The music of Latin America is the product of three major-influences-Indigenous, spanish-portugese and African.

2. The music of Latin
America is the
product of three major
influences
Indigenous, Spanish
Portuguese, and
African.

3. a. Andean region –
Argentina, Bolivia,
Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and
Venezuela
b. Central America –
Belize, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Panama

4. c. Carribean – Cuba,
Dominican Republic,
Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Martinique, and
Puerto Rico
d. Brazil

6. 1. Indigenous Latin-
American Music
Before the arrival of the
Spanish, Portuguese, and
other European colonizers,
the natives were found to
be using local drum and
percussion instruments

11. The indigenous music
of Latin America was
largely functional in
nature, being used for
religious worship and
ceremonies.

12. 2. Native
American/Indian Music

13. 3. Afro-Latin
American Music

14. 4. Euro-Latin
American Music

15. 5. Mixed American
Music

16. 6. Popular Latin
American Music.

18. The varied cultures developed
in Latin America gave rise to
different types of wind and
percussion instruments. As with
the African continent, their rich
history dating back thousands of
years ago with the Aztec, Maya,
and other prehistoric cultural
groups in Latin America
understandably generates their
own brands of creativity in making
music.

19. Tlapitzalli

20. The tlapitzalli is a
flute variety from the
Aztec culture made of
clay with decorations
of abstract designs or
images of their
deities.

21. Teponaztli

22. The teponaztli is a Mexican
slit drum hollowed out and
carved from a piece of
hardwood. It is then
decorated with designs in
relief or carved to
represent human figures or
animals to be used for
both religious and
recreational purposes.

23. Conch

24. The conch is a wind
instrument made from a
seashell usually of a
large sea snail. It is
prepared by cutting a
hole in its spine near the
apex, then blown into as
if it were a trumpet.

25. Rasp

26. The rasp is a hand
percussion instrument
whose sound is
produced by scraping a
group of notched sticks
with another stick,
creating a series of
rattling effects.

27. Huehueti

28. The huehueti is a Mexican
upright tubular drum used by
the Aztecs and other ancient
civilizations. It is made of
wood opened at the bottom
and standing on three legs cut
from the base, with its
stretched skin beaten by the
hand or a wooden
mallet.

29. Whistle

30. Among the Incas of South
America, two instrumental
varieties were most common:

31. Ocarina

32. The ocarina was an
ancient vessel flute
made of clay or
ceramic with four to
12 finger holes and a
mouthpiece that
projected from the
body.

33. Panpipes (Zamponas)

34. The zamponas were ancient
instruments tuned to
different scalar varieties,
played by blowing across the
tubetop. Typical models were
either in pairs or as several
bamboo tubes of different
lengths tied together to
produce graduated pitches of
sound.

35. The Andean highlands made use of
several varieties of flutes and string
instruments that
include the following:

36. Pitus

37. The pitus are
side-blown cane
flutes that are
played all year
round.

38. Wooden Tarkas

39. The tarkas are
vertical duct flutes
with a mouthpiece
similar to that of a
recorder, used
during the rainy
season.

40. Quenas

41. The quenas are
vertical cane flutes
with an end-notched
made from fragile
bamboo. They are
used during the dry
season.

42. Charango

43. The charango is a ten-stringed
Andean guitar from Bolivia. It
is the size of a ukulele
and a smaller version of the
mandolin, imitating the early
guitar and lute brought by
the Spaniards. It produces
bright sounds and is often used
in serenades in Southern
Peru.

44. Mariachi

45. The Mariachi is an
extremely popular band in
Mexico whose original
ensemble consisted
of violins, guitars, harp, and
an enormous guitarron
(acoustic bass guitar).
Trumpets were later added,
replacing the harp.