What Does Justice Mean To You Research Paper

What Does Justice Mean To You Research Paper
What Does Justice Mean to You? To me justice means treating everybody fairly. Giving everybody the same rights and privileges no matter what race,
gender, or walk of life. This can be very difficult sometimes because circumstances in the situation are almost always going to be different in some
way. According to ( findlaw.com)justice is the notion that is based on the concept of moral rightness that incorporates varying perspectives on
fairness, ethics, rationality, religion, and law. I am sure everybody has heard the saying life isn't fair and that is a true statement. No matter how hard
the justice system tries to make things as fair as possible there will always be somebody who dislikes it. I guess you really can't please everybody. The
...show more content...
Over eighty percent of the hearings in this court are civil cases. These are typically things like child custody, personal injury, and automobile
collisions. The most common civil cases are things such as speeding tickets and other traffic violations. Most people would assume that traffic
violations would be considered criminal but since you can't be imprisoned for them they are considered civil. Criminal cases involve things with
more serious issues like robbery, murder, or drunk driving (findlaw.com). An Appellate court deals with cases where a superior court has already
rendered a verdict and the losing party is not happy and chooses to appeal it. Most appeals are final but sometimes the case is passed on to the
Appellate court. They can then be appealed again and passed on to the Supreme court (findlaw.com). The Supreme court is the highest court in the
court system. The Supreme court has the final say in major cases. This court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight
associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. This is the most powerful court in the United States
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Social Justice Essay
What is social justice and how does it relate to liberation theology? How do sin, love, grace, and human freedom affect social justice? What restricts
freedom and social justice? And how does all of this play a role in the Kingdom of God?
Social justice is a concept of a society in which every human being is treated justly, without discrimination based on financial status, race, gender,
ethnicity, etc. Grace is a gift from God that we don't deserve, which helps us choose the good, therefore it promotes social justice. On the other hand,
sin, which can be regarded as a lack of love and care for "others," distances us from social justice. Therefore, love and grace are essential aspects of
social justice and without them there could be...show more content...
For example, most laws promote an "eye–for–an–eye" type of legal system. This encourages people to retaliate or "get even" with others, which is
seen so often in America's lawsuit–happy citizens. This is obviously in contradiction to the ends of social justice, which promote love and brotherhood.
Social justice is not an "us versus them" mentality; rather it is a "were in it together" mentality where the powerful and powerless work together.
Obviously those who are in need are the poor and oppressed: women, African–Americans, Jews, Latin Americans, etc. However, due to the fact that
these people are in these oppressive situations, they gain insight into the injustices that surround them specifically, and society in general. Although
they are made poor by those in power and the structures, institutions, and organizations run by those in power, they still possess "strength to resist,
capacity to understand their rights, [and the ability] to organize themselves and transform a subhuman situation (Boff, 1)". The poor and oppressed are
held above the rich and powerful, in other words are given preferential treatment. Due to their oppression in life,

Definition Essay: What Is Justice?
Justice When I first read this assignment, I wasn't sure how to start. What is justice seems like a straightforward question but I found trying to
answer it wasn't. Justice might be better thought of as a general statement in this case "a theory about how best to allocate the benefits and burdens
of society among its individuals" (Hinman, pg. 362). This definition has a lot of words but really doesn't put it in terms what we can identify with
today. When someone thinks of justice, they look at how they are treated. Justice can also be thought of as "fairness that refers to the treatment of a
person regardless of race, gender, age, or social or economic differences" (Nugent & Jones, pg. 17). Now that we have some real world context of what

