that the Government, which has a mandate to prevent and act against any form of discrimination is in fact actively promoting and perpetuating caste discrimination in the garb of ‘resettlement’, the letter states. The Bank needs to amend OP/BP 4.12 D. 7, and is exhorted to hold the mentioned policy accountable. Farmers handing over affidavits to Municipal Administration Minister P. Narayana at Nelapadu village in Thullur mandal in Guntur District on Friday. Farmers in this village became the first stakeholders by voluntarily giving consent letters to become part of the LPS to the Minister. Photo: T. Vijaya Kumar/The Hindu
  • 11. 12 4.3. There have been peer-reviewed articles and findings of few fact-finding groups, and we have also borrowed extracts from their works which are cited in this document, since they well articulate anxieties of Amaravati citizens. After the capital location was announced, the land values started rising steeply making land transactions a prominent activity from early November 2014. Within a month, the property dealers are known to have taken over 3,500 acres from farmers, involving more than `4,000 crore, “almost the entire amount paid in cash” (NAPM 2014).22 The rules were not made available in the local language. Short deadlines were set to pressurise farmers for speedy surrender of lands even before their implications were understood by them. The government exhibited a “rhetoric of urgency” to “justify the speeding up of law-making, regulations and policies to enable a new city to quickly materialize.”23 Second, it is widely believed that the land ordinance with several anti- farmer provisions was promulgated to coincide with the CRDA Act. It was argued that it was brought in as a “conspiracy” to enable the AP government to intimidate the farmers. In a democracy, “you don’t re-promulgate an ordinance. This (Union) Government did it thrice” (Devasahayam’s view as cited in Subramanyam and Varma 2015). The AP governmentextendedthelandpoolingdeadlineeight times (Deccan Chronicle 2015c) till the ordinance lapsed. Third, a petition has been filed before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), New Delhi24 raising several environmental concerns. The NGT directed the state of AP “not to carry out any operations of the clearing of the land falling in the project area” without obtaining environmental clearance. The AP government, however, violated the order by levelling land and destroying crops in some villages. Despite this, the Prime Minister of India laid the foundation for the new capital.25 4.4. InAP,theCapitalRegionDevelopmentAuthority (CRDA) is given “absolute power to acquire, sell, transfer, grant license or alienate the land” for the 22 NAPM (2014): “NAPM Fact-finding Committee Findings on AP Capital Region Land Issue,” undated. The committee visited 16 villages on 5–6 December 2014. 23 Datta, A (2015): “New Urban Utopias of Postco- lonial India: ‘Entrepreneurial Urbanization’ in Dholera Smart City, Gujarat,” Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(1): 3–22. 24 Application No 171 of 2015, National Green Tri- bunal at New Delhi. 25 NGT Order dated 10 October 2015 purpose of development or redevelopment (Suchitra 2015).26 The land of our State is increasingly seen with new value internationally. It is not merely a transformation from agricultural land to industrial land; we realize that our lands are seen as ‘financial resources’ by the State to attract private international corporations and investors. The proposition to acquire land or in our case “pool” land from us, a majority of us being farmers, is a subtle strategy to lease large portions of our land to corporations for their profits. Have you really identified this concern of us, as how OP/BP 4.12 D. 5, D.6, explains? Displacement of our traditional farming occupations, increasing risks of unemployability when an IT-centric capital evolves, disappearanceofsmallholdingsandfurtherbordering marginalization are increasing areas for our anxiety. Considerations such as right to consent, caste composition in the sited areas, sustainability of communities’ cultural practices, demographic survey, have not been given due diligence in SESA_ ESMF document. The Bank has neither prepared participatory appraisal processes, project and subproject component and mitigation measures, nor called out for the consent of restoration of livelihoods in alignment with OP/BP 4.12 D. 10. 5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests 5.1. There are no distinguishing proposals or mention in the original Master Plan for enhancing the forest cover in area designated for capital city area. Inferring from Amaravati Master Plan, GoAP has submitted request to MoEFCC to de-notify 252 ha of land at Tadepalli Reserve Forests. Meanwhile, reports have also identified identical proposal to MoEFCC in 2015 regarding diversion of 12,444.89 ha forest land at Kondapalli Reserve for infrastructure purposes. GoAP wants to proceed with deforestation for developing bio-diversity parks, cultural and industrial park, cultural theme park, adventure eco-theme park, aerospace and green mobility industrial park, integrated infrastructure park and similar parks. This transgresses OP/BP. 4.36 since the plan involves significant conversion of critical notified and protected forests, which is, yet again, in conjunctionwithcriticalhabitatscategory(mentioned in Section 2). 5.2. People’s affirmation is further supplemented based on Government of India’s (GoI) Forest Policy 26 Suchitra, M (2015): “Capital Punishment,” Down To Earth, 15 Feb.
