Afghanistan Essay

Afghanistan Research Paper
Introduction The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a country of rugged terrain and unforgiving
climate. Afghanistan sits at the focal point of historical trade routes as well as a major invasion
route into central Asia. This brief overview will give some insight to unit commanders to use in their
decision making process while planning unified land operations in the area.
Terrain
The country of Afghanistan is entirely landlocked, "Shaped like an irregular leaf with the Wakhan
Corridor as its stem, the country is about 647,500 sq km (250,000 sq mi), or about the size of Texas.
Extending approximately 1,240 km (770 mi) from west to east, and 1,000 km (630 mi) from north to
south", much of the country is scarcely populated. The largest mountain system is the Hindu Kush.
This mountain range runs through the middle of the country dominating about half of the country.
"The country can be divided into three distinct geographic regions: the Central Highlands, the
Southern Plateau, and the Northern Plains." The Central Highlands include the Hindu Kush
Mountain system. This being the roughest terrain to ground forces will encounter the mountain
range holds two strategic logistic routes, the Shebar pass and the Khyber pass. The southern plateau
is what one would consider a wasteland. With rocky...show more content...
Heavy snow dominates the higher elevations with temperatures in the mountain regions dropping
down to –51 degrees Fahrenheit. The summers are typically hot and dry in the southwest
temperatures and rise up to 124 degrees Fahrenheit. The effects on troops would be high elevations
will hinder forced marches through rough terrain. Heavy snowfall would not only effect land based
operations but would severely constrict if not totally shut down air operations. Unit commanders
would need to take these conditions careful consideration since in some areas aircraft are the only
mode of
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Afghanistan Essay
Afghanistan is a developing country; the country has faced a lot of troubles and difficulties soon
after its independence. They had faced difficulties in the development of constitutions and
regulations. The selection of leader was an issue; the major task was to prepare military for the
defence and protection of the state. In order to resolve all these issues, finance was the significant
need.
Despite several problems, the country is upgrading slowly and gradually. Numerous countries
supported Afghanistan in terms of finance and monetary forms, but the support provided by
International Monetary Fund is significant. International Monetary Fund along with World Bank is
serving Afghanistan since its partition and they both have lent a huge sum of finance to the
government so that they can continue with the progress and prosperity of the state.
Considering the financial figures than according to the figures taken out by the Development
Assistance Committee of OECD, an approximate of twenty billion dollars was endowed to the state
in between 1960 till 2002. This is such a huge amount that assisted Afghanistan to rehabilitate its
industries, factories and businesses.
The above amount was actually derived from the three major international financial academies. They
are International Monetary Funds, Asian Development Banks and World Banks.
The topic effect of war and peace on the foreign aid and will include foreign aid provided to
Afghanistan along with the uses of foreign aid

The War in Afghanistan Essay
The War in Afghanistan
In response to the September 11 attacks, the United States should declare war on the responsible
group. As a nation, we should do only the actions that bring about the best consequences, and the
best consequences would occur by bringing the responsible group to justice. In this case, killing the
Taliban and its supporters is the right action because it produces the greatest amount of good. The
theory that we should only do the actions that bring about the best consequences is a consequentialist
theory. Consequentialism is correct because if the action taken creates the most possible good, then
that action must be the right action. Consequentialism leads to the right action because the right
action is the...show more content...
After these targets are destroyed, we should use ground troops and aircraft to search for and destroy
the enemy and its resources. These resources include: factories that produce bombs, guns, etc.;
command centers; and all wartime equipment.
In a war, innocent people will die. It cannot be helped. Although bombing runs may kill innocent
civilians, they must be done. For example, a school with 50 children in it is located next to a
Taliban bomb factory. The U.S. should blow up the bomb factory even if it means that the 50
children will die. This is because the bombs that are produced in the factory can be used to kill
many more than 50 people. These deaths are justified because a greater good will come from the
destruction of the factory. Until it is feasible for a war to be fought where no innocent people will
die, these civilian deaths are justified because a greater good will come from the destruction of a
threat to a greater number of people.
So far, the Taliban has reported that 1,500 people have been killed on the U.S. bombing raids.
(Washington Post) Even though these numbers are suspected to be exaggerated, these deaths are
justified because the Taliban has the potential to kill many more than 1,500 people. TheSeptember 11
attacks prove that. Also the Taliban is partly to blame for the high number of civilian deaths because
they have