Restorative Justice Essay
Restorative justice is an innovative approach to the criminal justice system that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crimes committed. The
methods used in the conventional justice system may deter the offender from committing further crimes, but it does neither repair the harm caused, nor
help them acknowledge their responsibility, instead it stigmatises them, worsening the situation instead of improving it (Johnstone 2003).
"Stigmatisation is the kind of shaming that creates outcasts; it is disrespectful, humiliating" (p.85). It breaks the moral bonds between offender and
community and can result in the creation of a destructive cycle that may result in fear and isolation. The shaming by stigmatisation creates a negative
effect which...show more content...
Procedural Justice Theory basis itself on the perception of respect and fairness for the offender, thus, the reason why conferences are used, they
emphasise communication and offer support to both, the offender and the victim.
Unacknowledged Shame Theory is seen in a perspective that shame can cause a destructive emotion and can promote crime instead of preventing it if it
is not managed positively. By using apology in return for forgiveness symbolises that reparation can commence (Braithwaite, 2004).
Defiance Theory is when the offender feels powerless and believes he/she will be humiliated. The experience of being exposed to disapproval of their
behaviour may provoke some levels of deviance, however, as the session progresses and the offender expresses his/hers feelings, empathy develops
between the parties, the environment becomes more reconciliatory, thus reducing deviance.
James Dignan's concepts related to offenders, but mostly, related to victims. In his work "The victim in restorative justice" (2007), he argues that
restorative justice "has a tendency to focus primarily on offenders and reconviction rates rather than on victim–related concerns" (p.309). Dignan goes
on explaining that only after Braithwaite's theory became more developed in Australia and New Zealand, the role of victims became clearer (Dignan,
2007). He says that there are beneficial distinctions between reciprocal benefits and one–sided benefits, depending on the interaction of the

The Concept of Justice – A Critical Analysis
Introduction
Justice is not a contemporary notion that came into existence through a legal system. It is a notion that is deep rooted in the history of civilization. In
other words justice is a broad concept and each person has his or her perspective as to what justice really is and they have their own premises on which
they base their ideology. Many scholars have dome commendable work on this topic and have devised various definition of justice.
Ancient Philosophers
Plato often criticized the conventional theories of justice and he came up with a definition that "justice is a human virtue that makes a person
self–consistent and good. In a societal set up, justice is a social consciousness that makes...show more content...
During this time justice was closely related to politics. In other words, whatever the King decided was equivalent to justice. At that time there was only
monarchy system of government and hence King was the epitome of supremacy.
1 D.R. Bhandari, Plato's Concept of Justice: An Analysis, J.N.V. University, (July 8,
2017, 12:19 PM) https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciBhan.htm Medieval Philosophers
When we hit the medieval period then a philosopher named
Augustine developed another definition of justice. In his words
"the cardinal virtue of justice requires that we try to give all people their due."2
Another medieval philosopher, Aquinas, came up with a definition that "justice is that rational mean between opposite sorts of injustice, involving
proportional distributions and reciprocal transactions."3
In my understanding, this era marked the beginning of inequality between social as well as economic classes and thus a new approach to justice was
required than mere fairness and morality. They took the foundation as morality,ethics, fairness and equity and added more elements to this

What is Justice? Essay examples
What is Justice?
Justice, for the great Greek philosophers of ancient times and even for the great philosophers of today, is a controversial issue and has been up for
immense discussion and review. The nature of justice and injustice has been stated and reviewed many times, however, the origin of the reviewing
comes from the Greek Thrasymachus, who's thesis is later reviewed and modified by Glaucon. Glaucon's position is revised yet again by Thomas
Hobbes, who's version is now the accepted form of explanation for the origin of justice and injustice. Although there are various examples for the
origin and nature of justice and injustice provided by these three men, I will provide supporting examples for the conclusion that the thesis...show more
content...
He concludes that justice is high–minded innocence as injustice is good counsel, stating the way of the unjust is better. (338d–44c) Glaucon follows
with his thesis stating that justice is good solely as means but not in itself. Glaucon wants Socrates to prove to him how it can be good both as
means and in itself. Glaucon says that no one is willingly just, but rather compelled to act justly caused by nature, while they try to better
themselves, ultimately saying that the life of the unjust is also better. Glaucon's argument contains three parts; justice being good in itself, purely as
means, the third dealing with its goodness for both reasons. Glaucon says that justice is a mean between doing what is best; which is doing
injustice without paying the penalty and suffering injustice without being able to avenge oneself. Therefore, justice is not cared for because it is
good, however, it is honored due to a want of vigor in doing injustice. He makes a second point on why people are unwillingly just, saying that the
only reason the just are just is because they follow the rules and are afraid of being caught. However, if such a person were invisible and free to do
whatever he or she wished, then they too would be unjust. Why would a person incapable of being caught by authorities be just? This is the question
that Glaucon