  • 12. 13 1988 to preserve our remaining natural forests. The proposals are also in direct conflict with the Indian Forest Right Act 1927 and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.It has to be noted that Kondapalli Reserve Forests indeed has communities dependent on forest produce for livelihood (Kondapalli Toys).27 Though AP Reorganization Act states that the Government can divert forestlands if no alternatives are available, this has been highly regarded as a weak justification for defending the ease of altering forest lands. Afforestation declared as compensation package in controversial Polavaram area is unreasonable, as identified by irrigation experts, as the terrain is difficult to irrigate and the experiences of earlier cultivation have been difficult.MoEFgavesiteclearanceforthePolavaramdam in AP in October 2005. But the National Environment Appellate Authority quashed the environmental clearance to the dam because the mandatory public hearings were not held. When MoEF gave forest clearance to the project in July 2010, it turned out the Andhra Pradesh government had lied to obtain the clearance for the Polavaram project. It told MoEF 27 Kondapalli Toy making is an art of hand crafting, which has been around for five centuries, primarily based on figures of mythology, animals, birds, bullock carts, rural life. Tella Poniki, the soft wood for these dancing dolls is acquired from Kondapalli forests and the wood is seasoned for years. The artisans involved have migrated from the State of Rajasthan from 16th c. there were no forest rights to be settled under Forest Rights Act in the project affected areas.28 5.3. The State (erstwhile undivided Andhra Pradesh) has also earlier flouted the Supreme Court orders regarding stay on deforestation (Report of CAG 2013).29 It has been ironically stated by GoAP Chief Minister that precious natural forests have become highly vulnerable to exploitation and degradation, and that it is the State’s responsibility to conserve the with its natural flora and fauna for this generation and posterity.30 We recognize this stark incoherence from State’s chief functionary31 statements as well and also resolutely urge the Bank to opt out from the project component. 28 Down To Earth (2015): Polavaram fraud, Accessed from: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/ polavaram-fraud-33444 29 Orders of Supreme Court were flouted by the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board, where the diversion of forestland in Nagarjunasagar Dam was allowed without prior permission of the Supreme Court http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/unlocking-forests-does- CAF-Bill2015.pdf 30 Andhra Pradesh State of Forest Report -2014 31 “The Central Government shall facilitate the creation of a new capital for the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, if considered necessary, by denotifying degraded forest land”, Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, Part X, 94 (4) Superimposition of Capital City Master Plan on Satellite Image acquired from Google Earth. Visualisation: Debadityo Sinha/India Together
  • 13. 14 O ther than the aforementioned infringements of the Bank on its own environmental and social safeguards, a few implications need to be established as well as propositions put forth to the Bank for better discernment of issues regarding Amaravati communities related to this project. More than a mere recapitulation of their concerns, which indeed looms throughout this entire document, we want to voice our resistance to ill-conceived projects undertakenbytheborrowerstatesandourcontentions with the Bank’s inadequacy of existing policies which claim to supposedly serve the course of development in borrowing countries. A. Lack of Public Consultation, Consent and Democratic Oversight “The Requesters mention that only one consultation was held in January 2017 on the draft SESA-ESMF and draft RPF, and that only 150 persons out of an estimated 127,505 potentially affected people attended this consultation; five online comments were submitted. They allege intimidation at this consultation from security forces and state that some participants were forcibly turned away.”32 B. SIA not Addressed in WB-SESA ESMF “The master plan proposes to distribute the 4.5 million people who will inhabit Amaravati by 2050 into 18 self-sustainable townships through integration of land use and transport planning. What is envisioned appears to be a highly regulated (and controlled?) city. Can such a city accommodate the urban informal sector and the poor/low-income people who migrate to the city in search of livelihood opportunities? Will Amaravati become a private city— 32 World Bank (2017): Notice of Registration - IPN REQUEST RQ 17/04 India: Proposed Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project (P159808) planned, built (and even administered) by private/ foreign companies/governments? The Concept Note on Smart Cities by the Government of India specifies that most of the infrastructure in smart cities will be taken up “either as complete private investment or through PPPs” (public–private partnerships).”33 “To assume that Amaravati as a capital will attract 4 million migrants in the next 20 years is beyond belief.34 “The master plan also talks about creating 6,35,000 jobs by 2050 without spelling out how these jobs will come about (Ang Chit Sin et al 2015). The only concrete employment option that has been spelt out in the document refers to capitalising on the key tourist attractions: on river Krishna, the scenic islands (riverbed tourism), historic Undavalli caves, Kanaka Durga temple, Amaravati Buddha statue, Kondapalli fort, and so forth. Even if the promises are delivered, these jobs are not going to be helpful for the displaced workers of Amaravati region, but will be beneficial to a small class of professional workers. The government documents say that all displaced workers will be “reskilled” in order to accommodate them in the proposed industries of the new city and the region. The AP Skill Development Corporation (APSDC) will be established to reskill the workers. 