Soviet-Afghan War Essay
When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on December 1979, the goal was to help Afghan
communist forces set up a communist government. The Soviet Union felt Afghanistan had key
resources and a foothold in the Middle East to spread communist ideas. The result would be a war
that the Soviet Union wishes it never got involved in and likened to their "Vietnam War", meaning
winning a number of battles but not the war like what happened to the U.S. in Vietnam. The
background of the war, outcome of the war, and impact on theUnited States are key to understanding
the Soviet–Afghan War. The war began on December 27, 1979 when Soviet paratroopers invaded
Kabul, Afghanistan. The Soviet troops made assaults on key positions like military and...show more
content...
The Mujahideen would prove to be too powerful of a foe for the Afghan army to control so the
Soviets took charge. More than 100,000 Soviet troops would control major cities and towns, making
the Mujahideen move to the Afghanistan mountains and countryside. Most of the battles would
occur in the mountains with the Soviet army with helicopter support trying to lure the Mujahideen
out of the mountains. The mountains and countryside would provide the Mujahideen with the
ultimate hiding spots and able to use guerilla tactics. The Soviets would bomb civilian locations near
the mountains and countryside to cutoff support to the Mujahedeen but this failed with civilians
fleeing from Afghanistan to nearby countries like Pakistan and Iran. The Soviet army was no match
for the climate in Afghanistan and the religious determination of the Mujahideen. The Mujahideen
was able to gain the upperhand when shoulder–fired antiaircraft missiles were supplied to them by
United States through Pakistan and other equipment by Muslim supporting groups. The Mujahideen
was not organized into one big fighting force but comprised of different sects fighting to dispel
Soviet forces. With now acquiring weapons from outside sources and being joined by Muslim
volunteers from all over the world, the Mujahideen were able to defeat the mighty Soviet Union. The
outcome of the Soviet–Afghan War was the Soviet Union failing

Afghanistan Research Paper
Introduction Afghanistan's history, as a formally recognized nation, can only be traced back to 1919
after the end of the Third Anglo–Afghan War with the British, but the land has been settled for more
than fifty thousand years (Saboory & Yassari, 2010). This extensive amount of time, coupled with
the fact that the area was once crossed by one of the major trade routes in Southeast Asia has created
an extensive and diverse cultural background. Art, music, cultural traditions, religion, and political
transformation have all occurred in this historic land.
Ancient History The area that is known now as Afghanistan has been occupied by humanity for
thousands of years, marking it out as one of the earliest settled lands. Due to its location almost
directly in the center of southern Asia, Afghanistan has been a heavily trafficked area for millennia
and has seen numerous cultures pass its borders throughout the years (Habibi, n.d.). This constant
traffic through the region created a cultural diversity that was rarely seen in the ancient world, and
still exists to some extent today. The network of trade routes that crisscrossed Afghanistan, dubbed
the Silk Road, was a major part of the economies of Asia and the Middle Eastern lands at the time. It
was only natural that settlements in Afghanistan began to spring...show more content...
Some of the earliest work that can still be found is of Greco–Buddhist origin as that was an
extremely pervasive culture during Afghanistan's past. The great Buddha's of Bamiyan which stood
up to 50 feet tall and tragically destroyed by the Taliban in 2001, were excellent examples (Levy,
2001). Other art from that era demonstrated the marriage of the Greek pantheon and the teachings of
Buddhism as single pieces of artwork. Other statues, coins, and paintings have been uncovered
depicting this somewhat unusual combination of belief

