A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
Jimmy Carter Presidency, then Carter Center: Diplomacy, Global Health, and Charity
1.
2. What can we learn by reflecting on the presidency of Jimmy Carter, and
how he continued his charitable and peacemaking efforts through his
nonprofit organization, the Carter Center?
Jimmy Carter reflects on how he won his dark-horse Presidential
campaign by relentless campaigning, and the many challenges he faced
during his Presidency, including the Camp David Accords, domestic
challenges and reforms, and the Iran hostage crisis that lasted over a
year.
After his Presidency ended, he had many productive years left, so he
founded the Carter Center, enabling him to continue charitable, global
health, peacekeeping, and election monitoring activities for many
decades.
4. Please, we welcome interesting questions in the
comments. Let us learn and reflect together!
At the end of our talk, we will discuss the sources
used for this video.
Please feel free to follow along in the PowerPoint
script we uploaded to SlideShare, which includes
illustrations. Our sister blog includes footnotes, both
include our Amazon book links.
5. Jimmy Carter: A Full Life, Reflections at Ninety
https://youtu.be/em5snF_iKkE
https://amzn.to/3JbYJSf
https://youtu.be/sN3MQevsDa4
Youth, School, Navy, Georgia Politics
Presidency and Carter Center
https://amzn.to/45RPtwl
https://amzn.to/3FLDuVZ
8. Jimmy Carter was elected as President after the
soul-searching by the nation caused by Nixon’s
Watergate scandals caused by a criminal president
who was facing impeachment. He was elected
because the electorate saw him not only as an
honest man, but also as a sincere born-again
Christian. But his support for civil rights turned
many white Christians against him.
9. In the introduction,
Jimmy Carter proclaims:
“Vice President Mondale
summarized our
administration by saying,
‘We told the truth, we
obeyed the law, we kept
the peace.’ I would add,
‘We championed human
rights.’”
10. In our prior video, Jimmy Carter tells us his story as a
youth growing up on a rural Georgia farm, to his
years serving on US Navy submarines, first diesel
then nuclear submarines, and how he fought for
election reform and civil rights serving as first a State
Senator then as Governor of Georgia.
13. Jimmy Carter’s term as governor ended in January 1975, giving him nearly two full
years to run for President. There had been many who encouraged him to run,
including Dean Rusk, a fellow Georgian who had served as Secretary of State. His
campaign resembled his campaign for Governor, they sought delegates from all fifty
states during the primary period, between his wife and mother and children there
were seven campaigns being run simultaneously. They stayed in the homes of
supporters whenever possible to avoid racking up huge hotel bills.
To everyone’s surprise, Carter won the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries,
followed by success after success, giving them a clear majority at the Democratic
Convention, though his disastrous Playboy interview was a speedbump that slowed
his campaign down. He chose Walter Mondale as Vice-President; he seemed most
compatible with him, and his Washington connections would prove useful. He won
the general election against Gerald Ford in a relatively close election.
16. In his campaign, Jimmy Carter declined to personally
attack his opponent, Gerald Ford, who had
controversially pardoned Richard Nixon to relieve
him of criminal liability for the acts he performed
while he was President. His justification was that a
criminal trial would tear the country apart, and in
subsequent years Ford emphasized that by accepting
the pardon Nixon had confessed his guilt.
17.
18. Jimmy Carter likely felt that unduly
criticizing Ford for his pardon would
likewise tear the country apart, he
remembers: “My inauguration speech was
one of the briefest on record for the first
inauguration of a president. It began with
thanks to Gerald Ford for ‘healing our
nation,’ and expressed two of the major
themes of my administration: keeping the
peace and strengthening human rights.”
19. Jimmy Carter disliked the pomp of the office, he
sought to be more down to earth. His wife Rosalyn
decided to wear the same dress she had worn for the
gubernatorial inauguration; she was criticized for not
selecting a model from a current designer. Likewise,
Jimmy Carter was pilloried for delivering White
House speeches wearing a sweater, so he switched to
wearing a standard business suit as was expected.
20.
21. After selling the
presidential yacht
Sequoia, Jimmy Carter
said “I was surprised
when some of these
changes proved to be
quite unpopular,
learning how much the
public cherished the
pomp and ceremony of
the presidency.”
