A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
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The Late Middle Ages Essay
1. The Late Middle Ages Essay
The Middle Ages, often referred to as the Dark Ages, was regarded to be a time of despair, disease, and death. Just as the name the "Dark Ages"
suggests, this period of European history seemed to be surrounded by darkness and hopelessness. Unfortunately, the majority of people only see this
side of the Middle Ages when, in fact, the Middle Ages was a much more important era. Especially during the late Middle Ages, one can find a change
in orthodox social structure, political instability mostly concerned with succession to the throne, and economic changes and how those changes went
hand in hand with the change in society. After certain demographical changes and turning points such as the Hundred Years' War,Europe began to
transform...show more content...
Then after the French king, Charles VI, became unable to rule, many "rival factions of French nobles" sought the position and began a civil war in
the process. (Spielvogel 287) Similarly, Germany "had already begun to fall apart in the High Middle Ages... [because] the failure of the
Hohenstaufen ended any chance of centralized monarchical authority, and Germany became a land of hundreds of virtually independent states."
(Spielvogel 287) Even if these states were bound by the king of Germany or the Holy Roman Emperor, they were highly independent. Gradually,
Germany began to adopt an electoral system for their king as stated by the Golden Bull, therefore, power was transferred to the people, the German
monarchy became on the "verge of anarchy."(Spielvogel 287) South of Germany, Italy also lacked a centralized monarchical state due to papal
opposition and its division into separate kingdoms. Eventually, tyrants began a limited rule of Italy that became "longâterm despotism" of ever growing
regional states. (Spielvogel 288) Thus, centralized monarchical rule became a rare sight in Europe, excluding certain areas. Another rare sight in
Europe was a power holding peasant; however, after the Black Death, that sight became common. The Black Death wiped out about twentyâ five to
fifty percent of
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2. The Middle Ages Essay
The Song of Roland is the Emblem of the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages was an era of invasions. It was a dark time in England and across Europe. Where Islam was taking over, the crusades had to take
action against that and spread Christianity instead. Values and beliefs were driven from the church. On the other hand, Feudalism, which stands for
"the power of the land" was taking over. All these incidents and more inspired the poets and writers to create literature that expressed what was
happening in the Middle Ages. One of these productions was the "Song of Roland" it is one of the oldest epic poems that was written in France. In my
view the following points taken from this magnificent poem, focus on the values of this era: church was spreading wrong conceptions against Islam in
order to spread Christianity; rules and values in society were imposed by the church, when people where believers in god ; land owners are the most
powerful in society, that lead to feudalism; one of the knights merits is complying to orders; noble knights fight alone when in need for help till the
last breath; vicious sins like falsehood and betrayal are dammed by the kingdom.
The Church was spreading wrong conceptions about Islam in order to spread Christianity; The Song of Roland purposely draws negative images
about the faith of Islam and semi Muslims. And associated them with devils, in (laisse 78) Rain does not fall nor dew collect. There is no stone,
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3. Essay About The Middle Ages
Since the beginning of the world, there have been a various types of time periods such as Classical antiquity, Archaic Period, Macedonian Era, Ancient
Rome, and more. All the people who lived in different generations have different lives. Of course, this includes people who lived during the Middle
Ages. Middle Ages, also known as Medieval period, is the period in European history starting from the collapse of Roman civilization to the period of
Renaissance. These people who have lived during the had an antithetic lifestyle from other generations. Life in Middle Ages was different from the life
of people in other time periods politically, economically, and technologically. To begin with, people had different political systems in the Middle
...show
more content...
Unlike modern times, transportation systems in the Middle Ages were not diverse. On land, people usually traveled by riding on horses.