Essay On Imperialism In Afghanistan
Afghanistan is the largest, though arguably the poorest, state in Central Asia, and while it does not
provide much interest to the global markets, it has long been of strategic interest to foreign powers.
Indeed, Afghanistan has been invaded repeatedly for the past 2,000 years by forces commanded by
Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan as well as contemporary armies like the British, Soviet, and
American forces. Throughout this period, Afghanistan has remained somewhat unconquerable,
suffering heavy losses but ultimately sending invaders packing. The following essay compares and
contrasts the Anglo–Afghan Wars, the Soviet–Afghan Wars, and the American war in Afghanistan to
understand that what unites these conflicts is not necessarily imperialism or their failure but their
approach to conquering a land that has resisted occupiers throughout time.
The Anglo–Afghan Wars In 1839, the British began a short–lived and...show more content...
The Soviet occupiers were quick to crush any rebellion, and four deserters from the Soviet army
later reported that they had witnessed soldiers who would kill everyone they see and told of orders
to level villages to prevent rebels from taking cover or developing a stronghold (Sciolino, 1984).
However, support from the United States and the CIA intelligence service provided support to
several rebel groups, which presented a greater challenge to Soviet occupiers (Prados, 2001). The
conflict lasted nine years. Civilians suffered the greatest casualties: an estimated one million were
killed. The Mujahideen rebels lost 90,000 fighters and the Soviet army lost 14,500 soldiers (Taylor,
2014). The Soviet–Afghan war was much longer and bloodier than the British invasion of the 19th
century. Soviet withdrawal was also followed by a long civil war, and theTaliban emerged from the
chaos in 1996 (Taylor, 2014).
American Action in

Taliban in Afghanistan Essay
1)Afghanistan was once a place of relative peace. A place where one could do as they please and
have the freedoms to be who they wanted to be. But a few years would change that all. Everything
that the citizens of Afghanistan knew, their entire way of life would change. The cause? The
Taliban. The Taliban are an extremist Muslim group fromAfghanistan. The Taliban, who call
themselves Jihad or "freedom fighters" are the most brutal extremist Muslims in the world. To
understand the Taliban you must understand how they where able to gain control of Afghanistan
,there rule during the time period they controlled Afghanistan, and how they were overthrown by
opposition groups.
2)During the 1980s Afghanistan was being over run by the Soviet...show more content...
While Afghanistan had always been informally Islam, the Taliban rule was the most extreme Islamic
rule seen any where in the world. The new rules they imposed where a strict interpretation of Sharia
law. Though the Taliban bases for the rules was Sharia many of the laws have no connection to the
Islamic book of rules. Some rules which Afghans were forced to follow or be severely punished
included: No music, television, no pork, pig, pig oil, anything made from human hair, satellite
dishes, cinematography, musical instruments, pool tables, chess, masks, alcohol, tapes, computers,
VCRs, TV, wine, lobster, nail polish. While these rules seem foolish all citizens where expected to
follow each one or face punishment (Rashid). A young girl caught wearing nail polish punishment
was cutting off all ten finger tips (Stewart 37). This is relatively light punishment in comparison to
many of the Taliban's extreme punishments. During soccer games half time shows they would
punish what they considered serious offenders. They would take a women, one usually caught
without a male companion, bury her to where you could only see her head and stone her until her
brain swelled so much that it killed her. A slow painful death the Taliban said she deserved. This
occurrence became common throughout Afghanistan during the Taliban rule. While almost every
other recreational activity was banned during this period, including even kite flying, going to see