To What Extent Does the Law Achieve Justice
To what extent does the law achieve justice?
The literal meaning of justice is 'the quality of being morally right and fair' but there are various theories which can be considered and compared since
they all define justice in a different way.
Formal and concrete would need to be considered. Formal justice is concerned with the methods and procedures in place for decision making and
allocating goods and services. It can be said that as long as procedures are fair and everyone has an equal chance to get access to the law, the system
can be seen as being formally just. However this could lead to injustice such as before the case of R v R if a judge was to follow formal justice, it
would mean that married women would not have the same...show more content...
Nozick's theory of justice was not achieved since the interference was not kept as a minimal.
Utilitarianism was a theory of justice that was developed by Jeremy Bentham and later on modified by John Stuart Mill which said that justice is
achieved when there's the greatest happiness for the greatest number. In the case of R v Brown & others, the defendants were not given the
defence of

What Is Justice? Plato 's Republic
What is justice? In Plato's Republic, this question is asked between Socrates and other conversationalists. In the beginning of this work, many different
definitions of justice are debated. However, to provide clarity, Socrates proposes that, instead of discussing what justice is, they should apply the term
holistically and try to imagine justice in an "ideal city." From this, the city of Kallipolis was created. Prior to Kallipolis being thought of, the idea of
the first city, or the "City of Pigs" was created. It was in this city that the Principle of Separation came to life. The Principle of Separation is the idea
that societies are formed for a particular purpose. Plato believed that, no single person working alone can fulfill an entire society's needs. For a
society to succeed, the responsibilities must be separated and specialized, "each person does one thing for which he is naturally suited and does it at
the opportune moment, because his time is freed from all others" (textbook page 101). For example, one man making all of the shoes, one woman
growing all of the vegetables, etc. This provides the key to developing a worthwhile society. Everyone is so busy doing their own tasks that they do
not have time for conflict. For Plato, no conflict also meant no need for justice–eliminating the question of "what is justice?" altogether. Developing the
idea of separation even further, the city of pigs, by request of Glaucon, is transformed into the luxurious city, or the

Definition Essay On Justice
What is justice? In our world today, justice has endless meanings and is very controversial. It seems like such a simple question, but is it? To me,
justice has a couple of different meanings, but in the end, they relate back to each other with two simple words, fairness and revenge. When it comes to
justice, being punished for a crime that was committed is an acceptable definition, but it can branch out and, have many factors, like meaning
satisfaction, and balancing your actions with your consequences. I believe all three definitions relate to justice, and some people may believe other
things, so here's what I think.
I think one of the many definitions of justice is being punished for a crime that you have committed. For example, how Cole had to spend a year
alone on an island because he beat up Peter. Cole is...show more content...
First of all, when Cole robbed a store and assaulted Peter, Peter and his family wanted him in jail. They wanted justice for what Cole had done. He
simply deserved to pay for assaulting Peter. They wanted things to be fair and just, and for themselves to be satisfied. They wanted him in jail so that
they could get justice. Being satisfied is about your own well being, and not as much about others. Additionally, When Cole carves a spear and attacks
the spirit bear, he tries to show that he is more powerful. Cole wants justice, or to be satisfied, and he wants to show the bear that he's the strongest
thing on the island because that's all he's used to. He's used to everyone being scared of him, and he doesn't care what anyone else thinks. He tries to
prove that he's the strongest thing on the island, to get justice, but he fails. It annoys him because there are numerous things on the island that he
couldn't defeat, but that's not what he's used to. Furthermore, he wants justice and fairness, and that brings me to my next topic, Fairness and

What Does Justice Mean To You Essay
As I have begun to read and think about this topic, I have realized that I do not have a strong grip on what justice means. I have looked up the
dictionary definitions, found the word itself used in many a context, and from individuals from varying social, cultural, and religious
backgrounds. So what I have found so far is justice is fairness or has something to do with fairness. So fairness is the idea that there is a system of
checks and balances within each of us. The definition of "Fair" is based on rightness or the fact that something either is or is not acceptable. So
then if I treat you in a way that you and I deem right, or at least acceptable, then I am a fair person. Ok so what is Justice; "The justice system is
failing us," this is a common belief of some in the US today. I have even found myself saying it. "What exactly is justice? And why is it failing us?"
As a citizen of the United States too often I see people seek revenge and then calling it justice....show more content...
The driving force behind revenge is to get even, or to achieve what might be described as personal justice. If successful, the party perceiving itself as
injured experiences gratification: their retaliatory goal has been achieved and the other side brought to its knees. Just or not, they now feel justified.
Their quest for revenge empowered them and, from their slanted viewpoint, it's something they're entitled to. This is the Social Justice; this forcing
someone to acknowledge you regardless of their beliefs this isn't the justice that is supposed to be impartial, blind without

