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Prawn Farming.ppt
1. MSU is an affirmative-action,
equal-opportunity employer.
Michigan State University
Extension programs and
materials are open to all
without regard to race, color,
national origin, sex, gender,
gender identity, religion, age,
height, weight, disability,
political beliefs, sexual
orientation, marital status,
family status or veteran
status.
2. A network of 33
state focused
programs
What is Sea Grant?
Tasked with
protecting and
promoting sustainable
use of coastal
resources
Achieved through
Research
Education
Outreach
3. Sea Grant Focus Areas
Resilient Communities and Economies
Healthy Coastal Ecosystems
Environmental Literacy and Workforce
Development
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture
4.
5. Outline
Seafood consumption and source trends
Potential Species
Types of aquaculture systems
Starting aquaculture facilities in MI
Q&A time
6. The Great Lakes basin drains almost 520,000 km2
(200,000 mi2)
Length of shoreline totals 17,000 km (10,200 mi,
including connecting channels, mainland and
islands).
The U.S, shoreline is 7,200 km (4,500 mi), longer than
the U.S. east coast and Gulf Coasts combined.
If the water of the Great Lakes were spread across
the continental us, everything would be covered in
10 feet of water
Spatial Extent
7. Michigan Lakes and Stream
Michigan has 32,000 miles of rivers and
streams
Michigan has over 11,000 inland lakes
and ponds
Massive amount of water in
underground aquifers, including many
artesian wells
8. The Great Lakes are an Amazing Resource
They make us a leader in many types of agriculture
Michigan produces over 300 agricultural commodities
Michigan has 9.9 million acres of Agg land
Can we be a leader in
aquaculture too?
10. Why does aquaculture matter?
Globally demand for
seafood is expected
to rise1
20% in North America over
next 20 years
50% in China and other nearby
Asian countries over next 20
years
12. Why does aquaculture matter?
Currently the
US has an 11
billion seafood
trade deficit
This is second
only to oil in
natural
resource
trade deficits
13. Changes in Culture Production
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
Yield
(MMT)
1989
1999
2009
There is much room for
expansion in areas other than
Asia
FAO 2011
14. Over 90% of Seafood eaten in
Michigan is imported
20. Future Trends in Seafood Production
2011
50%
2025
73%
FAO data and Diana projection
21. Top 24 Species Produced
Globally
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Yield
(million
tons)
Common name
Capture
Culture
•14 of the 24 top species are cultured
•12 of the 14 cultured species are low trophic level and mainly reared
semi-intensively – probably over 60% of culture production today is
done without using formulated feeds completely
•2 of the 10 capture species are for reduction to fishmeal
FAO 2011
22. Top Seafood Products – US
2014 2013 2012
Species Lbs Species Lbs Species Lbs
1 Shrimp 4 Shrimp 3.6 Shrimp 3.8
2 Salmon 2.307 Salmon 2.702
Canned
Tuna 2.4
3
Canned
Tuna 2.3
Canned
Tuna 2.3 Salmon 2.02
4 Tilapia 1.436 Tilapia 1.43 Tilapia 1.476
5 Pollock 0.981 Pollock 1.154 Pollock 1.167
6 Pangasius 0.69 Pangasius 0.771 Pangasius 0.726
7 Cod 0.657 Cod 0.605 Crab 0.523
8 Catfish 0.517 Catfish 0.566 Cod 0.521
9 Crab 0.508 Crab 0.548 Catfish 0.5
10 Clams 0.342 Clams 0.352 Clams 0.347
14.6 14.5 14.4
Total All Species
U.S. Per-Capita Consumption By Species in Pounds
Data from National Marine Fisheries Service.
Top Seafood Products Consumed in US
Best potential growing in MI?
24. 0 1 2 3 4
0 20 40 60
199
8
200
5
201
3
Value ($ million)
# Farms
Farm
s
15 year track record
Source: USDA Aquaculture Census
Michigan Aquaculture
25. What are people raising in MI?
…and why are they raising it?
26. Aquaculture Products in Michigan
Commodity and
Secondary Food
Products
Baitfish
Fish for Stocking
Private or Public
Waters
Egg and
Fry/Juvenile
Production
Fish for aquarium
trade
27. What to Grow?
Consider the following when choosing a
species to grow
Brood stock / egg and fry availability
Formulated feed availability
Climate constraints
Disease susceptibility
28. Aquaculture Species in MI
Rainbow Trout, and other cold water
trout (Brook, Brown, Char)
29. Aquaculture Species in MI
Tropical or Warm Water Species
Tilapia
Barumundi
Shrimp
30. Walleye and Saugeye
Credit: Oklahoma Wildlife Department
Aquaculture Species in MI
33. Fathead Minnow, Shiners and other
Baitfish
And many other native and non-native
gamefish species for stocking…
Bass
Pike
Pacific and Atlantic Salmon Species
Aquaculture Products in MI
34.