The War in Afghanistan Essay
The War in Afghanistan has been an all consuming conflict for the US government since we
started to launch air strikes on October 7, 2001. This is a conflict that's been brewing since before
the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. This war has the continuation of past conflicts in it,
conflicts that can be connected a good deal to the interference of other large powers, such as the
USSR. From keeping an eye on the oil reserves, pressuring Iran, and keeping Pakistan stable, our
interests and motives for occupying Afghanistan are undeniably laced with many ulterior motives,
providing us with the issue of unfavorable opinion and our interests being the source of terrorist
attacks. Afghanistan is a country that has been plagued with...show more content...
He became the leader of the organization the Taliban. The Taliban was rooted in a strict version of
Islamic Law that basically made the guidelines for being what the Taliban interpreted as a "good
Muslim" enforced by the law. Things that were options, such as men growing beards and attending
religious services regularly and women not working outside of the home were responsibilities the
new regime endowed on the people. In the Taliban's quest to impose Islamic law, they attracted
Osama Bin Laden and Al–Qaida to the cause.
The Taliban began to take down the local warlords and feudal system and began to make a name for
themselves in the region. This brought the support of neighboring Pakistan, with the ulterior motive
of attempting to establish a friendly, stable government in Kabul. The fighting caused a sudden
influx of refugees to Pakistan's border regions, which interfered with Pakistan's trade. The Taliban
eventually gained control of Kandahar, where they acquired their new weapons, and Kabul, the
capital of Afghanistan. Despite the Taliban's successes, they had opposition from warlords in the
north such as Massoud. Massoud originally had control of Kabul but lost this when the Taliban
invaded, pushing him north. Once he was forced to flee, he began to receive outside support from
countries such as Russia and Iran. They both feared the growth of the Taliban, and Russia had
reason to believe the Taliban was

Afghanistan Argumentative Essay
The United States didn't think there was anything imperative about Afghanistan as a country, but
their location was perfect and had great surrounding areas. Afghanistan was a significant setting
simply because of the ports and sea lines that were along the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf but
other than that there wasn't much importance. The United States still ended up playing a role in the
Afghan–Soviet war. They ended up being an aid for the rebels of Afghanistan. This specific group of
people, also known as the Mujahideen, were mountain tribesmen that were led by their Islamic
leaders. At the current time, the United States' initial strategy was "to prevent excessive Soviet
influence" (Galster). The United States was worried that Soviet

The Withdrawal Of Troops From Afghanistan
Prompt: Assume the US completes its withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan by 2018.
Identifying both stabilizing and destabilizing factors, what will this region look like in 5–7 years
after the withdrawal?
Introduction–Identify
The war on terror has affected every American's life, one way or another. Everyday lives were
changed due to the enduring tensions between nations; our lives, as Americans, will never be the
same. Changes regarding geopolitical factors in Afghanistan affect the future of, not only, countries
in the Middle East, but also the future of the United States and its allies. By understanding these
factors and their effect on the particular country and countries around it, we will be able to make the
decisions necessary to benefit our nation. Questions arise on the stability of the country without the
United States' influential presence. With increasing distances between the two nations, border and
drug tensions with Afghanistan's neighbors, and natural resources on the line, the complete
withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan has dire results.
Increasing distances and Afghanistan as a buffer state–Analysis First, with the withdrawal of United
States' troops from Afghanistan and the vast distance between the two countries, Washington will
relinquish its immediate influence on the country (Quddus). The United States was hard pressed to
control and influence the events occurring within Afghanistan with troops on the ground. Due to the
long physical distance,

Afghanistan War Essay
In 2001 the Twin Towers were destroyed by two planes and also there were two other planes one
was supposed to hit the White House and the other the Pentagon. This started the war in
Afghanistan. It's been eight years since this incident, and the United States and President Obama
still want to keep this war going. Next year they are going to send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan
and Iraq. There are three reasons why they shouldn't send them: one for their safety; two
Afghanistan should keep their business to themselves; and three it's going to affect the economy
big time. First of all President Obama is going to send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan next year. My
first reason on why he shouldn't is because of their safety, like for example people...show more
content...
See this isn't our problem yet because they are planning but they haven't done it yet. So the United
States military should just get prepared and stop this war. Because is this all necessary to really to
keep this war going, it's been eight years really they should just don't send the troops. Ok also before
the twin towers were destroyed, Afghanistan had more problems with their neighbor they were going
to get in a war and that's when the United States got involved and tried to stop that war from
happening. Like they shouldn't have gotten involved because probably when they destroyed the
Twins Towers was because they were nosy and got involved on what was not any of their business.
So yea they really shouldn't gotten into that problem because now we, the United States, are the ones
who are suffering from all this. Many would argue that the story of how 9/11 came about goes back,
at least, to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, with which it shares a border.
Afghanistan had experienced several problems since 1973, when the Afghanistan monarchy was
overthrown by Daud Khan, who was sympathetic to Soviet overtures. An unsuspected attack
reflected struggles within Afghanistan among factions with different ideas about how Afghanistan
should be governed and whether it should be communist, and with the problems with the Soviet
Union. The Soviets intervened following the overthrow of a pro–communist leader. In late
December 1979, after several months

