Constitution of india

1. 1. THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA IS THE SUPREME LAW OF
INDIA
2. INDIAN CONSTITUTION IS WORLD’S LENGTHIEST
CONSTITUTION.
3.THE CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS TOOK 2 YEARS 11
MONTHS AND 18 DAYS .
4. IT WAS ADOPTED BY THE CONSTITUTION ASSEMBLY ON
26 NOV. 1949 WHICH IS CELEBRATED AS “CONSTITUTION
DAY”
5. IT BECOME AFFECTIVE ON 26 JAN. 1950 AND
CELEBRATED AS “REPUBLIC DAY”

2. . JANUARY 26 WAS CHOOSEN DATE AS ON THIS DAY IN 1929, INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS ISSUED THE DECLARATION OF “PURNA SWARAJ”
. ON THAT TIME, INDIAN CONSTITUTION CONSIST 22 PARTS 395 ARTICLES AND 8
SCHEDULES .
. CURRENTLY IT CONSISTS 25 PARTS 448 ARTICLE AND 12 SCHEDULES .

3. PREAMBLE
IT IS A INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT OF INDIAN
CONSTITUTION.
THE KEY POINTS OF PREAMBLE ;
. SOURCE : WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA.
.NATURE : SOVEREIGN, DEMOCRATIC, SECULAR,
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC.
. OBJECTIVE : JUSTICE, EQUALITY, LIBERTY,
FRATINITY.

4. HISTORY
• THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA WAS FORMED IN 1946.
. MAKING OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION WAS STARTED IN 1858 BY BRITISH OFFICIALS
I.E.
* GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1858
* INDIAN COUNCIL ACT 1861
* INDIAN COUNCIL ACT 1862
* INDIAN COUNCIL ACT 1909
* GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 1919

5. • THE NEHRU REPORT (1928) WAS THE FIRST MAJOR ATTEMPT BY INDIAN TO
DRAFT A CONSTITUTION FOR THEMSELVES.
• IN 1934, MN ROY PROPOSED THE INDIA OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY. THE
DEMAND WAS TAKEN UP BY THE CONGRESS PARTY IN 1935 AS AN OFFICIAL
DEMAND .
• IN 1938 PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU INTRODUCE THAT “THE CONSTITUTION
OF FREE INDIA SHOULD BE MADE BY A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ELECTED ON
THE BASIC OF ADULT SUFFERAGE WITHOUT ANY OUTSIDE INTERFERENCE”.

6. • INITIALLY THE BRITISH OFFICIALS OPPOSED THE DEMAND FOR CONSTITIDNT
ASSEMBLY BUT IN 1940 THEY ACCEPTED THE PROPOSAL .
• IN 1942 THE BRITISH OFFICIALS STARTED A “CRIPPS MISSION” LEADED BY SIR
STAFFORD CRIPPS.
• THE INC AND MUSLIM LEAGUE BOTH REJECTED THE RECOMMENDATION OF
“CRIPSS MISSION” (1942).
• A “CABINATE MISSION” CAME TO INDIA IN 1946 IN ORDER TO DISCUSS THE
TRANSFER OF POWERS .

7. ROLE OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
• THE CONSTITUTION ASSEMBLY MET FOR THE FIRST TIME ON 9 DEC 1946.
• ON 11 DEC 1946 DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD WAS ELECTED AS THE PRESIDENT AND
H.C. MUKARJEE BECAME THE VICE PRESIDENT.
• B.N. RAU WAS ELECTED AS CONSTITUTION ADVISOR OF ASSEMBLY.
• ON 13 DEC 1946 PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PROPOSED THE OBJECTIVE
RESOLUTION WHICH WAS LATER ADOPTED BY THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ON
22 JAN 1947 .
• ON 20 FEB 1947 THE GOVERNMENT OF BRITAIN’S “CLEMENT ATLEE”
ANNOUNCED THAT THEY WILL TRANSFER THE POWER TO INDIAN POLITICIANS .

8. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

9. RIGHT TO EQUALITY -
Right to equality guarantees equal rights for everyone,
irrespective of religion, gender, caste, race or place of
birth. It ensures equal employment opportunities in the
government and insures against discrimination by the
State in matters of employment on the basis of caste,
religion, etc. This right also includes the abolition of titles
as well as untouchability.

10. RIGHT TO FREEDOM-
• THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH ALLOWS INDIVIDUALS TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES
WITHOUT GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE OR REGULATION.
• * ARTICLE 19(1) A- FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION
• * ARTICLE 19(1) B- FREEDOM TO ASSEMBLE.
• * ARTICLE 19(1) C- FREEDOM TO FORM ASSOCIATIONS/UNION/COORPORATIVE
/SOCIETIES.
• *ARTICLE 19(1) D - FREEDOM TO MOVE FREELY.
• * ARTICLE 19(1) E- FREEDOM OF RESIDANCE .
• * ARTICLE 19(1) F- FREEDOM TO PROFESSION.

11. RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
• THE RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION ENSHRINED IN
ARTICLE 23 AND 24 OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
GUARANTEES HUMAN DIGNITY AND PROTECT PEOPLE
FROM ANY SUCH EXPLOITATION

12. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
• THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA GUARANTEES THE RIGHT TO
FREEDOM OF RELIGION TO NOT ONLY INDIVIDUALS BUT
ALSO RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INDIA. THIS IS ENSHRINED IN
ARTICLES 25 TO 28.