Rosalyn, Jimmy, and Amy Carter, South Lawn of the White House
22. Jimmy Carter remembers, “Our
first reception was for more
than 750 people in whose
homes members of our family
had spent the night on the
campaign trail. These meetings
were emotional because some
of the families had taken us in
when few people knew or cared
who I was. We gave each
couple a small brass plaque
stating that a member of my
family had stayed with them.” Jimmy and Rosalyn Carter at Inaugural Ball
23. Since like Theodore Roosevelt and Barack
Obama, Jimmy Carter was elected as
President at a relatively young age, which
meant that his daughter, Amy, was young.
Jimmy Carter remembers, “Rosalyn and I
wanted Amy to be deeply involved in the
Washington community and with children
of diverse backgrounds. At Thaddeus
Stevens Elementary School she had
classmates who were from a wide range of
families, including blacks, Hispanics, and
children of the servants of foreign
embassies.”
Rosalyn, Jimmy, and Amy Carter, 1977
24. And they built her a treehouse on the White House
grounds, which was likely the only treehouse in
America guarded by Secret Service agents.
25.
26. During the campaign, a reporter asked him if he was a
born-again Christian, and Jimmy Carter responded that he
was, which led to some reporters wondering if that meant
he received regular visions from the Almighty. He
discontinued the practice of asking prominent pastors like
Billy Graham to hold services in the White House and
instead joined the First Baptist Church near the White
House. He had some prominent leaders inquire about
Christianity, including First Secretary Edward Gierek of
Poland and General Park Chung-hee of South Korea.
27.
28. Jimmy Carter wanted to pass a national health plan,
but he faced unexpected opposition from Senator
Ted Kennedy, whose more expensive plan would
never be approved by Congress. So, this effort failed,
it would be over thirty years later when Obamacare
was narrowly passed.
31. Jimmy Carter was a dedicated President, and few give him credit for how
solid foundation he laid in his domestic and foreign policies, and how
these enabled the policy success of the next President, Ronald Reagan.
Perhaps his most successful endeavor was inviting the Israeli President
Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Camp David for
Middle East peace talks. This was the first time any Arab leader
consented to face-to-face talks with an Israeli President. There was much
bitter history between the two nations. After several shouting matches,
Jimmy Carter decided to negotiate with each of them separately in turn.
At one time Sadat had packed his bags, he forcefully persuaded him not
to leave and to persist in the negotiations.
32. Anwar Sadar and Jimmy Carter at Camp David
Jimmy Carter and Menachem Begin at Camp David
33. His devotions discuss how he was finally able to
cajole them to agree to peace, through his faith,
sincerity, and persistence. After reading his
autobiography, I concluded that he related to the
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat than he did to the
Israeli President, Menachem Begin.
35. One of Jimmy Carter’s endeavors was the streamlining of
government programs, and the deregulation of “railroads,
electric power, oil and gas, bus lines, trucking firms,
airlines, banks, insurance companies, and even television,
telecommunications, and radio networks.” Travel by air
became affordable for Americans for the first time under
these reforms. Jimmy Carter also championed
consolidating all disaster relief and preparedness efforts,
including weather forecasting, in the new FEMA
department.
37. Jimmy Carter chose to cancel the B1 bomber program
because it had become too expensive and irrelevant, and
because the new stealth technology was being developed
that would soon result in the B2 bomber program. Jimmy
Carter also decided against developing the neutron bomb,
which would have only killed people without destroying
their homes and offices. Jimmy Carter also recounts his
support of the space program, though he did not believe in
expensive manned space missions to Mars or back to the
Moon.
39. Although the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan would
increase tensions with the Soviet Union in the closing
years of his Presidency, Jimmy Carter sought to ease
Cold War tensions generally. He urged the Soviets to
increase Jewish emigration to Europe, Israel, and the
United States. He signed a treaty with the Soviet
Union limiting nuclear arms during his Presidency.
40. Jimmy Carter & Leonid Brezhnev sign SALT II treaty in Vienna, 1979
41. Jimmy Carter remembers: “We
concluded the SALT II
agreement.” “Although not
ratified by the US Senate, SALT II
remained in effect beyond its
expected time.” Soviet premier
“Brezhnev said, at the beginning,
‘If we do not succeed, God will
not forgive us!’ As leader of an
atheistic regime, he was
embarrassed by the resulting
silence, until the Soviet
Ambassador Gromyko said
humorously, ‘Yes, God above is
looking down at us all.’”