Tsarism In Afghanistan
The land that comprises today's Afghanistan was the frontier zone of competing empires, namely,
Moghuls and Saffavids from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries. Persia and the subcontinent
enjoyed two centuries of stability and prosperity, but their frontier zone (Afghanistan) was a bone of
contention. With the downfall of the Moghul and Saffavid Empires, Afghanistan became a torn
political entity between Sikh Empire, Persia and the Emirate of Bukhara in the early nineteenth
century. Afghanistan, then became the buffer zone between TsaristRussia and British India with the
fall of the Sikh Empire in 1845. Tsarist Russia constantly intervened in Afghanistan while British
India continually meddled in Afghanistan to keep it under its orbit.

Afghanistan War Research Paper
At the time of my writing, the NATO war in Afghanistan has just become the longest war in U.S.
history, a status it seems likely to retain for some time. It has been, and remains, a very strange
war, all the stranger now that General Stanley McChrystal has been fired as commander of NATO
forces in Afghanistan following the lamest Douglas MacArthur impression on record. He has been
replaced by General David Petraeus, the father and executor of the doctrine that lay behind the
eventual U.S. military success in Iraq, a version of which is now being applied in Afghanistan. The
notion that his appointment will lead to substantial changes in the Afghan mission is hence
overblown, especially as up until a week ago he was the one telling...show more content...
However, much to the surprise of many, theTaliban proved highly resilient. Between 2001 and 2006
they were largely quiescent, nourishing their movement across the border in Pakistan, recruiting,
training, and absorbing an influx of insurgents who fled Iraq after the surge. Then they started
coming back, and in force. They wanted to conquer Afghanistan again, and it was clear that the
nascent Afghan security forces and the European mission in Kabul wasn't up to the task of stopping
them. Nor were the small number of U.S. troops who were still in the country. So, belatedly, the
Bush administration began the task of dispatching more troops, and ISAF extended its mission to
cover the whole country, subsuming the U.S. forces. This was the start of a serious attempt to come
up with a strategy for the future of Afghanistan and to combat the Taliban.
* * *
The exact content of this strategy depended heavily on what the new president did when he
assumed office in 2009. Obama eventually decided to adopt a counterinsurgency strategy similar to
the one carried out in Iraq. Under this strategy, the problem of Afghan internal security would be
Americanized for as long as it took to build up an Afghan government that could function on its
own and defend itself. Meanwhile, a surge of U.S. and other forces would attack the Taliban over a
period of years, and deny them their most prized territory – particularly Kandahar,

Afghanistan Cold War Essay
Like many countries throughout the world, the America's involvement in Afghanistan began during
the Cold War. Communists in 1978 seized power under the People's Democratic Party of
Afghanistan, the PDPA, led by Nur Muhammad Taraki. The PDPA attempted to impose secular
reforms and land redistribution, resulting in serious opposition. This opposition proved particularly
forceful amongst the country's religious leaders, who also represented a new wave Islamic
revivalism within the Muslim world. By 1979 the communists were loosing control and President
Carter authorized funding for covert action in the form of medical aid and propaganda for the
opposition. In response the Soviets stepped up their presence and contributions to the communists
...show more content...
Many of these groups were based on complex ethnic ties and territories throughout Afghanistan,
which repeatedly failed to coalesce under a single national authority. Scholar Kamal Matinuddin
explains that because of the "tribal nature of Afghan society," the country was incapable of
delivering a "charismatic leader who, as an accepted political figure and as the head of a national
army, would command the respect of all anti–communist elements in the Afghanistan." Eventually
these factions reached an agreement under the Peshawar Accord, which established an interim
government, the Islamic State of Afghanistan and included Ahmad Shah Massoud. However, there
was one exception:

