Rotavirus details

1. ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN
BY- AKASH RAO

2. GLOBAL IMPACT OF ROTAVIRUS
INFECTIONS

3. CHARACTERS OF
ROTAVIRUS
• A rotavirus has a characteristic
wheel-like appearance when
viewed by electron microscopy
(the name rotavirus is derived
from the Latin rota, meaning
"wheel"). Rotaviruses are non
enveloped, double-shelled
viruses. The genome is
composed of 11 segments of
double-stranded RNA, which
code for six structural and five
non- structural proteins. The
virus is stable in the
environment
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4. • Rota viruses are classified
as Five species ( A- E )
• Two other species are
tentatively identified
( F and G )
CLASSIFICATION OF
ROTAVIRUSES

5. IMPORTANCE OF
ROTAVIRUSES
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• Rotaviruses are major cause of diarrheal illness
in Human infants in the world
• Adults too can get infected
• Young animals, calves, piglets can also infected
• Rotavirus infections spread easily. Outbreaks
usually occur in the winter and early spring,
between about November and April. Rotavirus
infections often spread in settings where
many children are together, such as daycare
centre.

6. STRUCTURE OF
ROTAVIRUSES
• Antigenic classification
mainly dependent on
structural protein VP6
• Group A is important
human pathogen
• Outer capsid protein VP4
and VP7 carry epitopes
important in neutralizing
antibodies
DR.T.V.RAO
MD
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7. TRANSMISSION OF
ROTAVIRUS
• Rotavirus is transmitted by the faecal-
oral route, via contact with
contaminated hands, surfaces and
objects, and possibly by the respiratory
route. The faeces of an infected person
can contain more than 10 trillion
infectious particles per gram; fewer
than 100 of these are required to
transmit infection to another person.

8. PATHOGENICITY
• They multiply in the cytoplasm of the
enterocytes and damage their transport
mechanisms.
• The Rota viral encoded particle NSP4 is a viral
enterotoxin and induces secretions by triggering a
signal transduction pathway
• Damaged cell may show into lumen of the
intestinal and release large quantities of virus
which appear in the stool.
• Viral excretion usually lasts for 2 –12 days in
otherwise healthy patients

9. Rotavirus is aViral pathogen that is
the leading cause of severe
diarrhea in children

10. IT TAKES ABOUT 2 DAYS FOR SYMPTOMS
TO ARISE AND SYMPTOMS USUALLY LAST
3-8 DAYS

12. ROTA VIRAL INFECTION IN
IMMUNOSUPPRESSED AND OTHERS
• In children with
immunodeficienes ,
Rotavirus cause severe and
prolonged disease.
• Adults seroconvert but not
manfiest with diarrhea
• However in closed wards
sever disease can occur.
• In India and China large
outbreaks of severe
gastroenteritis have
occurred

13. DIAGNOSIS OF ROTAVIRUS
INFECTIONS
• Diagnosis of infection with rotavirus normally
follows diagnosis of gastroenteritis as the cause of
severe diarrhoea. Most children admitted to
hospital with gastroenteritis are tested for rotavirus
A. Specific diagnosis of infection with rotavirus A is
made by findingthevirusinthechild’sstoolbyenzyme
immunoassay. There are several licensed test kits
on the market which are sensitive, specific and
detect all serotypes of

14. LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS
• Microscopy ( EM )
Demonstration of Virus in stool
helps in early disease
Electron Microscopy has
made the identification
simpler
DR.T.V.RAO
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15. OTHER METHODS IN
DIAGNOSIS
• Virus can be demonstrated by
IEM
• Latex agglutination tests
• ELISA can detect antibodies
and establishing raise in titers
DR.T.V.RAO
MD
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16. TREATMENT
• Treatment of Gastroenteritis is supportive
• Correction of Loss of water and electrolytes
• Failure for prompt correction of dehydration leads to
Acidosis
Shock Death
Correction Electrolyte remain the goal treatment in Rota viral
infections.
Lesser deaths if effective replacement therapy is initiated

17. THERE ARE CURRENTLYTWOVACCINES
BEING USED
-ROTATEQ : 3 DOSES AT 2, 4, & 6 MONTHS OF AGE
-ROTARIX : 2 DOSES AT 2 & 4 MONTHS OF AGE

18. • Management consists of replacement of
fluids ( ORS
) and restoration of Electrolyte
balance
• Oral rehydration Therapy is highly effective in
reducing morbidity and mortality
• Severe dehydration needs parental
administration of fluids.

19. BASIC MEASURES IN ROTA VIRAL
PREVENTION
• Keep your hands clean.
Wash hands often with
soap and warm water
after using the toilet,
diapering and before
preparing or eating
food.
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20. ThankYou !