Alcohol and Tobacco CHAPTER 12 * Chapter 12 Alcohol and Tobacco Learning Outcomes:Describe the impact of alcohol misuse among college students, and define binge drinkingDefine a standard drinkDescribe the symptoms of alcohol poisoning, and state what you should do if someone exhibits any of the symptomsEvaluate your drinking habits and list any health risks you are taking Chapter 12 Alcohol and Tobacco Learning Outcomes (continued):Describe some of the tobacco-control policies on college campusesList the health effects of smoking tobacco or using smokeless tobaccoDiscuss several recommended ways to quit smokingDescribe the health effects of environmental or secondhand tobacco smokeAssess the health risks you may have experienced as a result of your own or others’ use of tobacco Why Students Drink Common Influences Social norms Participation in Sports Party Schools Coping Living Arrangements Parental approval Celebrations First-year transition High Risk Drinking High Risk Drinking: binge drinking: man – 5 or more drinks; woman – 4 or more drinks at single sitting pre-drinking: consuming alcoholic beverages before going to bars or parties underage drinking: drinking with disordered eating: consumption of caffeinated alcoholic drinks Risks & Consequences of DrinkingAtypical BehaviorAcademic ProblemsRisky Sexual BehaviorSexual AssaultUnintentional InjuryConsequences after collegeIllness and death Consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short amount of time increases the risks & consequences even more Alcohol Standard drink – equivalent to ½ oz. of 100% ethyl alcohol 12oz bottle/can of 5% alcohol beerOne glass (4-5oz) of wine (12% alcohol)One small glass (2 ½ oz) of fortified wine( 20%)One shot (10z) of distilled spirits (50%) Factors affecting BAC How much and how quickly you drink What you’re drinking Your size Your age Your gender Your race Other drugs Expectations Family history Tolerance Eating Stress/Fatigue Alcohol Poisoning – Know the signsMental confusion, stupor, coma, or person cannot be rousedVomitingSeizureSlow breathing (<8 breaths/min)Irregular breathing ( 10s+ between breaths)Hypothermia This is a medical emergency - seek help immediately – Call 911 Acute and Long-term Effects of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Problems Alcohol abuse: continued use of alcohol despite awareness of social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems related to drinking or drinking in dangerous ways or situations Alcohol dependence: development of a strong craving for alcohol because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress Alcoholism: a chronic, progressive, potentially fatal disease characterized by impaired control of drinking, a preoccupation with alcohol, continued use despite adverse consequences Why People Start SmokingLimited EducationUnderestimation of RisksAdolescent Experimentation and RebellionStressParent Role ModelsAddictionGeneticsWe ...

1. Alcohol and Tobacco
CHAPTER 12
*
Chapter 12
Alcohol and Tobacco
Learning Outcomes:Describe the impact of alcohol misuse
among college students, and define binge drinkingDefine a
standard drinkDescribe the symptoms of alcohol poisoning, and
state what you should do if someone exhibits any of the
symptomsEvaluate your drinking habits and list any health risks
you are taking
Chapter 12
Alcohol and Tobacco
Learning Outcomes (continued):Describe some of the tobacco-
control
policies on college campusesList the health effects of
smoking

2. tobacco or using smokeless tobaccoDiscuss several
recommended ways
to quit smokingDescribe the health effects of environmental
or secondhand tobacco smokeAssess the health risks you may
have experienced as a result of your own or others’ use of
tobacco
Why Students Drink
Common Influences
Social norms Participation in Sports
Party Schools Coping
Living Arrangements Parental approval
Celebrations First-year transition
High Risk Drinking
High Risk Drinking:
binge drinking: man – 5 or more drinks; woman – 4 or more
drinks at single sitting
pre-drinking: consuming alcoholic beverages before going to
bars or parties
underage drinking:
drinking with disordered eating:
consumption of caffeinated alcoholic drinks

3. Risks & Consequences of DrinkingAtypical BehaviorAcademic
ProblemsRisky Sexual BehaviorSexual AssaultUnintentional
InjuryConsequences after collegeIllness and death
Consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short amount of
time increases the risks & consequences even more
Alcohol Standard drink – equivalent to ½ oz. of 100% ethyl
alcohol 12oz bottle/can of 5% alcohol beerOne glass (4-5oz) of
wine (12% alcohol)One small glass (2 ½ oz) of fortified wine(
20%)One shot (10z) of distilled spirits (50%)
Factors affecting BAC
How much and how quickly you drink
What you’re drinking
Your size Your age
Your gender Your race
Other drugs Expectations
Family history Tolerance
Eating Stress/Fatigue
Alcohol Poisoning – Know the signsMental confusion, stupor,
coma, or person cannot be rousedVomitingSeizureSlow
breathing (<8 breaths/min)Irregular breathing ( 10s+ between
breaths)Hypothermia
This is a medical emergency - seek help immediately – Call 911