Essay on The Economy of Afghanistan
The economy of Afghanistan has significantly enhanced since the decline of the Taliban in 2001 due
to the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector
growth. Regardless of the progress of the past few years, this country is extremely poverty stricken,
highly dependent on foreign aid, and landlocked. A lot of the population continues to suffer from
shortages of jobs, clean water, electricity, medical care, and housing. Offences, insecurity, lack of
infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the
country produces obstacles to the future economic growth of Afghanistan. Afghanistan's living
standards are among the lowest in the world....show more content...
The stunting factor to the growth entrepreneurial of Afghanistan is that there is an inadequacy of
availability to infrastructure and markets.
The unemployment rate is at 35%. To put it in perspective its nearly 5 times higher than the
unemployment rate of America. This country is far away from full employment to say the least. The
misery index adds the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. 35% unemployment plus the 5.3
inflation rate leads to a misery index of 40.3, extremely high. However graphs show a positive trend
when looking at the unemployment rate.
Interests rate also affect the mindsets of home buyers. More specifically they are currently
triggering doubt. Afghanistan's property rights are damaged as it is. There is a weak protection
due to lack of property registries and land tiling database. This leads to disputes over who owns
land. An estimated 80% of land is sold informally.
As stated above Afghanistan ranks 177th in the world for education. This displays the lack of school
funding. With poor education, human capital weakens. Human capital also varies directly with
entrepreneurship, productivity, and employment.
Afghanistan's Rule of Law is damaged to say the least. The government is corrupted from the
president down to lower levels of government. Illegal opium trafficking fuels the economy with
nothing to oppose it. This trafficking is all possible under the weakly

Afghanistan Case Study
The applicant requests an upgrade of his under other than honorable conditions discharge to
honorable. The applicant seeks, relief contending, in effect, that he was a good Solider prior to his
return stateside from his deployment to Afghanistan, he felt as if he does not belong and had no
place to turn. The applicant contends that he began drinking heavily and slipping into depression
from his experiences in Afghanistan and life in general. The applicant further contends that at this
point in time he began to go to behavioral health to seek assistance on how to better himself. After
several months, Doctor O. recommended him for a psychiatric separation from the Army, which
was denied twice by his commander, CPT. C. The applicant also contends that while he was
awaiting for CPT C. decision, he underwent PRK surgery to correct his vision and he was
prescribed oxycodone for pain relief. The applicant contends that he began to develop an addiction as
the drinking and depression began to take its toll on him, being highly discouraged by his leadership
not to return to behavioral health, his appointment became infrequent, and he continued to take
oxycodone. The applicant states that he tested positive during a urinalysis and upon knowing that he
would test positive, he immediately enrolled into ASAP, only to have one meeting because his
command had already "signed off" on his separation packet. The applicant contends that he managed
to beat his addiction, only failing one urinalysis test, and answer for his...show more content...
The applicant also contends that for these reasons he requested for an honorable discharge and he
did serve honorably and had no other disciplinary actions excepts for one mistake that he is