2009). The most likely scenario is that workers (small farmers, tenants, landless and non-agricultural workers) will be released into the larger world, leaving their labour up for grabs, and as targets of intense exploitation.”35 C. Violation of Constitution of India and other Laws The following are the National/State Policies, Laws and Regulations listed in the Bank’s own SESA_ESMF document, which are found to be violated. Also listed among them are the new laws/acts with amendments as well, to accommodate and/or circumnavigate various issues in the larger project design. There are many others which do not presently fall under the scope of this document since they warrant attention at sub-project levels. 33 “Draft Concept Note on Smart City Scheme,” Revised as on 3 December 2014, Work under Progress, http://indiansmartcities.in. 34 Ramachandraiah, C (2015):” Andhra Pradesh’s Master Plan for Its New Capital”, Speculation and Weak Foundations” EPW, 19 Sep 35 Vakulabharanam, Vamsi (2017): “Babu’s Camelot: Amaravati and the Emerging Capitalist Dynamics in ‘New’ Andhra Pradesh”, EPW, January Several villagers staged protest at Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) office in Vijayawada in January 8, 2016 protesting against the draft master plan of Amaravati by raising slogans that the proposed road connectivity in the capital may damage the archaeological site of Undavalli caves and expressing doubts over the existence of several houses in the villages. Photo: The Hans India
  • 14. 15 Laws Status of Violation Andhra Pradesh State Action Plan for Climate Change, 2012 Been violated APCRDA Act, 2014 New The Andhra Pradesh Capital City Land Pooling Scheme (Formulation And Implementation) Rules, 2015 Violating Central LARR Act 2013 Constitution of India - Article 39 (A), Article 47, Article 48 (A), Article 51 (A), Article 21 Violated National Water Policy, 2012 Violated Forest Policy, 1988 Violated National Action Plan for Climate Change, 2008 Violated Environment Protection Act, 1986 Violated EIA Notification 2006 and Environmental Clearance Violated Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Violated The Water (Prevention Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 Violated Air Act 1981 Violated National Wetland Rules, 2010 Violated Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 Foreseen National Disaster Management Act, 2005 Foreseen National Green Tribunal Act 2010 Cases pending Right To Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act ,2013 Gravely violated; Case with Supreme Court from 2018 on the AP State Land Amendment Bill
  • 15. 16 D. Coercion, Intimidation “While the LPS was supposed to be voluntary, the AP government has relied heavily on using police as an instrument of coercion and intimidation along with several tactics which have come to be locally known as the “mind game” which has, probably, few parallels in India in recent years. The large absentee landowners, who left agriculture and have been leasing out lands and belong to the upper-caste support base of the TDP in the Thullur area, were the early ones to come forward to join land pooling. The government has claimed that it has entered into MoUs with several foreign and Indian companies, worth about `5 lakh crore by offering thousands of acres of public land.”36 “To analyse the twin strategies of speculation and intimidation/ coercion, we have drawn heavily from print media reports, government orders, master plan documents, field visits, and interviews with local activists and farmers.”37 36 Times of India (2016a): “AP Land Bank Grows 3 Times in a Year, Boosts Industrialisation Plans,” Times of India, 13 January 37 Ramachandraiah, C (2016):”Amaravati- A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation”, EPW, April “The TDP organised an interactive meeting of the farmers with the chief minister at Hyderabad on 18 November 2014. The outcome was “disappointing” and his “promise of transforming farmers into industrialists did not go down well” (Times of India 2014b). A farmer from Krishnayapalem recalled with shock and dismay that the chief minister’s attitude was highly authoritarian.”38 More reports are available on media - Chandrababu Naidu reportedly said, “Prepare a comprehensive action plan with measures which are to be initiated legally against the people working against the capital city. We shall not spare such forces.”39 This statement has come out followingthe Chief Minister’s recent remarks about him “not hesitating” to ignore villagers and farmers of Andhra Pradesh, their connectivity to roads and non-availability of pensions, if they do not vote for his (TDP) party. 38 EPW (2016): A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation: Making of Amaravati, Economic and Political Weekly, April 23 39 http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ap- cm-threatens-action-against-those-complaining-about- amaravati-project-alleges-conspiracy A scan of the news report published in the Times of India dated July 3, 2017.
