Transportation plays a vital role in daily life. Basically, it can be classified in four types, Road, Rail, Water and Air. In this presentation, modes of transport, its further classification, benefits and drawbacks, Indian transportation scenario, etc are briefly explained.

1. A BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
BY : AYUSH HAJARE
DIPLOMA STUDENT
( CIVIL ENGINEERING )

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CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION
• IMORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
• CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION
• MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
1. ROADWAYS
2. RAILWAYS
3. WATERWAYS
4. AIRWAYS
• TRANSPORT MODES IN INDIA
• CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• Transportation engineering or transport engineering is the application of technology and scientific
principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode
of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid comfortable, convenient,
economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods transport.
• Transportation engineering primarily involves planning , designs, construction , maintenance, and
operation of transportation facilities. The facilities support air, highway, railways, pipeline, water,
and even space transportation.
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ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION
• TRANSPORT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
• PLACE UTILITY OF GOODS
• TIME UTILITY OF GOODS
• PRODUCER AND CONSUMER
• PREVENTION OF QUALITY OF GOODS
• MASS PRODUCTION
• EXPLIOTATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
• TRANSPORT AND URBANIZATION
• TRANSPORT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
• TRANSPORT AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
• COSTS OF GOODS
• ADMINISTRATION
• TOURISM
• TRANSPORT FACILITIES AND SOCIAL ACTIVITES
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IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• THEY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE
COUNTRY.
• THEY HELP IN CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRY.
• THEY HELP IN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY.
• IT PLAYS AN VITAL ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN THE COUNTRY.
• THEY IMPROVE THE EMPLOYMENT OPPURTUNITIES.
• IMPROVES THE CONTACT BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES.IMPROVES THE LIVING STANDARD OF COUNTRY.
• IT HELPS TO IMPROVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
• IT HELPS IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRIES.
• ENHANCES THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF THE COUNTRY.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION
• SERVICE CHARACRISTIC
1. PUNCTUALITY
2. AFFORDABILITY
3. ACCESSIBILITY
4. SAFETY AND SECURITY
5. SPEED
6. REGULARITY
7. CAPACITY
8. COMFORT
• TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS
1. PASSENGER TRAFFIC
2. FREIGHT/GOODS TRAFFIC
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MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
• RODWAYS
• RAILWAYS
• WATERWAYS
• AIRWAYS
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 ROADWAYS
• ROAD TRASPORTATION IS THE NEAREST AND FAVORABLE
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION.
• THE PASSENGERS AND GOODS HAVE FIRST TO BE
TRANSPORTED BY ROAD BEFORE REACHING A RAILWAT
STATION OR AIRPORT.
• ROADWAYS CAN ONLY PROVIDE DOOR TO DOOR SERVICE.
• ROADWAYS HAVE A MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY FOR TRAVEL
WITH REFRENCE TO ROUTE, DIRECTION, TIME, AND SPEED
OF TRAVEL.
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BASED ON TYPE OF CARRIAGEWAY
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CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
• PAVED ROADS : THE ROADS PROVIDED WUTH HARD PAVEMENT COURSE LIKE WBM ( WATER
BOUND MACADAM ) LAYER IS CALLED PAVED ROADS.
• UNPAVED ROADS : EARTH ROADS AND GRAVEL ROADS ARE UNPAVED ROADS. THEY ARE NOT HARD
PACEMENT COURSE.
Paved roads Unpaved roads
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BASED ON TYPE OF PAVEMENT SURFACING
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CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
• SURFACE ROADS : SURFACE ROADS PROVIDES WITH A BITUMINOUS OR CONCRETE SURFACING.
• UNSURFACE ROADS : UNSURFACE ROADS ARE NOT PROVIDED WITH BLACK TOPED BITUMINOUS OR
CEMENT CONCRETE SURFACING.
Surface roads Unsurfaced roads
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AS PER THE USABILITY DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
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CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
• ALL WEATHER ROADS : THESE TYPE OF ROADS CATER TRANSPORTATION THROUGHOUT THE YEAR WITH
INTERRUPTION TO TRAFFIC DUE TO ALL WEATHER.
• FAIR WEATHER ROADS : THE TRAFFIC MAY BE INTERRUPTED DURING MONSOON AT CAUSEWAY WHERE
STREAM MAY OVERFLOW ACROSS THE ROADS.