Jimmy Carter & Leonid Brezhnev sign SALT II treaty in Vienna, 1979
42. Congress and the Presidency under Jimmy Carter also
approved loans to New York City and the major car
manufacturer Chrysler to keep them both solvent, which
helped keep the US economy prosperous. The Chrysler
loan was dependent on strict business practices and labor
union concessions, and both loans were repaid with
interest.
Historically the United States foreign policy regarding Latin
America emphasized protecting American business
interests in the region, which was de facto colonialism.
43. West side of Manhattan viewed from the top of Hudson Commons
44. Jimmy Carter remembers, “When I
became president, military juntas ruled in
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and
Uruguay. I decide to support peaceful
moves toward freedom and democracy
throughout the hemisphere.” He
continued these efforts after his
Presidency through his Carter Center.
45. A special case was Panama, he inherited the
negotiations on the Panama Canal Zone under Nixon
and Ford administrations. They were reluctant to
submit a treaty to the Senate for ratification since it
was so politically sensitive, many in the US did not
want to relinquish US sovereignty over the Panama
Canal.
46.
47. This was a sensitive issue not only in Panama, but also
Latin America. The administration of Theodore Roosevelt
had bullied and coerced these countries to enable the
United States to finish the canal that a Frenchman had
started and abandoned. Panama was originally part of
Columbia, and when Columbia refused to grant permission
for the US to dig the canal, Roosevelt intervened with the
US Navy to support Panamanian rebels fighting for
independence from Columbia.
48.
49. Jimmy Carter recounts this history: “The
United States unilaterally drafted a
favorable treaty with Panama, which was
hurriedly signed on the night of November
18, 1903, in Washington, just a few hours
before a delegation from Panama could
arrive and examine the text. Panamanians
were ostensibly represented by a
Frenchman who had last visited Panama
eighteen years earlier. The huge
engineering feat was completed in 1914,
and the canal was operated under
American supervision, with many
Panamanian workers.”
Theodore Roosevelt at the Panama Canal.
50. This bullying poisoned US relations with Latin
America ever since that time. But US sovereignty
over the Panama Canal was as popular among US
Senators as it was unpopular in Panama. He recruited
the former Republican Presidents Ford and Nixon to
help convince Senators to support this treaty. The
treaty was passed with support from 68 senators,
one more than needed, though many who supported
the treaty were defeated for reelection.
52. The Iranian hostage crisis consumed the
last year of his Presidency. Many of
Carter’s military advisors were itching
to send in troops to Iran, but Jimmy
Carter held firm, not willing to risk an
unending conflict. Jimmy Carter
remembers, “Since I had refrained from
exerting military force to punish the
Iranians, the failure to secure the
freedom of the hostages made me
vulnerable to Reagan’s allegations that I
was an ineffective leader.”
53. Jimmy Carter remembers, “While
Iranians were weakened by the
international sanctions imposed on
them because of their illegal act,
they were attacked by forces of
Iraq’s Saddam Hussein. I condemned
the invasion because it interfered
with my efforts to free the hostages,
but it caused additional problems as
the substantial oil exports from both
countries were cut off, causing
skyrocketing oil prices and global
inflation, and high interest rates
resulted.”
VP George HW Bush and others welcome hostages home.
54. In his devotions, Jimmy Carter reflects on how he resolved
many important issues he faced during his Presidency. He
discusses how Deng Xiaoping, Vice Premier of China,
agreed to relax restrictions on Christian Churches in China,
his personal recollections on the negotiations between the
prime ministers of Egypt and Israel in the Camp David
peace accords, his conflicts with the evil African dictator,
Idi Amin, who threw his enemies off hotel balconies, and
the Iran hostage crisis.
58. Americans always face a choice posed by the drug problem: Do you offer
treatment options to addicts, encouraging them to kick the habit, or do
you imprison drug addicts? Jimmy Carter was in favor of decriminalizing
marijuana use and offering treatment to drug addicts. Subsequent
conservative presidents favored punishing addicts, but Americans have
recently swung back Carter’s position.