Aristocrats usually rode on the wagons, and commoners rode on horses. People usually did not transport through sea, but when they did, they used
ships. Ships were usually used during the war, or trade between Middle East countries. Military technology in the Medieval period was discrete
from other generations. Because there were knights during the Middle Ages, they used the swords and arrows to fight. Other than these weapons,
they had special kinds of weapon, biological and psychological weapon. Biological weapons such as dead bodies and dead animals were used to
spread the disease over the enemy camp. Psychological weapons were used to arouse fear of the knights to the enemy lines. For example, they would
make an armor that is several times larger than the normal size. Then they would put the armor in the scene of victory to show the enemies. By doing
this, rumors would spread throughout the enemy camp and those rumors would arouse fear of the knights. Agricultural tool was also distinct in the
Middle Ages. The plow was considered to be one of the most important technologies developed especially in the Medieval period. During this period,
the plow was used with multipleâoxen teams. By this, farmers were able to plow the heavier and wetter soils, leading
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4. Middle Ages Dbq Essay
Document Based Question Essay, focusing on the Middle Ages The Middle Ages in Western Europe began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476,
and ended in the 15th century. At the start of this time period Europe was not perfect it was politically divided, experiencing sea raids, and not many
people had the ability to read and write. Europeans struggled in the beginning of this era and were still learning how to become a unified community,
Europeans were able to overcome these difficulties with a unified religion through the Catholic Church, and lastly towards the end of the Middle Ages
Europe came into a new more dominant trade position. Taking these factors into account the labels that best describe the era between 500 and 1400
would...show more content...
Towards the end of the Middle Ages era Europe made technological advances and continued to grow as a community. Gray C. Boyce in his excerpt
from "The Medieval Period" describing the middle ages, argues, "Even at its worst it performed the function of guarding, frequently by accident and
chance, the knowledge and treasures of what had come before, but even more it was creative and inventive, and transmitted to later ages great riches
of its own,". The author is proving that although Europe was indeed imperfect like most things, it was exceptional as well. The author is making the
point that even during the worst times it was protective, creative, and knowledgeable. All of the attributes the author described are what made Europe
so successful, and shows the reader that Europe was a prosperous, creative, and successful community. H.C Davis in the novel "Medieval Europe"
claims, "It flourished in the midst of rude surroundings, fierce passions, and material ambitions ... we must judge of them by their philosophy and law,
by their poetry and architecture...," (Oxford University Press, 1946, p. 79.) Just as the author mentioned Western Europe flourished, it was successful, it
had strong philosophy and law, and beautiful poetry and architecture. In addition to the blossoming of the
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5. Middle Ages
There is a commonly held idea that the middle ages in Europe (476 CEâ1500 CE) were a backwards period of stagnation and scientific degeneracy,
caused by the brutal suppression of science by the evil Catholic Church, and eventually overcome due to the work of enlightened thinkers such as
Galileo and Newton. This idea of these 'dark ages' has existed since the 14th century, and has continued to gain popularity through the early modern era
as historians used it to compare their 'enlightened times' to the 'dark and primitive ages' of the past. While this narrative is not entirely without merit,
the number of manuscripts produced during this time period was significantly lower than the times proceeding it (Buringh, Zanden. 2009), it both fails
...show more content...
In September of 476 CE the last Roman emperor of the west was deposed and with this, the already failing, Western Roman Empire dissolved. As
discussed in Dr.Peter Heather's analysis in Ancient History in depth: The Fall of Rome, the effects of this were felt on nearly every level in Europe
but impeded the development of natural philosophy in three main ways. First is that Roman infrastructure, which had previously allowed for trade and
information to freely flow throughout the empire, was suddenly no longer being maintained and defended. This left most philosophers cut off from
each other and unable to collaborate. Second is that the fall of Western Rome led to the immediate and rapid deâurbanization of Europe. This is
because the loss of the strong central empire led to the region almost immediately fragmenting into hundreds of small kingdoms. These kingdoms
lacked the professional military of Rome, and could not collect taxes or exert control over their subjects as Rome did. With taxes no longer a major
part of day to day life and unified Roman market for goods suddenly non existent, much of the population turned to farming and spread out into more
rural areas. Third is that, with the loss of both the central Roman bureaucracy and market, literacy
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6. The Middle Ages Essays
The Middle Ages
Throughout time, history has taken some strange turns. A single ruler establishing some new form of government can transform entire civilizations, or
a single event can lead to the creation of a great new people. Whatever the case, history can repeat itself in time. One possible exemption of this could
be Britain's time period of the Middle Ages. Bearing a distinct and unique culture relative to the time period, some of the values and the customs held
during this time have yet to be repeated in history. It is perhaps the most unique period of all time for the British Isles.
