Mediastinum

1. Mediastinum
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2. TS: Mediastinum
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3. CS: Mediastinum
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4. Mediastinum: Lateral view
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5. Divisions of Mediastinum
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7. • Partsof mediastnumona chest xray
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8. Superior Mediastinum
Boundaries
Ant: Manubrium sterni
Post: T-1 to T-4
Sides: Mediastinal pleura
Sup: Plane of thoracic inlet
Inf: Imaginary line joining
sternal angle and lower
border T-4
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9. Superior Mediastinum
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10. SUP & MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
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11. Superior Mediastinum: Contents:
M uscles:
•
•
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
• Longus colli
Thymus: (in childhood &
puberty)
Veins:
•
•
SVC
Lt & Rt brachiocephalic
veins,
• Lt Sup Intercostal vein
Arteries:
•
•
•
•
Arch of Aorta
Brachiocepalic artery
Lt Common carotid
Lt subclavian artery
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trachea & Esophagus
Nerves:
Vagus
Phrenic
Cardiac &
Lt recurrent laryngeal
nerve (b/w trachea &
oesophagus)
Thoracic Duct
Lymph nodes:
Brachiocephalic,
Tracheobronchial,
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12. SECTION at T-4
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13. Anterior Mediastinum-(narrowest)
Boundaries
Ant:
Post:
Body of sternum
Pericardium
Sides: Mediastinal pleura
Sup:
Inf:
Imaginary plane
Diaphragm
Contents
•
•
•
Thymus (in children)
Sternopericardial lig.
Internal thoracic artery &
branches
Lymphatics & Lymph nodes
•
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14. Middle Mediastinum: Boundaries
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15. Middle Mediastinum
Contents:
Heart enclosed in pericardium
Arteries: Ascending Aorta,
Pulmonary trunk with its Lt &
Rt branches
Veins: SVC, Termination of Azygos,
Pulmonary veins
Nerves: Phrenic, Deep cardiac plexus
Bifurcation of Trachea with
two principal bronchi
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes
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Posterior Mediastinum
Boundaries:
Ant. Pericardium, Bifurcation of
trachea
Post. T5 to T12
sup. Transverse thor plane
Inf. diaphragm
Sides: Mediastinal pleura

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18. Posterior Mediastinum
Contents:
Oesophagus
Arteries
• Descending Aorta with its
brs
Veins
•
•
•
Azygos
Hemizyg os
Accessory hemizygos
Nerves:
•
•
Vagus
Splanchnic nerves
Thoracic duct
lymph nodes
• Posterior mediastinal
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Applied Anatomy:
Mediastinitis
F r o m infections of neck
Pus under prevertebral fascia reach
till T4 only, not beyond it, as PV fascia
is attached here
P u s b/w pretracheal and prevertebral
fascia seeps through sup.
Mediastinum to reach post.
Mediastinum
I n front of pretracheal fascia to
a
n
tmediastinum

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21. Mediastinalsyndrome-
•Engorgmentof veins
•Dyspnea
•Dysphagia
•Hoarsenessof voice
Mediastinal w
i
d
e
n
i
n
g
Mediasinal shift
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23. THANK YOU
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