  • 16. 17 Complaint registered with the Inspection Panel – Quick Look: 2017 I n May 2017, few landowners and farmers registered a complaint with the Inspection Panel with a request for Inspection, as a result of the Bank’s non-compliance with its environmental and social policies in preparation of the proposed project. The Panel registered the request on June 12, 2017, and received the Management Response to the request on July 21, 2017. A Panel team visited India from September 12-15, 2017, and met with the requesters and other potentially affected community members, farmers who support the LPS and their representatives, representatives of the World Bank Country Office, officials from the Ministry of Finance and from the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, the agency responsible for developing the city, as well as civil society representatives. On September 27, 2017, the Panel submitted its Report and Recommendation to the World Bank Board of Executive Directors that recommended “carrying out an investigation into the alleged issues of harm and related potential non- compliance with Bank policies, especially relating to involuntary resettlement.” On November 27, 2017, Bank management submitted to the Panel an addendum that offered clarifications, an update on project preparation and additional actions to “complement and clarify” the actions presented in its July 21, 2017, response in order to fully address the Requesters’ concerns. Management indicated the addendum was based on recent field missions and discussions with the Panel. After reviewing the addendum, the Panel submitted an updated Report and Recommendation to the Board. Based on the addendum and the proposed actions, the Panel deferred its recommendation for up to six months as to whether an investigation is warranted. The Board on December 12, 2017, approved the Panel decision to defer its recommendation and to report back to the Board in the next six months.40 Since then, the Panel is yet to publish its recommendations, even after more than a year now. 40 http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/ ViewCase.aspx?CaseId=126 Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Chairman of World Bank’s Inspection Panel, Jan Mattsson, Member of the Panel, Dilek Barlas, Executive Secretary, and Birgit Kuba, Operations Officer listening to the grievances of the affected communities at the Amaravati. Photo: The Hans India
  • 17. 18 Memorandum submitted to The Inspection Panel during their visit in September 2017 Demands from Affected Communities and Peoples’ Groups against the Impositions of the Bank W e reiterate and exact appropriate responses and actions from the Bank in lieu of the following precise abysmal risks glaring back at us and all the fraternal groups in solidarity with deep concern for our land, livelihoods and survival. 1. We strongly hold the World Bank and AIIB accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project with its flawed project design, based on its own environmental and social safeguards. 2. Despite repeated communication, appeals, court stay order and pending cases at the NGT, the GoAP has already proceeded with construction activities and laying out infrastructure in an accelerated mechanism, involving sub-projects and components, which highly falls in the purview of the Bank’s scope - its Urban Pro-Poor Infrastructure goal for the project. This is a very disturbing trend of the Bank for proceeding with support for the government without paying heed to the resistances of the project affected communities and circumventing the prevailing legal orders against the project. Also, as understood from the Bank’s own statement, it has executed a trust fund of $ 0.17 million for financing the preparatory works of project. 3. We do not hesitate to direct our charges against the World Bank and AIIB on lending to the catastrophic project where we are witnessing now the forced Land Pooling Scheme to amass vast parcels of land for development across one of the richest fertile food belts of India. 4. We demand that the Bank revoke its support from the project, which would surely pave the way for the disruption of the natural state of a sensitive ecosystem including remodelling reserve forests by felling trees and building bio/industrial/techno/sports parks, along with your negligence towards our foresight of frequent floods triggered to an acute degree. 5. Displacement and ‘resettling’ of around 20,000 families in the guise of returning ‘developed’ residential and commercial lands in the absence of a guarantee and struggling in the tentacle grip of realtors, middlemen, goondas of real estate sector are serious concerns raised. The Bank presenting multiple plans on involuntary resettlement against these issues without public consultations or consent is vehemently questionable. 6. We have mentioned that the creation of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) was against the Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 along with the tweaked amendments. We are aware Left: A photo from November 2014 of the fertile fields of Uddandarayunipalem. Right: Buildings have now come up on plots given up for the Land Pooling Scheme, while farming in these fields has stopped. Photos: Rahul Maganti/PARI
