Presented at the World Conference on Youth 2014 held in Sri Lanka by Karin Fernando from CEPA.

1. Climate Change and theClimate Change, and the
Post 2015 Development Agenda
Karin Fernando
World Youth Conference, CANSA side event, May 9, 2014

2. Focus of the PresentationFocus of the Presentation
• Impacts of Climate Change in South Asia from a
i i tisocio-economic perspective
• The post 2015 development agenda (MDGs/SDGs)
and climate change

3. Climate Change in South Asia
Socio-economic ImpactsSocio-economic Impacts
Poverty
o SA is home to 42% of the worlds poor –including highp g g
percentages of youth and children
o Economic growth is rising (avg is 6%/yr), so is inequality –
(avg earnings of richest 10% 8X that of poorest 10%)(a g ea gs o c es 0% 8 a o poo es 0%)
o Poor most reliant on “climate risky” livelihoods and live in
degraded environments
Agriculture
o Employs > 50% of people in SA , it is 20% of the region’s
GDP and mainly smallholder farmers
o CC affects availability of food – thus food security of
millions and will increase malnutrition in a region where
proportion of undernourished (250 million children) is well
above the global average

4. Climate Change in South Asia contd
WaterWater
o Water availability is reducing (Annual Avg/capita water
availability in SA < 2,500 m3/ world avg is about 7,000 m3)
th 90% f f h t i f i lto > than 90% of freshwater use is for agriculture
o 938 million people live without good sanitation facilities
Energygy
o 493 million people do not have access to electricity
o Demand for energy for economic growth is rising by about
7% and availability and affordability can be a burden on the7%, and availability and affordability can be a burden on the
fiscal status and affect growth prospects.
Health
Di l d d li i i ill ill ff ho Disaster related and climate sensitive illnesses will affect the
lives of millions and affect health expenditure as well as
recovery costs.

5. The SDGs – Focus Areas
Guiding Principles
• Based on Agenda 21/
Johannesburg Plan
1. Poverty eradication
2. Food Security and
Nutrition
12. Promoting equality
13. Sustainable cities and
human settlementsg
and Rio Principles.
• Be consistent with
international law.
• Build upon
Nutrition
3. Health and
population dynamics
4. Education
human settlements
14. Sustainable
consumption and
production
• Build upon
commitments already
made.
• Contribute to
5. Gender equality and
women’s
empowerment
6 Water and Sanitation
15. Climate
16. Marine resources
oceans and seas
17 Ecosystems and
implementation of all
major summits
• Address and
incorporate all three
6. Water and Sanitation
7. Energy
8. Economic Growth
9. Industrialisation
17. Ecosystems and
biodiversity
18. Means of
implementation
incorporate all three
dimensions of
sustainable
development and their
9. Industrialisation
10. Infrastructure
11. Employment and
Decent Work for all
19. Peaceful and non-
violent societies
capable institutions
inter-linkages.
• Aligned to the MDGs
Source: www. sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html

6. The Proposed SDGS and links to CC
Breaking Down Some of the Focus AreasBreaking Down Some of the Focus Areas
• Focus area 1: Poverty – overriding priority
• Addressing absolute and relative poverty and inequalitiesg p y q
• access to property and productive assets, finance and markets
for all women and men;
• providing social protection to the poor (to identified groupsproviding social protection to the poor (to identified groups
children, youth, elders, unemployed, disabled etc).
• Focus area 2. Food security and nutritiony
• year-round access to affordable, adequate, safe, nutritious food
• improved access to credit/ financial services, land tenure, and
agricultural extension services for allagricultural extension services, for all
• Boosting productivity but also sustainable farming practices
• Research and access to modern technology
E i l li h ll i h i l• Environmental concerns – climate change, pollution, chemicals;
• Creating non-farm rural employment opportunities

7. F 6 W t d it ti
The Proposed SDGs contd.
• Focus area 6. Water and sanitation
o Water security - to be considered holistically (water cycle)
o Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation for allg g
HHs, schools, health facilities, workplaces and refugee camps.
o Adequate facilities and infrastructure, both built/natural, for
drinking water and sanitationg
o improving water-use efficiency, including more wastewater
treatment, recycling and reuse;
o effective water governanceo effective water governance
o protecting and restoring water-linked ecosystems like
mountains, watersheds and wetlands;
o bringing fresh water use in line with supply;o bringing fresh water use in line with supply;
o investing in water harvesting technologies;
o Eliminating pollution of water bodies, and protecting aquifers;
o Reducing risks and impacts of water-related disasters.