After the disastrous Supreme Court ruling in Citizen’s United in 2010,
Republican billionaires seek to influence American politics. Jimmy Carter
recalls he spent only $26 million in his two Presidential campaigns,
Presidential major candidates now spend a billion dollars in campaigns,
with the Republican Koch brothers and their associates alone spending
about $900 million.
59.
60. Jimmy Carter sought to ease tensions with Cuba and
felt that the economic embargo was needlessly
turning the Cuban population against America. But
Castro antagonized America both by sending Cuban
advisors to assist hostile military forces in Africa, and
by enabling the 1980 Mariel boatlift. In addition to
permitting refugees to sail for America, he also
emptied his prisons, sending convicts to America
among the refugees.
63. Another issue that Jimmy Carter championed that
has gained steam recently was the unnecessary
damming of wild rivers and streams, which prevents
fish from breeding, harming the environment.
65. I substantially agree with Jimmy Carter’s
comments on abortion. “The Roe v
Wade ruling of 1973 was that during
the first trimester of pregnancy the
decision to abort must be left to the
mother and her physician. As a
Christian, I have never believed that
Jesus Christ would approve abortions
unless the life of the mother was
endangered, or the pregnancy was
caused by rape or incest. As president, I
had to uphold the law, but I still did
everything possible to minimize the
number of abortions.”
https://youtu.be/Jb_vUFnAf3g
https://youtu.be/C4rH6qhhw70
66. Jimmy Carter says that he
“encouraged the availability of sex
education and contraceptives and
initiated special financial and food
assistance for indigent women
and their babies, which is known
as the WIC (Women, Infants and
Children) program. We tried to
make the procedure for adoption
as convenient and natural as
possible, with minimum
embarrassment for the birth and
foster mothers.”
https://youtu.be/ll9wOR0t2yQ
67. Carter Losing 1980 Presidential Election
Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan in 1980 Presidential Debate
68. During his presidency, there was a reaction among white evangelicals against both
the abortion issue and civil rights issues. They established religious colleges that
were known as segregation academies. They supported a constitutional amendment
to ban abortion under any circumstance. This new Moral Majority also opposed
normalizing relations with Red China, the Panama Canal Treaty, and sought
unlimited prayer in schools. They supported Ronal Reagan, a divorcee who was not
devoutly religious.
The Iran hostage crisis both distracted him from campaigning while it also damaged
his reputation as a firm leader, as he was helpless to influence the radical students
holding the Americans hostage who worked in the embassy in Tehran. He organized
a commando raid to rescue them, but a collision of helicopters in a sandstorm
doomed the mission, and they had to turn back. Meanwhile, in America Ted
Kennedy was challenging him in the Democratic primaries, which divided the party.
69.
70. Jimmy Carter remembers, “I gave my
kickoff speech at Warm Springs in
Georgia, where Franklin Roosevelt had
been treated for polio and died in 1945.
I was somewhat disconcerted when
Ragan made his introductory speech in
Philadelphia, Mississippi, which was well
known as the place where three civil
rights workers were murdered by Ku Klux
Klan members and buried in a dam. His
key statement, at least to Southerners,
was ‘I believe in states rights.’ Although I
had swept the South in 1976, Georgia
was the only Southern state I won in
1980, along with just five other states.”
71. Jimmy Carter After His Presidency
Ex-President Jimmy Carter aboard USS Jimmy Carter / Jimmy Carter as Sunday School Teacher
72. Jimmy Carter’s business was placed in a true blind trust
while he was President, and when he returned to private
life, he learned it had both declined because of drought,
and that it had been mismanaged. Fortunately, the Archer
Daniels Midland Company bought his warehouse since
they wanted to enter the peanut business, which paid off
the debts of the business. He decided to rent his fields to
mechanized farmers, and low-maintenance timber was
now the only crop he raised. Writing his memoirs and
many books was a major source of income.
73. Jimmy Carter was in his late fifties when he left the
presidency, he had many productive years remaining. He
had offers to become a University President, he decided to
take a lecture position with Emory University. He realized
that many of the projects he was working on when he was
President he could continue under a non-profit
organization. In conjunction with raising funds for a
presidential library, he also founded the Carter Center in
Atlanta, Georgia.