Definition Essay On Justice
Justice What is justice? Individual throughout society have their own distinctive explanation of justice. Justice is a word in which to every person, it
has a different meaning. Although "Justice" has a list of meanings it can somewhat be defined. Justice is when everyone has the same shot at getting a
fair outcome. Having equal respect to each other no matter the type of race. Justice is doing what is right even when no one is watching. Having
appropriate treatment or decision without being judge. Also justice could mean judgement that involves fairness in terms of reward and
punishments. Everyone have fair justice no matter of race or religion. Many people don't get justice for their love ones just because of race.
Individual these day go through a lot of injustices because of their skin color. Most color people rights are being violated in front of a judge and out in
the real world. Justice is being able to have a fair trial in front of a judge or a law enforcement. Having rights to have a lawyer and be heard. Justice
Some people believe justice is something higher than a society's legal system. Religion always been bound up with questions of justice and
injustice. Most believer consider the god of justice in he should be the one to determine everyone what is just and unjust. The people who believe in
religion see justice different and always differs from the non believers. Accountability to God and the religion must be whether serving justice and
peace for all. Since humans all created and in equal need of justice and peace for their well being. Justice has rules just like religions have most of the
same rules. Most religions punish the wrong doing as justice system should punish the wrong doing and give justice to who deserve it. Justice should
be looked through both perspective religion and social justice, just because it will help determine the right punishment and

The Definition of Justice Essay
The Republic by Plato examines many aspects of the human condition. In this piece of writing Plato reveals the sentiments of Socrates as they define
how humans function and interact with one another. He even more closely Socrates looks at morality and the values individuals hold most important.
One value looked at by Socrates and his colleagues is the principle of justice. Multiple definitions of justice are given and Socrates analyzes the merit
of each. As the group defines justice they show how self–interest shapes the progression of their arguments and contributes to the definition of justice.
The topic of justice first comes about through a conversation between Socrates and Cephalus. The two are reflecting upon their old age,...show more
content...
Socrates then tries to refute this by examining Polemarchus' thought processes. He asks the question of how one can tell if someone is good or bad,
as well as how can a just man do harm to another. The two agree that Polemarchus' views do not truly define justice.
The debate moves on as Thrasymachus tries to define justice. Thrasymachus makes two critical points in his argument. He first says that justice is
the advantage of the stronger. Thus the rulers govern on their own behalf. However Socrates shows that in fact the rulers are at the mercy of their
subjects and make decisions that can be good or bad for the people and it is the right of the people to follow these actions or not. He states that "no
knowledge considers or prescribes for the advantage of the stronger, but for that of the weaker, which it rules." [342d]
At this point Thrasymachus gets angered by Socrates exactness. In his anger he states that injustice is more profitable than justice. He defends this by
saying that people condemn injustice for the simple fact that they don't want to suffer from it. This fear of injustice shows that it is more advantageous
than injustice. Socrates counters this by looking at the capabilities of an unjust city. He shows that an unjust city could

Essay on The Importance of Justice in Society
The Importance of Justice in Society
One component of the definition of justice is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby justice is distributed by the State. According to this
definition, justice is the mechanical process of the structure of law – set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is
concerned with the value inherent in 'just' behavior. One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint
and the larger view of the society. Either view incorporates the concept of moral judgment; 'good' as opposed to 'bad.'
Man has recognized the importance of justice in his society since the earliest of times. In order to serve justice, there has to...show more content...
Is justice absolute or relative? Given the extreme situation the perpetrators where in, are they innocent or guilty? I found Judge Keen was the only
judge implementing the criminal justice system as it should be. The other judge's involvement in the case was like this: Truepenny cannot handle it;
Foster is saying since they were in a "state of nature" then they should be dismissed; Tatting is confused and too emotionally involved; and Handy
wants the masses to react to the case and make a circus out of it. This fictional case shows the divergent views of judges who work under the same
judicial system and have different philosophical approaches to capital punishment, which ,in this case, is death. The case truly represents the daily
struggle in the American legal system which is really an adversarial system of law. To refer to a justice system as a system, there must be fixed
principles of justice which all the officers of the law must follow. Without due process, the system of justice would lack fairness and would fail to
represent society's judgment as to an individual's guilt or innocence.2
The morality of capital punishment causes heated debate whenever there is an execution. Many people believe that the death sentence discourages
those who might commit horrible crimes. To these people, since life is precious, the death penalty helps to affirm this fact. Others believe a civilized