  • 18. 19 that, as and when project components materialise, existing laws are amended at the State, or there is a complete irreverence to the nation-specific policies. We fiercely question this disregard for the Bank for our policies and laws, which were strenuously formulated by our national leaders during our times of national and regional struggles. 7. The lack of a Resettlement Policy Plan and the inadequate addressing of the Bank against the uprooting of Dalit families from 600-year-old occupied islands and not assigning them return lands will lead directly to the creation of a wide marginalised community of informal sector on the outskirts of the capital city with no regard to their dignity, efforts and labour. 8. We want to draw the attention of the Bank to the contemptuous promises made by the Government to upgrade skills of project affected people of which farmers are majority, by wrenching their agricultural lands from them and introducing new ‘industrial and technological’ skills. The statistics of increase in land value, population and employment rates are highly speculated, and studies based on other references on recent capital cities of India affirm our case. We are resolute when we ask the Bank to reconsider stop investing in this project based on highly inflated statistics that are borrowed from the development models of foreign countries (Japan, Singapore). 9. We do not wish to sell our land to foreign players with diversified investments, MoUs and interests, in the name of ‘development’. Our State Government, who should have been supporting the citizens who elected them, refrain from giving attention to our calls. We assert that we will continue exhorting the Bank for proceeding with this ill-conceived project, against the greater interests of the people in Amaravati. Meanwhile, Social Activist Medha Patkar, Former Power Secretary Dr. EAS Sarma, Goldman Prize awardee Prafulla Samanthra, Retired Scientist from Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Dr. Babu Rao, and 42 other representatives of various people’s movements, civil society organisations, and concerned citizens wrote to the Executive Directors of the World Bank Group to draw urgent attention to various irregularities surrounding the proposed capital city construction. They strongly expressed that the suggestions of the Panel’s report for a full investigationintotheviolationsoftheBank’soperating policies must be followed by the Board and that the Board should not undermine the mandate of its own accountability mechanism. They further expressed their astonishment of the Bank’s silence on Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu’s instruction to the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to firmly deal with the people who filed complaints with the World Bank. The signatories of the letter held the World Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a co- financier of the project, accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project and demanded that the concerns of the project affected communities be considered; faulty ‘voluntary’ Land Pooling Scheme be withdrawn; Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) be abolished.41 41 http://www.cenfa.org/press-releases/csos- approach-wb-on-amaravati-capital-city-project/
  • 19. 20 Updates from the Ground as shared by Capital Region Farmers Federation 2018-2019 1. A new document has been released for the Amaravati project with a new title, Amaravati Sustainable Infrastructure and Institutional Development Project (ASIIDP,) without a change in project number: http://tiny.cc/xkjf6y 2. In this document, unfortunately, zilch progress is seen from the Bank towards addressing BP/OP 4.12 except recycling old arguments that are totally baseless. The World Bank and Inspection Panel has not yet shared the World Bank’s independent assessment on the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS), conducted by Geoffrey Payne in early 2018. So far, documents regarding this are not seen anywhere, but communities remain confident that most of these assessments are biased/arbitrary and some are deceptive. There is a new line of information in this updated PID/ISDS – “The proposed World Bank loan of $300 million will focus on three strategic areas: (i) providing quality infrastructure to ensure that global knowledge is built into technical designs of major infrastructure investments; (ii) supporting the set- up of an institutional structure that can lead to the establishment of an empowered and effective local government; and, (iii) supporting an inclusive benefit sharing system for all residents of the region.” It is also clearly detailed that ASIIDP comprises of five components including who brings how much to meet this total investment need of US$ 715 million apart from World Bank, AIIB, GoAP. It means, scope of the project (in terms of interventions) has been massively expanded to ruin the lives of 140,000 people. 