Hepatitis C Virus and Infection. History, Source and Mode of Infection, Types of infection, Factors promoting severity, Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis C, ELISA, References.

1. Hepatitis C
- Bishwash Poudel
Medical Laboratory Technologist
LABORATORY DEPARTMENT

2. Contents
01
02
03
04
05
History, Causative Agent
Introduction to Hepatitis
Structure, History , Mode of Infection
Hepatitis C Virus
Introduction, Natural History, Source of
Infection,
Hepatitis C
Acute infection, Chronic Infection, Factors
promoting Severity
Infection
History, Methods Applied, -(EIA)
Diagnosis and Serological Pattern
Bishwash Poudel
06 Conclusion, References
At the End

3. History, Distribution, Causative Agent
Bishwash Poudel
INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS

4. Hepatitis
Intro:
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the Liver Tissue.
There are 5 main Hepatitis Virus, referred to as A, B, C, D, and E.
 In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of
millions of people &, together, are the most common cause of liver
cirrhosis and cancer.
Bishwash Poudel

5. Causative Agent
• Hepatitis Virus
• Excessive Alcohol
Consumption
• CMV
• EBV
• Yellow Fever Virus
Other Infectious agents include
viruses,bacteria, and parasites
Toxins, drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol
and non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease are metabolic causes of
liver injury and inflammation
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6. HEPATITIS C VIRUS
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7. INTRODUCTION
•Member of the Hepacivirus C species
•Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of
the family Flaviviridae
• Small(60 nm), enveloped (Icosahedral core)
•The hepatitis C virus is the cause of
Hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver
cancer and lymphomas in humans.
Bishwash Poudel

8. HISTORY
 Discovered in 1989 HCV by
scientists at CDC, NIH and industry
 Previously known as non-A, non-B
hepatitis because the virus could not
be identified.
1942-1945 1989
Approximately 182,383
service members were
hospitalized for HCV
during World War II.
Drug approved interferon
alfa-2B(+Ribavirin later) ,
Screening test started
1991-1998
The CDC and Chiron
came together to identify
the hepatitisC (HCV) virus
2010-2013
Rapid Antibody Test,
New Direct-Acting Anti-Virals
(Sofosbuvir-Sovaldi, Olysio)

9. Bishwash Poudel
Injection
Drug Use
60%
Sexual
15%
Transfusion
10%
Other
(Hemodialisis;
health care
work; Perinatal)
5%
Unknown
10%
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
NOT
TRANSMITTED
VIA:
oTouching
oKissing
oCoughing
oSneezing
oSharing utensils
oBreastfeeding

10. CDC recommends you get tested HCV if-

11. Hepatitis C infection
Bishwash Poudel

12. Bishwash Poudel

13. SYMPTOMS SEEN:

14. .
Acute Infection:

15. CHRONIC INFECTION

16. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

18. ENZYME IMMUNO ASSAY (EIA)

20. TEST OUTCOME INTERPRETATION FURTHER ACTIONS
HCV antibody nonreactive No HCV antibody detected Sample can be reported as nonreactive for HCV
antibody. No further action required. If recent
exposure in person tested is suspected, test for HCV
RNA.*
HCV antibody reactive Presumptive HCV infection A repeatedly reactive result is consistent with current
HCV infection or past HCV infection that has resolved
or biologic false positivity for HCV antibody. Test
for HCV RNA to identify current infection.
HCV antibody reactive,
HCV RNA detected
Current HCV infection Provide person tested with appropriate counseling
and link person tested to care and treatment.
HCV antibody reactive,
HCV RNA not detected
No current HCV infection No further action required in most cases. If distinction
between true positivity and biologic false positivity
for HCV antibody is desired, and if sample is repeated
ly reactive in the initial test, test with another HCV
antibody assay. In certain situations, follow up with
HCV RNA testing and appropriate counseling
Source: CDC Testing for HCV infection

22. REFRENCES