Essay Justice
Justice
Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable.
Justice is usually decided by society or the "norm." The "norm" changes from one society to another. However, there are always
laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and
criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes about right and wrong.
Criminal justice is a term that refers to the area of social laws which a group of people deem valuable in order for the day–to–day mechanics of society
to function. When these laws are broken, the...show more content...
No matter what verdict would have been handed–down, someone, somewhere would have been unsatisfied. If Shively were sentenced to be executed,
then his family and friends would have had to fight for justice until the day he died. As the verdict of "not guilty" arrived,
Paterson's family, many police officers, and friends of the family cried for justice. Yet, justice had been served.
Equal and satisfying justice has always been a problem. On May 30, 1939 a group of Texas Rangers decided to ambush and murder two people they
wanted to destroy. They shot seventy five bullets into a man named Clyde and fifty four deadly bullets into a young lady named Bonnie. Of course,
this is the famous story of the outlaw couple, Bonnie and Clyde. This action branched across the guaranteed right to due process. Another incident of
the criminal justice's injustices occurred when the ATF decided to arrest David Koresh and his followers. We know how this story ends. The ATF was
the reason that many people died and was probably the cause of the Oklahoma City bombing.
A more recent incident is one that was taped by a helicopter. A group of illegal Mexican immigrants were trying to get to the land of freedom and
justice for all. After arriving they were hunted down by the border patrol in
California. After the border patrol caught them they beat them up. This group of Mexicans were beat up for attempting to

What Is Criminal Justice Essay
I believe that criminal justice is all about dealing with sustaining the law involving police, lawyers, courts, and corrections. Criminal Justice in my
substantial belief is all about a system that's brought up by law for bringing the people in society to justice. Criminal Justice is all about bringing the
criminal up and conducting what must be done to uphold justice to the people. Criminal Justice is distinct from criminal law, which I believe defines
the specific behaviors that are forbidden by and punishable under law. Criminal Justice begins when a crime is reported to the police or when a police
officer discovers that a crime has been committed. Criminal Justice also has to do with the control of criminal behavior. Criminal Justice objective
When you think about police officer what do you know about them, are they law enforcement or criminal justice? Well if you ask me, I believe, in
my opinion that a police officer is a person that focuses on protecting the people and bring forth criminals that break the law. Police officers are in
charge of enforcing laws within their city. If you go to a neighboring city, say like Chicago, that city has its own police force. Police officers are
often charged with the criminals and detection of crime, protection and assistance of the public. Police officers are normally sworn with an oath,
and have the power to arrest people and detain them for a limited time, along with other duties and powers. Some police officers may have special
duties, for example, such as law enforcement. The reason why they play apart in law enforcement is because police officers are those who are
empowered by the government to enforce the laws. Police officers play a certain central role in the law enforcement system, like monitoring criminal
activity. Police officers when they first get their job they have one job that they have to do every day, which is to serve and protect the citizens of

Socrates What Is Justice
Reading Plato's works, you often find the story revolving around a central question. In previous books it has been asked, "What is piety?" or "What is
virtue?" and our answers are the result of a bunch of simple unknowingness. In The Republic Book l, our central question is, "What is justice?" Much
like previous discussions of Socrates, they often find themselves in a whirlpool of confusion and absent answers. First, Cephalus answers that justice is
to be honest, or to live up to your legal obligations. However, Socrates disputes this idea, and uses counterarguments of armed "madmen" to help. I feel
as though this relates to a recent controversial issue in politics, the idea of gun laws, and whether citizens have a right to carry, and to what