4. Acute and Long-term Effects of Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Problems
Alcohol abuse: continued use of alcohol despite awareness of
social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems
related to drinking or drinking in dangerous ways or situations
Alcohol dependence: development of a strong craving for
alcohol because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves
stress
Alcoholism: a chronic, progressive, potentially fatal disease
characterized by impaired control of drinking, a preoccupation
with alcohol, continued use despite adverse consequences
Why People Start SmokingLimited EducationUnderestimation of
RisksAdolescent Experimentation and RebellionStressParent
Role ModelsAddictionGeneticsWeight ControlMental Disorders
Effects of Tobacco
There are health risks and effects associated with all forms of
tobacco.
It’s Never Too Late to Quit
Quitting on Own

5. cold turkey”, gradual, or switching to less potent brand
Virtual Support
Stop-Smoking Groups
Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Medications
Environmental Tobacco Smoke – Risk to all
Secondhand cigarette smoke – the 3rd leading preventable cause
of death
Smoker inhales mainstream smoke but everyone in the room
inhales side-stream smoke which contains more tar and nicotine
Environmental Tobacco Smoke increases the risk of respiratory
diseases, such as asthma, lung cancer, and maybe Alzheimer’s
disease or other dementias
Addictions
CHAPTER 11
*
Chapter 11

6. Addictions
Learning Outcomes:Name some of the risk factors for problem
gambling
Discuss reasons why people choose to use, or not use, drugs
Give examples of appropriate and inappropriate use of over -the-
counter drugs and prescription medications
Identify the types of drug dependence, and discuss the factors
affecting drug dependence
Chapter 11
Addictions
Learning Outcomes:Describe the effects and health
risks of common drugs of abuse
Describe the treatment methods
available for individuals seeking
help for drug dependence
Review your drug history
(legal and illegal) and
assess the health risks
you choose to take
Addictive BehaviorAddictive behaviors impact all dimensions
of health
Addiction: Behavioral pattern characterized by compulsion,
loss of control, and continued repetition of a behavior or
activity in spite of consequences
One can become addicted
to more than drugsGamblingFoodInternet

7. Drug Use
Why Students Use DrugsGenetics/Family HistoryParental
attitudes and behaviorsSubstance Use in
H.S.ExpectationsfMental Health ProblemsSocial
InfluencesAlcohol useRace/Ethnicity
Why Students Don’t Use Spirituality and religion
Academic engagement
Perceived harmfulness
Athletics
TerminologyDrug: any substance other than food that affects
bodily functions and structures
Drug Abuse: A pattern of substance use resulting in negative
consequences or impairment
Drug Misuse: taking a drug for a purpose or by a person other
than that for which it was intended, or not taking the
recommended doses
Drug Diversion: the transfer of a medication from the individual
to whom it was prescribed to another person
Routes of Administration
CaffeineMost widely used psychoactive drug in the world
Stimulant with addictive qualitiesMay suffer withdrawal
symptoms
Moderate use poses few serious health risks for most people and
can provide health benefits
Different beverages/foods contain various levels of caffeine

8. MedicationsOver-the-counter (OTC) – readily available without
prescription, some restricted because of other risks (e.g.
psuedoephredrine)
Important to read labels, consider potential side effects and
risks, use properly
Prescription DrugsTalk with doctor and pharmacistPurpose and
dosageSide effects – physical/psychologicalDrug
interactionsGeneric Options
Prescription Drug Abuse Stimulants – RitalinPain Killers –
Oxycontin, Vicodin
Substance-Use DisordersDependencePsychological:
“craving”Physical: develop “tolerance” – needing larger doses
for same effects. Withdrawal symptoms possible
Intoxication and Withdrawal
Polyabuse
Causes of Drug Dependence & AbuseBiological
FactorsDopamine
Psychology of Vulnerability
Early Influences

9. Cannabis Marijuana and Hashish Most widely used illicit
drugActive ingredient THC
Short and Long-Term Risks & EffectsBrainLungsHeart
PregnancyWithdrawal
Designer/Synthetic Drugs
Designer Drugs – “club drugs”
Illegally manufactured psychoactive drugs that have dangerous
physical and psychological effectsEcstasy MDMAGHB and
GBL
Synthetic, Herbal, “legal drugs”Synthetic marijuana
Herbal ecstasyKhatSynthetic stimulants (bath salts)
StimulantsIncrease activity of central nervous system
Risk of psychological and physical dependence as well as health
risksAmphetaminesMethamphetaminesCocaine
DepressantsDepress the central nervous system: reduce activity,
induce relaxation, drowsiness, or sleep
Benzodiazepines and BarbituratesSedative-hypnotics
Opiods (pain-relieving, sleep-inducing)Morphine, codeine,
heroinHighly addictive
Other DrugsHallucinogensLSD
Dissociative DrugsPCP, Ketamine
Inhalants

10. Treatment
Overcoming addiction is a long, difficult,
complex process but it can be done.
Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment
12-Step Programs (AA, Narcotics Anonymous)
Relapse Prevention