Introduction: Wires are essential components in electrical and electronic systems, serving diverse purposes based on their properties and applications. Here are some common types of wires used across various industries: 1. Copper Wires: Description: Single or stranded wires made of copper; excellent electrical conductivity. Applications: Electrical wiring, power transmission, electronics. 2. Aluminum Wires: Description: Conductors made of aluminum; lighter than copper wires. Applications: Overhead power lines, electrical distribution. 3. Insulated Wires: Description: Wires coated with insulating materials like PVC, rubber, or nylon. Applications: Household wiring, industrial applications. 4. Ethernet Cables: Description: Twisted-pair cables for computer networks. Applications: Data transmission, internet connectivity. 5. Coaxial Cables: Description: Cables with an inner conductor surrounded by an insulating layer and a shield. Applications: Cable television, internet connections. 6. THHN Wires: Description: Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated wires. Applications: Residential and commercial wiring, power distribution. 7. High-Temperature Wires: Description: Wires with insulation resistant to extreme temperatures. Applications: Industrial furnaces, aerospace, automotive. Conclusion: Understanding the different types of wires is crucial for selecting the appropriate wire type based on specific applications and requirements in electrical and electronic systems.

1. GL BAJAJ Group of Institutions
Mathura
“Types of Wire ”
Presented By:
1. BRAJESH KUMAR (23CSE109)
2. BINIT
Faculty:
Dr. Mandhir K Verma
Associate Professor
Head of Department,
B. Tech. 1st Year
GL BAJAJ Group of Institutions, Mathura

2. Types of Wire
1. Table of contents
2. What is a wire
3. Difference between wire and cable
4. Classification of wire
5. Classification on the basis of conducting material
6. Classification on the basis of insulation material
7. Classification on the basis of Usage
8. Classification on the basis of American Wire Gauge
9. Classification on the basis of Specialized Wires
10. Types of wire
1. Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR)
2. Tough Rubber (TIR)
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
4. Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-
coated (THHN/THWN)
5. Rubber Insulated Wires
6. High-Temperature Wires
7. 3-core wire

3. What is a Wire
• Wires are conductive strands or filaments
typically made of metals such as copper or
aluminum, designed to facilitate the
transmission of electrical current.
• The primary role of wires in electrical
systems is to conduct electricity, allowing the
movement of electrons from one point to
another.

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIRE AND CABLE
• NUMBER OF
CONDUCTOR
• CONSTRUCTION
• PURPOSE

5. Classification of Wires
• Wires can be classified based on several factors,
including their material, size, insulation, usage,
and application. Here's a breakdown of wire
classification:
• Conducting Material (e.g., Copper, Aluminum)
• Insulation Material (e.g., PVC, Rubber, Teflon)
• Usage (e.g., THHN, Romex, Ethernet)
• Size/Gauge (AWG - American Wire Gauge)
• Specialized Wires in Electrical Engineering
(Automotive Wires, Marine-grade Wires)

6. Classification on the basis of Conducting Material
Copper Wires
Solid Copper Wire: Single-strand wires
made of pure copper, used in various
electrical applications due to excellent
conductivity.
Stranded Copper Wire: Composed of
multiple thin strands of copper twisted or
braided together, providing flexibility and
used in applications where flexibility is
essential.
Aluminum Wires
Aluminum Conductors: Lightweight
and less costly compared to copper,
commonly used in overhead power
transmission lines due to their lighter
weight.

7. Copper Wires Aluminum Wires

8. Classification on the basis of Insulation Material
There are 7 types of wire on the basis of insulation of wire
PVC Insulated: Wires
PVC-insulated wires are
among the most widely
used due to their flexibility,
resistance to moisture,
chemicals, and abrasion,
and cost-effectiveness
Rubber
Insulated Wires:
Rubber-insulated
wires offer greater
heat resistance and
flexibility compared
to PVC
Silicone Insulated
Wires: Silicone-insulated
wires offer high-
temperature resistance,
flexibility, and good
electrical insulation
properties.
Teflon (PTFE)
Insulated Wires:
Teflon-insulated wires have
superior resistance to heat,
chemicals, and moisture.
Nylon Jacketed
Wires: Wires
insulated with a
layer of nylon offer
added protection
against abrasion and
mechanical damage
Fiberglass Insulated
Wires: Teflon-insulated
wires have superior
resistance to heat,
chemicals, and moisture.
XLPE Insulated Wires (Cross-
linked Polyethylene): XLPE
insulation provides excellent thermal
resistance, better electrical properties,
and resistance to abrasion and
environmental stress.

9. Classification on the basis of Insulation Material
PVC Insulated: Rubber
Insulated Wires:
Silicone Insulated
Wires:
Teflon (PTFE)
Insulated Wires:
Nylon Jacketed
Wires:
Fiberglass Insulated
Wires:
XLPE Insulated Wires (Cross-
linked Polyethylene):

10. Classification on the basis of USAGE
There are 3 types of wire on the basis of usage
Thermoplastic High Heat-
resistant Nylon-coated: THHN
wires are electrical wires with a
thermoplastic insulation (usually PVC)
for the conductor, which is then coated
with a thin layer of nylon.
Romex Cables: Romex
is a type of electrical cable
used extensively in
household electrical wiring
in the United States.
Ethernet Cables:
Ethernet cables are a type
of twisted-pair cable used
to connect devices within a
local area network (LAN)
or for internet connectivity.