Socrates Definition Of Justice Essay
Justice
"What is justice?" This is a question that men have struggled with answering for centuries. Justice should be defined for the sake of all people,
especially by rulers who attempt to make fair laws so that their society functions in an orderly fashion. In Book 1 of The Republic, Plato attempts to
define exactly what justice is. To help determine this definition, he speaks through the philosopher protagonist of Socrates. Justice is first brought up in
The Republic during Socrates' trip to Piraeus. While traveling Socrates ends up gathering with his interlocutors and together, they talk about justice and
how one would define it. Socrates debates with the men about the definition of justice and is presented with a definition of...show more content...
The Republic presents two very different views of justice as argued by two skilled thinkers. The beginning of the discussion starts off with
Thrasymachus explaining what exactly he believes justice is; "justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger." (338c) Although
Thrasymachus' definition is clear, Socrates attempts to spite him by using a wild comparison, by saying "If Polydamamas, the pancratiast, is stronger
than we are and beef is advantageous for his body, then this food is also advantageous and just for us who are weaker than he is." (338c) This
statement from Socrates disgusts Thrasymachus because Thrasymachus was simply referring to "stronger" in the sense of being a ruler, not strong in
the sense of being physically larger. To counter Socrates, Thrasymachus explains how different societies are ruled throughout the world whether it be
tyrannically, democratically, or otherwise, and how the rulers, those who are strongest, are the ones who make the laws and they do so to their
advantage. Thrasymachus establishes this by saying how, "Ademocracy sets down democratic laws; a tyranny, tyrannic laws; and the others do the
same." (338e) It is clear from this line of reasoning that Thrasymachus has a solid position that justice is, rightly or wrongly, the enforcement of the
rule of law as dictated by the "strong leaders" that make the law.
Socrates attempts to disprove Thrasymachus' definition of

For my research paper I decided to observe at the North Justice Center in Fullerton, CA for the morning session. My goal entering there was to watch
the process of a criminal trial since I felt that would be the most interesting and would allow me the opportunity to witness all the working parts of our
justice system in action. While waiting for the criminal trial to open its doors and start, I managed to come across a post– arraignment court, where I
was able to watch a different side of our criminal justice system. This is the side that enforces the punishment and makes sure that restitution is paid for
whatever crime was committed. By far the most interesting thing I took from this experience was the differences in how the judges...show more
content...
These are cases that the court reviews the progress of the defendant in the program that they are in or they show proof that they are enrolled in a
community service program. These cases are reviewed as a way for the court to check– up on the defendant in order to make sure that they are
complying with their agreement. The last set of cases that the court reviews are probation violations, these are defendants that have in most cases
stopped paying their fines because they are hard to pay or were unable to finish their community service programs.
"Social Institutions are organized for securing conformity to established modes of behavior and consist of established procedures for satisfying human
needs" (Vago 198). Since social institutions, such as the court, are responsible for securing conformity to what criminologist would say the
"conventional" law–abiding lifestyle, they must do so by using some type of formal social controls and punishment(s). This type of control works
primarily because through "the use or threat of punishment to regulate the behavior of citizens" people conform to societal social norm (Vago 198).
The social importance of post–arraignment court is that it is the reinforcement for those punishments issued by the DA for that individual. If that
individual cannot deliver on the agreement that they made with the court then additional punishments can be added on. For example, in the case of
Rios, he had to do over 10 days of community service

Essay on Justice
Essay on Justice
'Justice is such an elusive concept that it hardly seems worthwhile for a legal system to strive to achieve it'.
Justice is something that we all want from a Law and believe should be an integral part in any legal system. However, the meaning of Justice is very
difficult to define. There are many aspects of justice that we may question about; i.e. is a particular law just? Is the legal system just? Much of the
issue of justice is very controversial and raises questions such as whether the combination of Law and system produce a just result? Justice has a
definition as follows: 'The quality of being just or fair, the act of determining rights and assigning rewards or...show more content...
The logical extension of this view is that the Legal rules of a country can be broken if they do not conform to moral Laws, a view that was
favoured by St. Thomas Aquinas. This theory of Natural Law can be contrasted with Positivism. Natural lawyers conflict with positivist thinkers
who believe that if the Law is made according to correct procedure, then it should be followed however much it conflicts with morality. Positivists
like Kelsen argue that Law and morality are entirely separate concepts, and believes that justice is abstract, therefore it is has no concept in Law.
Kelsen also argued that the concept of justice is too vague to be defined and that even if law is immoral, it still should be followed. Austin's view
stems from the positivist argument that Law is Law because of sovereignty and procedures. Professor Hart also considers law and morality to be
separate. He believed that Law should be based on logical ideas that produce correct decisions from the rules. Durkheim, a sociologist, took the view
that society is held together 'a cohesion' and that the Law is an integral part of making these structures work. Kelsen's theory can be contrasted to LL
Fuller who favours the natural Law theory. Fuller took the example of the Nazi Law and condemned with their Legal system. He argued that Nazi
Law was not Law at all as it was so fundamentally unjust.

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