ALL WEATHER ROAD FAIR WEATHER ROAD
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NATIONAL HIGHWAY
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TYPES OF ROADS
• NATIONAL HIGHWAY ARE THE MAIN HIGHWAYS RUNNUNG THROUGH THE LENGTH AND BREADTH OF
THE NATION, CONNECTING MAJOR PORTS, CAPITALS OF LARGE STATES, ETC.
STATE HIGHWAY
• STATE HIGHWAY ROADS OF A STATE CONNECTING UP WITH NATIONAL HIGHWAYS OF ADJACENT STATE,
DIFFERENTT CITIES OF SAME STATE.
MAJOR DISTRICT ROAD
• MDR ARE ROADS WITHIN DISTRICT CONNECTING MARKETS AND IMPORTANT AREAS WITH EACH OTHER
OR WITH MAIN HIGHWAYS OF DISTRICT.
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OTHER DISTRICT HIGHWAY
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TYPES OF ROADS
• OTHER DISTRICT HIGHWAY ARE ROADS CONNECTING RURALS AREAS OF PRODUCTION WITH MARKET
CENTERS, TALUKA HEAD QUARTER OR OTHER MAIN ROADS.
VILLAGE ROADS
• VILLAGE ROADS CONNECTING VILAGES OR GROUP OF VILLAGES WITH EACH OTHER OR TO THE NEAREST
ROAD OF HIGHER CATEGORY.
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NATIONAL HIGHWAY UTTARPRADESH STATE HIGHWAY
MAJOR DISTRICT ROAD
KARNATAKA
VILLAGE ROADS
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
ROADS
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ADVANTAGES OF ROADWAYS
• LESS CAPITAL OUTLAY
• DOOR TO DOOR SERVICE
• SERVICE IN RURAL AREAS
• FLEXIBLE SERVICE
• SUITABLE FOR SHORT SERVICE
• LESSER RISK OF DAMAGE IN TEANSIT
• SAVING IN PACKING COST
• RAPID SPEED
• LESS COST
• PRIVATE OWNED VEHICLES
• FEEDER TO OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT
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DISADVANTAGES OF ROADWAYS
• SEASONAL NATURE
• ACCIDENTS AND BREAKDOWNS
• UNSUITABLE FOR LONG DISTANCE AND BULKY TRAFFIC
• SLOW SPEED
• LACK OF ORGANISATION
• HEAVY TAXES
• POOR MAINTENANCE OF ROADS
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 RAILWAYS
• RAILWAYS CAN HANDLES LARGE NUMBER OF
PASSENGERS MOVEMENT THROUGH COACHES
CONTAINING TRAIN MOVEMENT ON RAILS.
• RAILWAYS CAN TRANSPORT TONNES OF GOODS FOR
ANY DISTANCE THROUGH CLOSED OR OPEN WAGONS
CONTAINING
• GOODS TRAIN MOVEMENT ON RAILS.
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AS PER IMPORTANCE OF ROUTES
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CATEGORIES OF RAILWAYS
• TRUNK ROUTES
• MAIN LINES
• BRANCH LINES
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SURFACE RAILWAY
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TYPES OF RAILWAYS
• SURFACE RAILWAYS ARE THE CHEAPEST AND MOST EXTENSIVELY USED FORMS OF RAILWAY SERVICE IN
THE WORLD. IN SUCH A SYSTEM THE TRACK IS LAID ON A GROUND THAT HAS A SUITABLE EMBANKMENT
OR CUTTING, DEPENDING UPON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AREA.
UNDERGROUND RAILWAY
• A RAILWAY RUNNING THROUGH A CONTINUOUS TUNNEL, AS UNDER CITY STREETS, SUBWAY IS CALLED
AS UNDERGROUND RAILWAY.
ELEVATED RAILWAY
• AN ELEVATED RAILWAY IS A RAPID TRANSIT RAILWAY WITH THE TRACKS ABOVE TREET LEVEL ON A
VIADUCT OR OTHER ELEVATED STRUCTURE . THE RAILWAY MAY BE BROAD GAUGE, STANDARD GAUGE
OR NARROW GAUGE.
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SURFACE RAILWAY UNDERGROUND RAILWAY
ELEVATED RAILWAY
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
RAILWAYS
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TYPES OF LOCOMOTIVES
DIESEL RAILWAY ENGINE ELECTRIC RAILWAY ENGINE
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TYPES OF GAUGE
• BROAD GAUGE ( 1.676 M )
• METRE GAUGE ( 1.0 M )
• NARROW GAUGE ( 0.762 M )
TYPES OF GAUGE
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ADVANTAGES OF RAILWAYS
• LARGE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS AND TONNES OF GOODS CAN BE TRANSPORTED AT A GLANCE AND AT
ECONOMICAL RATE.