Brief History Before the period of the middle ages, the British Isles mostly lay dormant in local disputes and settlements of small...show more content...
(Sanders, p 36).
Homes In the Middle Ages, housing was inadequate, sometimes even nonexistent for the lower class. "Peasants lived in a world of filth. It is a
miracle that they had pulled through to work another day on the noble's land." (Vinogradoff, p 25). Peasants who were lucky to have nobles that had
buildings on their land often slept with the livestock, and the floor was littered with filth and rubbish. Nobles did little for improving the peasants
living conditions, and they often did cruel and inhumane things to them if they refused to work one day due to illness. (Vinogradoff, p 40).
The noble way of lifestyle is not as rich and extravagant as newer royalty families lived. However, they did have many things that the peasant class did
not. The floors were often much cleaner than the livestockâfilled rooms in which the peasants lived, and they were tiled too, producing a primitive
decorating style for each ruler. Tapestries made from great fabric types were hung throughout the stone walls of the castles in which the upper class
lived. The kitchen was often the center room, with the fireplace serving for its uses as a cooking place and a heating place. Bedrooms started
appearing in nobles castles around 1050AD, which significantly increased the lifespan of an adult noble due to the fact that they received more rest
than they had before and the bones in their spine were correctly aligned and would
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7. Middle Ages Essay
Ali Haidar
Mrs.Wallace
World History
Benchmark 1: Middle Ages in
September 18, 2017
Section 1:
Identify:
Clovisâa great leader in energy and ability
Islamâa religion that was of great power
Charlemagneâ of an empire
AlcuinâCharlemagne chose this person to run his school
Treaty of VerdunâSplit the empire into three regions
Vikingsâwhere mean and ferocious and they raid communities along rivers in Europe
Missi Dominciâgroup of officials
Questions:
At the dawn of the middle ages, Europe had great untapped potential, there was dense forests and rich black earth which is better suited for growing
crops than the dry soils around the Mediterranean.
The Franks and the muslims led to the first group of invasions. The Magyars and the Vikings led...show more content...
All the people who went to church had to pay 10 percent of their income. It made a set of rules for the entire population no matter how high they
are(government).
Men and women were created equal, but on earth they are unequal. Women have two sides, one sinful and one modest and pure.They set an age on
women, and fined men who beat their wives.They eventually made restricted women from learning, hearing confessions at church, and the right to
preach at church.
8. They sacrificed their own time to charity, to spread the christian religion and encouraged people to convert
Section 4:
Identify:
charterâa written documentations that had the rights and privileges of the town capitalâmoney for investment usuryâlending money with interest, it
was deemed immoral guildâassociations that dominated life in medieval
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9. Medieval Ages Research Paper
The Medieval Ages
The Medieval Ages that descended upon the Europeans following the deconstruction and devolution of the formerly grand institutions of the Roman
Empire left a world darkened to the eyes of history. The world lost touch with simple concepts to a modern history student of writing, economy, culture,
and government—the mainstay of that which we cannot see ourselves without—civilization. What was left of Europe was a state of chaos.
In all other periods of human history I have studied there were similarities among them from which I could draw conclusions upon the condition of the
respective times. The Text helped to give order to the progression of European history from the ancient to the modern drawing...show more content...
Without stability security is harder to maintain and both are needed to promote profitable economic activity. Roman society in the western Empire had
slowly developed into a subsistence plantation society comparable to the American antebellum southern society of the 19th century. Government
institutions slowly died out, as did any form of an economic market. The majority of the population was enslaved. There was little civilization save the
aristocracy for the Germans to destroy even when they came to the area.
Rome had become a corrupt political center, to become Emperor was to sign your own death warrant, therefore the only people interested were the most
unskilled the empire had yet seen. When the Germans finally came to dominate Western Europe there was virtually no academics or literacy. The
historical record from this point is cloudy. The main source of knowledge comes from the church and its scribe monks. This obviously gives their
interpretation of the events of the time a less than secular point of view. The church in fact quickly assumed the reins of a European political vacuum.
Churches and monasteries usually were the only centers of knowledge and trade and of community. Eventually a reorganization of the political order
developed locally with feudalism. It was a cheap, local and efficient from of government. It didn't offer much more than order and
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