35. Aquaculture in Michigan
Currently the industry is small, but has
a number of successful businesses
Progress has and is being made on
regulatory environment, trained
workforce, and social acceptance
The potential is upwards of a 1 Billion
dollar industry in the state
41. Currently Net-pen is not slated
to happen in MI Waters
2 permit applications
Science panel review
Economic panel review
Regulatory review
Quality of Life Agencies
recommended against
42. Net-pen Aquaculture
Potential downside
Fish escape
Nutrient pollution
from solids
Effluent difficult to
treat
Disease and
parasite transfer
Chemicals
Positive and treatments
Low cost of operation
Low carbon footprint/nrg
Ocean systems can be
multi trophic to treat
waste
Can use disease-free fry
Use of native species,
triploids, etc
45. Flow Through Aquaculture
Potential downsides
Fish escape
Nutrient pollution
from solids
Effluent difficult to
treat
Disease and
parasite transfer
Positive and treatments
Low cost of operation
Low carbon footprint/nrg
Can collect solids
Effluent can be treated
for some facilities
Can use disease-free fry
Use of native species,
triploids, etc
55. Recirculating Aquaculture
Potential Impacts
Economic
viability?
High energy and
start up costs
Larger carbon
footprint
More chemical
treatments?
Positive and treatments
Lowest chance of
escapement
Water fully treated
Full control of system, can
grow warm water species
Water use limited
Potential marketing value?
56. RAS requires 3x the investment
over “conventional aquaculture”
Over 3x the density
(issues with organics, animal
rights and off flavor)
2.5x electrical requirements
2x carbon footprint
30% + premium pricing
US failure rate estimated 80-90%
Other Considerations
65. Michigan Aquaculture
Development Act of 1996
Required
aquaculture
facilities to
purchase a
license from the
state
Restricted
industry to
specific species
list
Defined
aquaculture as an
agricultural
operation
66. Permit Considerations
Liquid and Solid Waste
NPDES for discharge into water
(if discharging 30+ days per
year and 20,000 pounds of
warm water or 100,000 pounds
of cold water fish per year
produced)
Groundwater discharge if
discharging onto land
67. Permit Considerations
Water Source Permits
Water withdrawal if wells have
a 70 gallon per minute capacity
Joint Permit IF altering surface
waters or wetland
69. Voluntary options
GAAMPS (in development)
MEAP certification
USDA Organic (in development)
Permit Considerations
70.
71. Some Resources
Michigan Aquaculture Association – AIM Roadmap
http://michiganaquaculture.org/
MDARD Aquaculture-
http://www.michigan.gov/mdard/0,4610,7-125-
48096_48099_48140-345145--,00.html
Wisconsin Aquaculture Association
http://www.wisconsinaquaculture.com/
WI and Great Lakes Best Management Practices
https://aqua.wisc.edu/publications/PDFs/AquacultureBMP.pdf
North Central Regional Aquaculture Center - Chris Weeks
http://www.ncrac.org/ - Species Culture Manuals
Michigan Sea Grant – Ron Kinnunen, Elliot Nelson:
http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/
72. Some Potential Grants and Loans
USDA – National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grants
NOAA Fisheries – Office of Aquaculture
SARE Grants - http://www.sare.org/Grants
MDARD List of Financial Services
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdard/Financial_Assistance_Pro
grams_-_JH_edits_356064_7.pdf
Marketing Guide -
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mda/MDA_guide_335948_7.pdf
Editor's Notes
Basically what’s on slide
New office
breeding, rearing, and harvesting of plants and animals in all types of water environments
Currently the US has an 11 billion seafood trade deficit
This is second only to oil in natural resource trade deficits
Rainbow Trout grown for food as well as for release into public waters
Other species of trout mostly for public release. Some grown for stocking private ponds
Arctic Char not released into public waters, and not an approved species to grow for food in MI, but interest for food is rising.
Grown for food
Difficult to match price point
Mostly grown for release into public waters stocking private ponds
High potential as a food species
Mostly grown for release into public waters stocking private ponds
High potential as a food species
Mostly grown for release into public waters or for stocking private ponds
Some small potential as a food species
Baitfish industry mostly wild caught. Potential for aquaculture as well
Many game species grown for public and private stocking
Water inputs (i.e. what you need to put into the water)
Have to continually put oxygen into water
Have to continually put food into water in correct amounts
May have to continually put water in as well
Need to add new young fish (fry) when tanks are empty
Things to take out of the water
Have to dissolve CO2 out of the water. Some water may also have too much Nitrogen Gas in it when it comes in and that needs to be dissolved out as well. Chlorine needs to be removed from municipal
Fish waste can be solid or can be dissolved into water and is a liquid (effluent). Liquid waste concern is primarily Amonia, a form of nitrogen waste that is toxic in high amounts
Need to harvest fish. May have to grade fish out based on size (not all fish grow at equal rates)
Only Cage culture in Great Lakes is in Lake Huron in Ontario Waters. Has been there for 30 years.
Indian Brook Trout farm in Jackson.
Grayling Fish Hatchery
Dissolved Nitrogen waste is a major concern. Fish Produce Ammonia, which is toxic to fish at certain thresholds.
Bacteria Convert Nitrogen as Follows:
Ammonia -> Nitrite -> Nitrate (usable by plants) -> Nitrogen Gas (N2) which is 70% of our atmosphere
Okemos Shrimp Farmer
In This system, Nitrates are used by plants instead of allowed to be converted to Nitrogen Gas
Skill sets needed to be successful in Aquaculture
From AIM Roadmap Document
Can fill out an additional application to grow species not on the pre-approved list