Research Paper On Afghanistan
Location (Afghanistan) I have spent over five years in Afghanistan, and for that reason, I have
chosen Afghanistan as my country of study. Afghanistan is a country that has been ravaged by
invaders and war as far back as the 4th century B.C. by Alexander the Great. Why, some might ask?
It is simple, its geographical location, in which, it could serve as a major logistics hub for most of
Asia.
Where is Afghanistan located? As stated above, Afghanistan is located in Southern Asia. Its
coordinates in latitude and longitude are, 33 00 N by 65 00 E (1).
How far away from home is it? I have made the trip to Afghanistan three times, and it always
seemed so far away; however, according to google maps, it is 6,711 from Seattle, Washington to
Kabul....show more content...
Generally, they have not fled the country regardless of the wars, and have often came together to get
rid of the occupying forces.
Regions
What language(s) do people speak? According to the CIA World Factbook, Afghans speak the
following: Dari, which is the official language, Pashto, and Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and
Turkmen). Additionally, they speak over 30 minor languages (1).
What are the political divisions of the country (states, provinces, republics)? Afghanistan is
comprised of 24 provinces, with Kabul being the capital. They have a political system similar to that
of the United States; however, they still have many laws that are based in Islamic customs.
How is the country similar to any of its neighbors? By and large, Afghanistan's neighbors share a
similar climate and religious background; however, some may say that is the extent of their
similarities and relationships. As stated before, this is due to the geographical location of the country
and importance to establish key logistical routes from the Arabian Sea, India, and other countries to
the Northern parts of

Human Rights in Afghanistan
Human rights in Afghanistan
The situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict. While the
Taliban were well known for numerous human rights abuses, several human rights violations
continue to take place in the post–Taliban government era.[citation needed]
Post Taliban
The Bonn Agreement of 2001 established the Afghan IndependentHuman Rights Commission
(AIHRC) as a national human rights institution to protect and promote human rights and to
investigate human rights abuses and war crimes. The Afghanistan Constitution of 2004 entrenched
the existence of the AIHRC. While the ongoing turmoil, violence and reconstruction efforts often
make it difficult to get an accurate sense of what is going on,...show more content...
In the years prior to the Taliban takeover, characterized by prolonged war and the absence of a
constitution, the extent of religious freedom depended on what faction controlled a particular area.
Once the Taliban assumed power, however, there was no religious freedom at all.
In 1999, the Taliban wrote a new constitution based on their conservative interpretation of Sharia.
Under this constitution, Atheism was punishable by death, as was Apostasy, which was defined to
include conversion to another faith such as Judaism or Christianity.
The Taliban imposed its interpretation of Islamic law, establishing a "Ministry for the Promotion of
Virtue and the Prevention of Vice" for purposes of enforcement. One of the Ministry's duties was to
operate a body of religious police who enforced edicts on dress code, employment, access to medical
care, behavior, religious practice, and expression. Persons found to be in violation of an edict were
often subject to punishment meted out on the spot, which included beatings and detention.
The Taliban persecuted members of other Islamic sects as well as non–Muslims. Traditionally, Sunni
Islam of the Hanafi

Struggles on Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a poor, landlocked country located in Central Asia. The country is quite small, with
barely any water close by. With barely a 5th of the US' GDP, Afghanistan is a underdeveloped
country with little to no sanitation. Having about 6 million people with no access or poor welfare,
the country has a low population along with low life expectancy. This underdeveloped, desolate, war
torn country has a long continuing history. Being the 41st largest country in the world, the country's
area is 652, 230 square kilometers. That would make the country slightly smaller than Texas.
Pakistan, China, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan are some of the countries
surrounding Afghanistan. The country has NO bodies of water, is landlocked, and is mostly made
up of rugged mountains. Afghanistan has no coastline, having barely any rain and humidity.
Because of the country's location, Afghanistan has hot summers. They are hotter than most
countries because of being landlocked. There are cold winters, because of the mountains. Based
on the country's size, the population is quite large. Afghanistan has a population of 31, 108, 077
Afghans.The US has a population of 316, 438, 601 americans. That is about 10% of the US's
population. Afghanistan's population growth rate is 2.29. Did you know that Afghanistan males
have a life expectancy of 48.81 years? Thats 29.35 less than US males' life expectancy. The Afghan
women live for a few years longer based on life

Afghanistan Essay

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Afghanistan Essay