Lake Chad VS Aral Sea comparison

1. Lake Chad VS Aral Sea
ENG111
Informative Speech
Name: Bipu Patowari
ID: 1812172043
Section: 14

2. Lake Chad
 Lake Chad is a vast ecosystem and a freshwater lake .
 It is located in the sahelian zone of west-central Africa at
the conjunction of chad Cameroon Nigeria and Niger.
 It is situated in an interior basin formerly occupied by a
much larger ancient sea that is sometimes called Mega
Chad.
 Historically, Lake Chad has ranked among the largest
lakes in Africa.
 During the end of the rainy season the area of the lake is
around 17000 square km.
 Lake chad is an endorheic lake fed mainly by the Logone
Chari and Komadougou watercourses.

3. Lake Chad
Climate and Hydrology:
 The climate of the Lake Chad region is strongly influenced by the seasonal migration and interaction of the
dominant air masses of the region.
 The Lake Chad drainage basin covers 8% of the African continent.
 It is a hydrologically closed drainage system in the Central Sahel region of northern Africa, characterized by a
south to north climatic gradient as a consequence of latitudinally decreasing rainfall.
 Runoff and river discharge are generated predominantly in the southern portion of the drainage basin and
transported via the Chari/Logone river system to the lake which are around 90%; the remaining coming from
the Komadugu Yobe River and precipitation on the lake surface.
 Today, it is a shallow lake, subdivided most of the time into three areas, the northern and the southern pools
separated by an east-west vegetation-covered sand barrier named ‘The Great Barrier.
 The third one located at the eastern part of the lake, named ‘The Archipelagos’ corresponds to an inland area
formed by sand dunes which are inundated according to the seasonally water inflow into the lake.

4. Lake Chad
Shrinking of Lake Chad:
 Lake Chad has shrunk by 90% since the 1960s, due to
climate change, an increase in the population and
unplanned irrigation.
 Its basin covers parts of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and
Cameroon, and has been a water source for between 20
million and 30 million people.
 But with the desert encroaching further every year, it is
getting increasingly difficult for families to make a living
through agriculture, fishing and livestock farming.
 The UN says 10.7 million people in the Lake Chad basin
need humanitarian relief to survive.

5. Aral Sea
 Aral sea was a once-largest salt water lake of central Asia
and the world’s fourth largest body of inland water.
 It connects the boundary between Kazakhstan to the north
and Uzbekistan to the south.
 Aral sea gets its water from two main rivers the Amudarya
in the southern region and Syrdarya in the northern
region.
 The water volume of Aral Sea gets balanced by a natural
equilibrium between inflow and evaporation.
 The name “ Aral Sea” somewhat translates to the sea of
islands, referring to several islands that surround their
waters.

6. Aral Sea
Climate and Hydrology:
 The Aral Sea area is characterized by a desert-continental climate that features wide-ranging daily air
temperatures, cold winters, hot summers, and sparse rainfall.
 The rate of precipitation of an annual average of 4 inches in all, occurring mainly in the spring and autumn—is only
a tiny fraction of the lake’s traditional rate of evaporation.
 Northwesterly winds prevail in autumn and winter, and westerly and southwesterly winds are common in spring
and summer.
 Until the 1960s the most-significant factors affecting the water balance of the Aral Sea were the rates of river
inflow and water loss through evaporation, which formerly took out each year about the same amount of water
that the rivers brought in.
 Over the centuries, variations in the water level exceeded 20 feet , while annual and seasonal variations of
between 10 feet and less than 1 foot or were recorded.

7. Aral Sea
Crisis of Aral Sea:
 As the Aral Sea has dried up, fisheries and the
communities that depended on them collapsed.
 The increasingly salty water became polluted with
fertilizer and pesticides.
 The blowing dust from the exposed lakebed,
contaminated with agricultural chemicals, became a
public health hazard.
 The salty dust blew off the lakebed and settled onto
fields, degrading the soil.
 Croplands had to be flushed with larger and larger
volumes of river water.
 The loss of the moderating influence of such a large
body of water made winters colder and summers hotter
and drier.

8. Lake ChadVS Aral Sea
 Lake Chad is Africa's largest freshwater lake and was once the world's
sixth largest lake, whereas the Aral Sea was once the world's fourth
largest salt water inland lake.
 Both Lake Chad and the Aral Sea are economically significant. Lake Chad
provides nearly 30 million people in four countries with water, and the
Lake Chad basin is one of the world's most important agricultural heritage
sites, providing a lifeline to nearly 30 million people in four countries.
whereas the Aral Sea Basin today remains a globally important cotton
production and export region. The local economy has been harmed by
large-scale irrigation projects that have taken too much water from the
Aral Sea. It is estimated that 40,000 to 60.000 fishermen have lost their
jobs as a result of the disaster.

9. Lake ChadVS Aral Sea
 Both of them have lost their old scenarios. Lake Chad has shrunk by 90% since
the 1960 due to climate change, an increase in the population and unplanned
irrigation. Whereas Aral sea shrunk due to soviet irrigation projects. Its area
declined by more than 50% to 30000 square from 67000 square km between
1960 and 1996. The sea level dropped by 16 meters, according to the world
bank.
 Both the lake chad and Aral sea destroyed because of the manmade disasters
to the nature. The ecosystem of lake chad was destroyed mainly as a result of
increase in the population. Whereas the ecosystem of the Aral Sea was
destroyed mainly as a result of the increased salinity as well as the testing of
weapons and other fertilizer run offs. The salinity of the water in the Aral
Sea was around 376 g by 1990 compared to the 35 g salinity of ordinary
seawater.

10. ConcludingThought

11. Thank you
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