74.
75. He was encouraged by his successful diplomacy between the presidents
of Israel and Egypt in the Camp David talks. (REPEAT) Jimmy Carter
explains his intent: “I could offer my services as a mediator to help
prevent or resolve conflicts,” and they would also monitor elections
around the globe. The Carter Center could sponsor conferences on
“peace in the Middle East, international security and arms control,
business and the environment, education, and global health.” The Carter
Center would be non-partisan and would not duplicate successful efforts
by other organizations. They hired several hundred staff, plus several
hundred trained experts on contract, assisted by thousands of volunteers,
many volunteers were needed in their global health campaigns.
76.
77. Jimmy Carter explains
his intent: “I could offer
my services as a
mediator to help
prevent or resolve
conflicts,” and they
would also monitor
elections around the
globe. The Carter Center
could sponsor
conferences on “peace
in the Middle East,
international security
and arms control,
business and the
environment, education,
and global health.”
79. Jimmy Carter had respected the accomplishments in
foreign affairs of the two Republican Presidents who
preceded him, Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and he
offered to give them briefings during his Presidency.
Ford met with Carter in the Oval Office whenever he
was in Washington, and they and their families
formed an intimate friendship, Ford asked Carter if
he could deliver his eulogy at his funeral.
80. Jimmy Carter sought to cooperate with the current
administration in his peacekeeping efforts. Carter’s
relationship with Reagan was strained, his request for
briefings were ignored, and US ambassadors were
instructed not to assist him in his endeavors or even
acknowledge his presence. However, he got along
well with his Secretary of State George Schultz and
Reagan’s national security advisors.
81.
82. President Clinton did work with Carter and welcomed his
mediation. Carter was one of the few Democrats to attend
George W Bush’s inauguration, and he asked Carter what he
could do for him. Carter asked if the White House could assist the
Carter Center in completing a peace agreement between North
and South Sudan that previous White House administrations had
blocked, and he agreed. When Obama became President, it had
been three decades since Carter had been President, so the
primary focus of the Carter Center had shifted from peace
negotiations to global health initiatives and monitoring troubled
elections.
83. George W Bush invited former George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter, & Barack Obama to White House, 2009
84. Although he was reluctant to meet with North
Korean dictator Kim Il Sung, a reluctance shared by
President Clinton, he was persuaded to hold talks
with him, a meeting that Clinton eventually
approved. Agreements reached did ease tensions
with North Korea and recovered the remains of
veteran Americans from the Korean War. Tensions
escalated when President George W Bush branded
North Korea as an evil empire.
86. Peace initiatives could be hazardous. After the elected Haitian
leader Aristide was forced into exile in 1994, both he and the
current lead Cedras asked that Jimmy Carter mediate their
dispute. Jimmy Carter asked former Senator Sam Nunn and
General Colin Powell to join him on his trip to Haiti for
negotiations before President Clinton sent in American troops.
After Cedras refused to relinquish power, Clinton decided to send
in troops. A more acceptable agreement was then signed, and
Clinton ordered the planes flying in the troops to return to their
American base. What would have happened to this high-level
legation had that agreement not been signed?
87. President Bill
Clinton and
the US
Delegation to
Haiti: Former
President
Jimmy
Carter,
General Colin
Powell and
Senator Sam
Nunn, 1994
88. The Carter Center remained involved in the Middle East
peace efforts and also in monitoring Palestinian and
Egyptian elections. In 2015 when this book was written,
the Carter Center maintained full-time offices in
Jerusalem, Ramallah in the West Bank, and in Gaza. With
the rise of Hamas and the reactive stiffening of the Israeli
position, the two-state solution has proved elusive, and
Jimmy Carter was criticized for maintaining a balanced
stance on the Palestinian issue.
90. The Carter Center also monitors many elections in
Latin America. They send long-term observers into
the country many months before the election,
monitoring efforts to register voters, encouraging the
hiring of competent election staff, and improving
voting standards. Their staff and volunteers monitor
many individual polling stations while the top Carter
Center staff remain in the capital city.