8. • Focus area 7 Energy (engine of growth/ development)
The Proposed SDGs contd.
Focus area 7. Energy (engine of growth/ development)
o Ensuring affordable, modern, reliable energy for all
o Deployment of cleaner, low/zero-emission energy technologies;
I i h h f bl i h l b lo Increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy
mix - including policy, space, incentives for renewable energy;
o improving energy efficiency (i.e industry, agriculture, transport)
o Phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies
o Mobilizing finance to invest in modern energy infrastructure;
o Sharing knowledge, promoting partnerships, building capacityg g , p g p p , g p y
and transferring modern energy technologies.

9. The Proposed SDGs contd.
• Focal Areas 8, 9, 10 - Economic growth, Industrialization,g
Infrastructure
o Trade facilitation, preferential market access for LDCs
o International technology cooperation technology transfero International technology cooperation, technology transfer,
upgrading, value addition;
o Improvements to energy and resource productivity,
management of environmental processes and resource usemanagement of environmental processes and resource use
o Creating productive, well-paid jobs.
o Adequate and reliable infrastructure for water, sanitation,
energy transport and communicationsenergy, transport and communications
o Improving agriculture infrastructure
• Focus area 14. Sustainable Consumption and Production
o Fundamental changes in the way economies and societies
produce and consume are indispensable for achieving global
sustainable development.

10. • Focus area 15 Climate
The Proposed SDGs contd.
Focus area 15. Climate
o Reaffirming/reinforcing international commitments (i.e.
temp/GGE)
o Building resilience and adaptive capacity in developingo Building resilience and adaptive capacity in developing
countries;
o introducing inter alia economic incentives for investments in
low carbon solutions/climate resilient solutionslow-carbon solutions/climate-resilient solutions.
o“…Regard must be paid to the principles of the
UNFCCC, including that of common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities, and to
supporting and urging greater ambition in the
ongoing negotiations towards a strong and effectiveongoing negotiations towards a strong and effective
agreement in 2015”.

11. Implementation mechanisms
• Technology innovation and transfer seen as
the main tool for changeg
• Financing from both ODA and DDA
• Commitment from govts and other stakeholders
• Public Private Partnerships
• Greater role by private sector – especially through
business practicesbusiness practices
• Infrastructure development also seen as
necessarynecessary

12. Advantages of MDGs/SDGs to Climate Change
• Integrates environment/CC into human development
frame
o Definite step up from existing MDGs and shows cross linkso Definite step up from existing MDGs, and shows cross links
and raises attention to climate related human vulnerabilities
o Widespread discussions offer greater opportunities to lobby
o Raises the issue from an achieving poverty perspective thato Raises the issue from an achieving poverty perspective – that
may increase lobby/traction to complement UNFCCC
o Can lead to ODA/Partnerships that can address CC
• CC directly linked to the Sustainable Energy Goal and
others from an emissions/efficiency perspectives
o Also links to economic processes (waste management,
pollution control)
• Universal goals but likely that countries can set own
targets

13. Some Issues/Gaps
M i /d i f CC i f UNFCCC• Main onus/drive for CC is from UNFCCC
o A separate goal for Climate change – will it happen? Is it
necessary? Or if it is well integrated will that be better?y g
At present it is not adequate (i.e health)
Changes are within the current growth model – is this
transformative enough?transformative enough?
o i.e does not address natural limits explicitly
• Adaptation and DRM not adequately elaborated on• Adaptation and DRM not adequately elaborated on
• A stronger rights based approach is felt necessary to
address inequalityaddress inequality
• Success reliant on issue such as good governance,
peace and mutually beneficial partnershipsp y p p
• Final goals/indicators dependent on government
negotiations/buy in/power plays

14. Reference for Statistics used:
(as sourced in) Gunasekera, V. 2013. Life on the Margins: Putting Inequality at the Heart
f th P t 2015 D l t A d E i R i (A /N ) S i l iof the Post-2015 Development Agenda, Economic Review (Aug/Nov), , Special issue,
People’s bank
(as sourced in) Scott, A. 2013. Why South Asia Needs To Have Climate Change in the
Post-2015 Development Agenda, Economic Review (Aug/Nov), 2013, Special issue,
People’s bank
IEA, 2011. World Energy Outlook, 2011
WHO, n/d. Drinking water and sanitation coverageWHO, n/d. Drinking water and sanitation coverage
World Bank, 2014. Regional Brief
For further information contact: Karin Fernando (karin@cepa.lk)

15. Thank youThank you