3. Itwasstatedthatthereareindependentassessments, without providing any details. Further, it was stated that the Bank has confirmed completion of appraisal vide their letter dated 07 January 2019 addressed to the Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh State. Citizens ask - Without checking the authenticity of the assessment documents and information presented in those documents that supports this loan/PID, as well as without proper public consultations, how come World Bank appraise those documents? On one hand Project Affected People have been constantly informed that the project is in the initial stages of preparation, but how could Bank Management complete project appraisal without sharing final assessment reports? As the Bank Management has now given their appraisal for the project by jointly collaborating with GoAP, it is necessary to ascertain the correctness of those documents and assessment reports. Farmers relentlessly claim that a number of statements made in those reports are contradictory and warrants an investigation. And this has to be verified on ground by A sign in Undavalli argues against the land pooling process. All farmers there have multi-crop, arable land. Photo: Mridula Chari/Scroll
  • 20. 21 the Inspection Panel through site visits. Evidences are ready to be produced to the Panel, where GoAP/World Bank/ASIIDP violated a number of Acts/rules/laws/ policies including directives from National Green Tribunal (NGT). While many cases are pending in the State’s High Court and Supreme Court of India, how could World Bank management consider appraisal of the project when an investigation is necessary at this point? 4. Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 of World Bank is triggered, as ASIIDP project is using flood plains for infrastructure, especially for road infrastructure? Inspection Panel witnessed this on the ground during their previous visit to the site. In some sections, they are draining the water continuously to build road infrastructure - https://youtu.be/elKTaNdOPfc. 5. Similarly, Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 – groups have provided a lot of information in their communications previously, but this updated PID/ ISDS blatantly refuses to acknowledge such groups exist. The Capital Region Farmers Federation [CRFF] and People’s Watch of Andhra Pradesh [PWAP] have submitted a number of comments/suggestions/ concerns with regard to Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF); Draft Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); Social Impact Assessment- Resettlement Action Plan for 10 sub-arterial Roads; Social Impact Assessment – Resettlement Action Plan for Flood Management Works; and Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EAEMP) for 10 sub-arterial roads proposed under ASCCDP (now ASIIP). These submissions were from individuals and groups/sections of the people who were impacted by ASIIP/ASCCDP. But so far there were no responses received. In many instances, Inspection Panel was copied of these correspondences. 6. The Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) totally failed to address the concerns that were raised in various forums from the beginning of ASIIP/ ASCCDP project. Groups see that none of these concerns and suggestions were taken into account. During farmers’ last meeting with the World Bank personnel and APCRDA on 23 October in Vijayawada (at Vasavya Mahila Mandal premises, which is GRM here), they were quite reluctant to consider any of these concerns, and suggestions. 7. Further, updated PID/ISDS of ASIIDP project, #13 in Page 8 says, it will support the Government of India’s vision of empowering city governance structure in the long term, through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) of 1992, which positioned urban local governments to become key institutions of political representation and service delivery. ASIIDP completely violates the 74th CAA and in fact destroyed 29 local bodies of Andhra Pradesh and their representation in the project. 8. As part of LPS, returnable plots have been allocated but development around those is “zero”. No beneficiary till date has taken physical position of their returnable plots. There is no choice to 2nd party (farmer) as Government (1st party) always dictates the terms. The 2nd party is unable to approach court or for other legal assistance. Unfortunately, this is the reality of LPS in Amaravati. This clearly shows, there is no clarity on the returnable plots, and its dimensions till date. How could farmer surrender their rights for something that does not exist on ground, even after 4 years of the capital city project? 9. In the addendum to World Bank’s Management response issued on 27 November 2017 (http://tiny.cc/ h2jf6y), Page 2, point #4, (a) Community engagement and monitoring to address potential coercion and other implementation issues, there are a number of gaps. The following are being completely overlooked. i. Citizens Advisory Committee: PWAP and PAP/PAFs are constantly requesting for their representation in this committee. But so far, no action has been taken. Instead APCRDA has filled this committee with members who are some way related with current ruling party (TDP) of Andhra Pradesh Government. This committee has failed to meet its objectives listed in their Terms of Reference. What can World Bank, IFIs, PAP/PAF, and a common man expects from this Citizens Advisory Committee? ii. Engage a local independent party to obtain additional information on any potential coercion/ Engage independent local professionals to visit affected villages to monitor concerns and feedback: How can Vasavya Mahila Mandal (VMM), the GRM, be engaged t for these two purposes? Could a single NGO be likely to be expected to perform these two tasks? VMM has totally failed to engage vulnerable groups to restore livelihoods of those impacted by ASCCDP. Many incidents of coercion have been reported since January 2018. There are several