93. In their global health efforts, the Carter Center initially
concentrated its efforts on preventing malaria and five
neglected tropical diseases that had been eradicated in the
moderately developed world but remained endemic
among the poor in Africa and Latin America. In the early
years, these campaigns would begin with meetings with
the Presidents and other government officials in the local
countries, in particular the health ministries, to formulate
a plan of action and the role the Carter Center would play.
94. Jimmy Carter
during a 2007
visit to
Savelugu
Hospital in
Ghana. The
Carter Center
played a huge
role in Ghana's
fight in
eradicating
Guinea Worm
Disease.
95. Much of their efforts were low-tech,
heaving dependent on local volunteers.
Jimmy Carter remembers, “We give the
local people as much credit for
accomplishments as possible.” “Our Carter
Center staff plus those we train go into the
most remote villages in jungle and desert
areas to explain our goals, recruit
volunteers, and train them and a few paid
supervisors. Then we deliver donated
medicines, water filtration clothes, and
insecticide bed nets” to fight malaria, “and
make sure that people know how these
materials are to be properly used.” Bill Clinton awards the Presidential Medal of
Freedom to the Carters, 1999
96. Significant progress has been achieved in battling these illnesses.
Through their initiatives, river blindness has been eliminated in
many Latin American countries and curbed in Africa. Remarkable
progress was achieved in fighting the horrible guinea worm
parasite: in 1986 there were 3.5 million cases in twenty countries
and 26,000 villages, they are hopeful that this scourge will be
completely eliminated before 2024. This was accomplished
simply by teaching local people how to filter their drinking water.
They sponsor surgeries to correct trachoma, which causes
blindness, and build latrines to reduce the flies that transmit this
disease.
99. Another Carter Center initiative is to teach “eight million African
families how to double or triple their production of maize, or
corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, and millet.”
First Lady Rosalyn Carter showed a commitment to mental health
during her husband’s Presidency and continued this commitment
both in the United States and abroad through the Carter Center.
They also continued their efforts with Habitat for Humanity both
at home and abroad, building homes that low-income families
purchase with a twenty-year interest-free mortgage, basically at
cost, with the family assisting in the construction of their or their
neighbor’s homes.
103. We enjoyed reading Jimmy Carter’s autobiography, A Full Life, Reflections
at Ninety. He wrote many books post-presidency, including his 1982
biography, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, and other books
including White House Diary, An Outdoor Journal, Turning Point, and
Christmas in Plains. He and his wife wrote several books on mental health
topics, and less serious books. We plan to review his book on the Virtues
of Aging, which he wrote when he was seventy-five years young.
(REPEAT) Jimmy Carter wrote several books on his experiences with
leaders in the Middle East and the regional peace efforts, beginning with
the Blood of Abraham in 1985, the controversially titled Palestine Peace
Not Apartheid in 2006, and We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land in 2009.
104. Other books penned by
Jimmy Carter:
• 1982 biography,
Keeping Faith:
Memoirs of a
President
• White House Diary
• An Outdoor Journal
• Turning Point
• Christmas in Plains
• Virtues of Aging
105. Jimmy Carter and his
wife wrote several
books on mental
health topics, and
less serious books,
including a book on
hunting and fishing.
Jimmy Carter has
written several
books on his
Christian faith.
106. Jimmy Carter wrote
several books on his
experiences with
leaders in the Middle
East :
• The Blood of
Abraham in 1985
• The controversially
titled Palestine
Peace Not Apartheid
in 2006
• We Can Have Peace
in the Holy Land in
2009.
107. Jimmy Carter has written several books on his
Christian faith. We have reflected on his book on 365
Daily Devotions, which includes reflections on his
personal interactions with many foreign leaders.
110. We also have photographs and inspiration from
visiting his boyhood home in Archer, Georgia, his high
school in Plains, Georgia, and his Presidential Library,
next to the offices of the Carter Center, in Atlanta,
Georgia.
111.
112.
113.
114. Jimmy Carter: A Full Life, Reflections at Ninety
https://youtu.be/em5snF_iKkE
https://amzn.to/3JbYJSf
https://youtu.be/sN3MQevsDa4
Youth, School, Navy, Georgia Politics
Presidency and Carter Center
https://amzn.to/45RPtwl
https://amzn.to/3FLDuVZ