1. The Manjung coal-fired power plant, sponsored by Tenaga Janamanjung, is located on a man-
made island off the coast of Perak in Malaysia. It generates 2,100MW from its three 700MW
units.
The plant is located 4.5m above sea level, making coal imports easier. Construction began in
September 1999 and the three 700MW units became operational in 2004.
The project suffered some delay as a result of the 1997/98 Asian economic crisis. It was
completed at a cost of about $1.8bn.
The plant was built to meet the 80% electricity demand of Malaysia on natural gas. The three
700MW units, with a rotating speed of 3,000rpm, use clean coal combustion technology and
environmental control systems provided by Alstom to cut down emission levels.
Manjung coal-fired power plant make-up
"Tenaga Nasional Berhad's subsidiary, TNB Janamanjung, was originally the sole owner of the
plant. In August 1999, the Perak state government announced it would take a 20% stake."
The island on which the site is located is off the coast of Perak. The land was reclaimed between
September 1997 and May 1999, which meant ABB could start construction in July 1999.
A consortium formed by ABB Alstom Power Plants and Peremba Construction was selected as
the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor for the project. ABB Alstom
owns 75%, while the Malaysian Peremba owns the rest.
Lekir Bulk Terminal (LBT) built a terminal to offload the six million tons of coal the plant should
use each year. The jetty serves vessels of as much as 150,000t. The plant was built on 254ha of
the total 320ha of reclaimed land on the island. Of the 254ha, 70ha was for the power plant and
175ha for the ash pond. The rest was used for the terminal facilities.
Leighton Asia designed and constructed the jetty, which was completed in September 2002. The
estimated cost was RM310 million (€93m).
ABB Alstom Power supplied the main equipment. It included the boilers, steam turbines and
generators. Peremba was concerned with the erection, the civil works elements and the main
electrical and I&C equipment.
The plant's transmission link to the Malaysian mainland was provided by ABB. Bachy Soletanche
Malaysia designed an alternative construction for the pump house, as the original design proved
too costly (the design was greatly complicated by the geology of the site). The coal yard
equipment was supplied by Koch.
Project finances, bank loans and TNB's agreement with the state of Perak
The plant's cost was eventually estimated at $1.8bn, up from the original estimate of $1.3bn.
The main reason was the adverse change in the exchange rate. Roughly 30% of the cost came
from equity financing.
"The project suffered some delay as a result of the 1997/98 Asian economic crisis. It was
completed at a cost of about $1.8bn."
The rest came from various forms of borrowing, including export credit. A major element in the
deal was a $684m loan from HSBC's Midland Bank subsidiary. The HSBC loan was underwritten
by the UK's export credit guarantee agency. The French export credit insurer COFACE was also
involved.
Tenaga Nasional Berhad's subsidiary, TNB Janamanjung, was originally the sole owner of the
plant. In August 1999, the Perak state government announced it would take a 20% stake. TNB
was happy with the proposal as the company had a long-term strategy of reducing its power
generation exposure to focus on transmission and distribution.
Pollution issues for Tenaga Janamanjung's Malaysian facility

2. The plant uses low sulphur and low bitumen coal (pulverised for burning) to minimise pollution.
The resulting ash is valuable for the cement industry, while most of the ash is caught by
electrostatic precipitators. Dust control is also an important feature (the conveyor belt is
covered and sprinkler systems remove up to 99.9%).
The plant has a wastewater treatment facility to treat its effluent before it is released into the
sea. The plant also helps in reinvigorating decayed mangrove swamps in the area.
The plant exceeds the emission standards set by the World Bank in Malaysia. It operates to
particulate levels of 50mg/Nm³ while the expected ASEAN level is 400mg/Nm³. It uses low NOx
burners and a flue gas desulpherisation facility, to keep NOx and SOx emissions low.