  • 21. 22 atrocities that were committed by the GoAP and its police force. One such gory incident on Nandigam Suresh could be seen in this video with his own explanation https://youtu.be/OdIdrrVUtbw. PWAP and PAP/PAFs see this as a complete compromise of ethicsandmoralsofVMMwhohassurrendereditself to APCRDA/GoAP. They have lost their credibility and trust to continue in ASCCDP any longer. A detailed investigation on the functioning of these Institutions and Committees is essential. How could one expect these institutions provide basic justice to the people who are affected by Amaravati capital city project, more specifically ASCCDP? There is an uprise of farmers who has given their lands under LPS, but it is constantly being suppressed by GoAP using its intelligence units. Farmers ask what specific actions have been taken by the World Bank management to protect the interest of affected people and communities. A latest incident was on 13 September 2018, wherein a main water pipeline for irrigation of agricultural lands was broken down on purpose at Road E16 near Nidamarru village. The video is available at https:// youtu.be/E1cYZgPQ6gE. iii. Support creation of a Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM): PWAP informed several times through a number of communications, GRM has totally failed to address the needs on ground and is a complete failure. It was quite rosy on paper, but absent in action. iv. Increase the frequency of preparation missions and do outreach with stakeholders to solicit feedback on issues: These missions lack complete action. People do not see any productivity from these missions of the World Bank Management in Delhi. Instead of reducing inequalities and poverty, such missions from the World Bank are widening the inequalities and increasing the poverty. World Bank is completely ignoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where we as humanity as abided to these principles, groups question. 10. Failure of livelihood support programmes and assurances made under LPS: Apart from these, under LPS, APCRDA assured the following for landless agricultural laborers and households in the Capital City area are eligible to receive a combination of livelihood restoration benefits. Almost all landless families have challenges in accessing these benefits, and their current situation is worse than pre-Capital City status. Both APCRDA and the World Bank failed to assess the livelihood restoration for landless agricultural labourers, this video https://youtu.be/0E4HM9zAKHk further corroborates with this observation. Following is a detailed status of these till date. (i) A pension of INR 2,500 is being given to landless labourers. But this is being distributed once every 2 to 3 months. Also, the amount is not sufficient as the costs per family increased to INR 12,000 per month after the announcement of the Capital. There is no assurance that, it would continue after the State elections in 2019. (ii) Employment guarantee • Employment was guaranteed for one person per family in the capital region. This is irrespective of LPS farmers, non-LPS farmers, landless labors, and Dalits. But this has not been realized till date. • Government assured daily employment and fixed wage through the establishment of nurseries, but these are not functioning anymore, except the one at Venkatapalem. PWAP would like to question, how many people will be provided with an employment by each nursery. (iii) Interest free loan of up to 25 lakhs to all the poor families for self-employment not at all implemented. There is no facility to access interest-free loans for setting up enterprises till date. (iv) Access to skill upgrading and training opportunities:Skilldevelopmentsessionswereaneye wash program and it failed miserably to generate the wage employment as promised. Although data was presented on APCRDA website, self-employment cannot be considered as an “employment” as there is no constant assured revenue per month. In the self-employment, risks are high. Further, there is a question around, how this could be linked with Skill Development? In any case, APCRDA website shows, about 1,425 have been employed till date including self-employment. This needs a serious investigation. (v) Provision of subsidized food in all the 29 villages: Only 3 canteens have been established (except the one temporary secretariat, IGC in Velagapudi) and they are not serving 100% of poor and pending to establish such canteens at the rest of capital villages. (vi) Free access to medical and educational benefits in designated facilities: The assurance on “Fee