11. Wire Size Classification - American Wire Gauge (AWG)
 The American Wire Gauge (AWG) system is a standardized
method used to measure the size or diameter of electrical
wires.
 It assigns a numerical value to wires based on their diameter
or cross-sectional area, with lower gauge numbers indicating
thicker wires.
 Typical AWG Sizes and Uses:
• Larger AWG numbers (e.g., 18-22) are used for low-power
applications, wiring internal components in electronics, and
low-voltage systems.
• Medium AWG sizes (e.g., 12-16) are commonly used for
household wiring, outlets, lighting, and general-purpose
electrical circuits.
• Smaller AWG numbers (e.g., 8-10 or lower) are used for
higher-power applications, such as heavy-duty appliances,
electrical panels, and power distribution.

12. Classification on the basis of Specialized Wires
There are 3 types of wire on the basis of Specialized Wires
Automotive Wires: Automotive wires are
specialized types of electrical wires
designed for use in vehicles.
Characteristics of Automotive Wires:
• Insulation and Jacketing
• Conductor Material
• Color Coding
• Durability and Flexibility
Applications –
• Electrical Systems
• Engine Compartment
Marine-grade Wires: Marine-grade wires, also
known as marine cables or boat cables, are
specialized electrical wires designed for use in
marine environments.
Characteristics of Marine-Grade Wires:
• Corrosion Resistance
• Insulation and Jacketing
• Tinned Copper Conductors
• Flexibility and Durability
Applications –
• Boat Wiring Systems
• Interior and Exterior Wiring

13. Classification on the basis of Specialized Wires
There are 3 types of wire on the basis of Specialized Wires
Automotive Wires Marine-grade Wires

14. Types of Wires
• There are many types of wire. Some of them are
mentioned below –
• Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR)
• Tough Rubber (TIR)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated
(THHN/THWN)
• Rubber Insulated Wires
• High-Temperature Wires
• 3-core wire

15. Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR)
• VIR wire stands for "Vulcanized Indian Rubber" wire. It refers to a type of electrical wire that
was commonly used in older electrical installations.
• Characteristics :
Insulation Material
Usage
• Advantages:
Good Insulation:
Flexibility:
• Disadvantages:
Deterioration Over Time
Susceptibility to Environmental Factors:

16. Trimmable Insulation Resistant(TIR)
• TIR stands for "Trimmable Insulation Resistant" wire. TIR wires are designed with an
insulation material that offers resistance to various environmental factors, providing protection
against abrasion, chemicals, oils, and other hazards.
• The term "trimmable" refers to the insulation's ability to be easily stripped or trimmed from the
wire for termination purposes during installation.
• Characteristics :
Insulation Material
Trimmable Insulation:
Benefits:
Resistance to Environmental Hazards:
Ease of Termination:
• Applications: - electrical systems and installations, including machinery, industrial
equipment, control panels,

17. Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer that finds extensive
application in various industries due to its versatile properties
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer that finds extensive
application in various industries due to its versatile properties
• Characteristics :
Insulation Material
Flexibility
Durability
Thermal Stability
Color Coding
• Applications: - Household Wiring, Commercial and Industrial Wiring, Power
Distribution, Low-Voltage Applications, Building Construction, Automotive Industry

18. Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated (THHN)
• THHN wires are widely used in electrical applications due to their durable insulation properties
and versatility.
• Characteristics :
Insulation Material
Heat Resistance
Chemical Resistance
Mechanical Strength
Flexibility
Applications: - Residential Wiring, Commercial and Industrial Applications, Power
Distribution, Indoor and Outdoor Use, Conduit Wiring

19. Rubber Insulated Wires
• Rubber insulated wires refer to electrical wires where the insulation material surrounding the
conductors is made of rubber or a rubber-like compound.
• This type of insulation offers specific properties that make it suitable for various applications.
• Characteristics :
Flexibility
Resistance to Temperature and Environmental Factors
Durability
Mechanical Strength
Electrical Insulation
Applications: - Portable Tools and Equipment, Industrial Applications, Outdoor Use,
Automotive Wiring, Low-Voltage Applications

20. High-Temperature Wires
• High-temperature wires are specifically designed and engineered to withstand elevated
temperatures without compromising their performance or integrity
• These wires feature insulation and conductor materials that can endure higher temperatures
compared to standard wires.
• Characteristics :
Flexibility
Temperature Resistance
Chemical and Abrasion Resistance
Electrical Properties
Applications: - Industrial Furnaces and Heaters, Aerospace and Aviation, Automotive
and Transportation, Appliances, Chemical and Petrochemical Industries, Power Generation,
Military and Defense

21. Quarries are
welcome

22. Thank you