1. 1.1 The apical meristem is found: a. laterally in roots and stems, b. in the tips of leaves, c. in the tips of roots and stems, d.
only in young shoots
1.2 Tissues initiating secondary growth in plants are: a. cambium and xylem, b. phellogen and phloem, c. regeneration
meristem, d. cambium and phellogen
1.3 Storage parenchyma is most abundant in: a. embryonic root, b. modified plant organs and seeds, c. aquatic plants, d.
cereal crops
1.4 Hydathodes are structures that release: a. resin, b. nectar, c. drops of water, d. water vapor
1.5 Chlorenchyma in conifers is: a. build up from homogenous living cells, b. differentiated into palisade and spongy
mesophyll, c. concentrated around leaf veins, d. concentrated at the base of the leafstalk
1.6 Mixed buds give rise to: a. flowers and leaves, b. flowers and stems, c. root and stem, d. stem and leaves
1.7 Primary growth of the stem is common in: a. woody plants, b. all of the dicots, c. stems with vascular bundles, d. young
plants
1.8 Rhizomes are: a. Modified roots, b. leaves in succulent plants, c. modified stems, d. adventitious roots
1.9 The function of stomata is: a. Releasing secretions, b. transpiration and gas exchange, c. conduction of nutrients, d. gas
exchange and protection
1.10 _________ meristematic cells give rise to new meristematic cells, while the ________ meristematic cells originate
from the previous and differentiate into tissues with a specific function: a. apical/lateral, b. main/adventitious, c.
initial/derived, d. covering/epidermal
2.1 Morphologically, there are __________ and _____________ roots; they can be distinguished by the
presence/absence of a main root.
2.2 The first layer of the central cylinder in roots is the _____________ that gives rise to the _____________
meristematic tissues, cambium and phellogen.
2.3 The principal role of ground tissues (_____________ and sclerenchyma) is largely due to their structure: the
densely arranged cells and their ______________ cell walls.
2.4 The periderm is ______________ for water and gases; the structures responsible for this function are called
____________________.
2.5 Leaf veins are actually ___________________; in angiosperms, they are ______________ and collateral.
2.6 The function of the ________________ plant organs is nutrition, growth and development. The __________
is especially important for the photosynthetic (autotrophic) function.
2.7 _________________ are regions on the stem from where leaves emerge; the regions in between are known as
_______________________.
2.8 Rhizodermis is a ___________________ tissue that covers the _____________.
2.9 The vascular tissue known as ______________ conducts _______________ from the leaves to the other parts
of the plant.
2.10 In _________________ leaves, a single lamina is present on a leafstalk, while in ________________ leaves
there are two or more laminas on a leafstalk.
A: Term Number B: Definition
1. Primary cortex Symbiotic relationship between the root of certain plants and soil fungi.
2. Storage taproot Floral leaves that provide protection
3. Parenchyma Tissue layer in the primary structure of roots and stems located between the
epidermis and the central cylinder.
4. Intercalary meristem Region of the root where the apical meristem differentiates into tissues with a
specific function.
5. Schizogenous gland Vessel elements found in the xylem that have perforated horizontal walls.
6. Sympodial branching Meristem in the nodia responsible for growth in plants.
7. Casparian strip Tissue that fills the space between other tissues.
8. Bracts Taproot with a strongly developed main root.
9. Differentiation zone Layers of secondary wood that grow annually.
10. Growth ring Group of glandular cells surrounding a cavity.
11. Mycorrhiza Thickenings of endodermal cells in roots that function in permeability.
12. Tracheae Pattern created due to the activity of axillary buds, giving rise to larger axes.
1. Define shoot, 2. State three functions of the stem!, 3. What is a tissue?, 4. What group of plants produce bark?
What is the function of bark?, 5. What type of parenchyma is common in cacti? What is the function of this type
of parenchyma?, 6. Define heterophylly.