• TI IS COMOFRTABLE FOR LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL AS COMPARED TO ROADWAYS.
• TI IS CHEAPEST THAN AIRWAYS.
• FOR MOVEMENT OF MILITARY AND THEIR EQUIPMENTS RAILWAY ARE MOST CONVINIENT AND FASTER
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION.
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DISADVANTAGES OF RAILWAYS
• THE TRAINS AS PER SCHEDULE. YHEIR ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE TIME IS FIX.
• INITIAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF RAILWAY STATIONS, PLATFORMS, TRACKS, TRAINS ETC IS HIGH.
• MAINTAINANCE COST IS HIGH.
• DEFINITE VEHIVLES CAN ONLY RUN ON RAILWAYS.
• ACCIDENT CAUSES HIGH LOSS.
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 WATERWAYS
• MOVEMENT OF PERSON AND GOODS THROUGH
BOATS OR SHIPS ON RIVER, SEA, OCEAN LIKE
WATER BIDIES IS A MODE OF WATER
TRANSPORTATION.
• TWO – THIRD OF ENTIRE EARTH SURFACE IS
COVERED BY WATER WHICH PROVES
IMPORTANCE OF WATERWAY.
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TYPES OF WATERWAYS
INLAND WATERWAYS
• REFER TO USING INLAND WATER BODOIES LIKE RIVER, CANALS, BACKWATERS, CREEKS AND ETC.
OCEAN WATERWAYS
• NAVIGATION ALONG THE COASTAL PLACES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES TAKE PLACS WITH THE HELP OF
SHIPS. ABOUT 75 % OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IS CARRIED OUT BY SHIPPING.
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INLAND WATERWAYS
OCEAN WATERWAYS
TPES OF
WATERWAYS
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TERMINAL
• STATION WHERE TRANSPORT VEHICLES LOAD OR UNLOAD PASSENGERS OR GOODS .
• TERMINAL FOR LARGE VESSELS ARE THE HARBOUR AND PORT.
TYPES OF HARBOUR
1. NATURAL HARBOUR
2. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR
3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR
HARBOUR
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WATER VEHICLES ARE SUITABLE FOR LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL, COMMUTING, CRUSHING, RACING, AND OFF
– ROAD RIDING. THERE ARE VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF WATER TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES WHICH ARE
MENTIONED BELOW.
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WATER TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES
• MOTORBOAT
• CARGO SHIP
• SPEEDBOAT
• SAILBOAT
• YACHT
• FERRY
• CANOE
• RAFT BOAT
• BATTLE SHIP
• CRUISE SHIP
• JETSKI
• RIVER BOAT
• SUBMARINE
• TUG BOAT
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ADVANTAGES OF WATERWAYS
• CHEAP
• MINIMUM CHANCES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND TRAFFIC HAZARD.
• REQURIES CHEAP MOTOR POWERS THAN FOR AIROPLANES.
• POSSESSES HIGH LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY.
• SAFETY
DISADVANTAGES OF WATERWAYS
• LIMITED FUNCTIONALITY CAPABILITIES
• SLOW IN SPEED
• DIFFICULT TO MONOTOR EXACT LOCATION OF GOODS
• HIGH WEATHER SUSCEPTIBLE
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 AIRWAYS
• AIR TRANSPORT IS AN AIRCRAFT DESIGN FOR TRANSPORTING
PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER
IN THE AIR USING AIRPLANES, JETS, ROCKETS, HELICOPTERS AND
DRONES.
• EACH OF THESE TYPE OF AIR TRANSPORT HAS A UNIQUE WAY OF
ACHIEVING SPEED AND THE SUSTAINBILITY OF IT VOYAGE,
HOWEVER THERE ARE OTHERS TYPES OF AIR TRANSPORT WHICH
MAY OR MAY NOT BE USED FOR CONVEYING GOODS, BUT COULD
BE USED FOR RECREATIONAL PURPOSES , THEY INCLUDE, HOT
AIR BALLOONS, BLIMPS GLIDERS, HANG GLIDING, PARACHUTING
ETC.
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TYPES OF AIRWAYS
COMMERCIAL AIRPLANES
• THESE ARE THE COMMON WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE TRAVEL THROUGH THE AIR, THE COMMERCIAL
PLANES PROVIDE A FAST MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPARED TO OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT.
HELICOPTERS
• HELICOPTERS ARE THE ANOTHER FAST MEAN OF AIR TRANSPORT, THESE MOVE PEOPLE THROUGH THE
AIR.
PRIVATE PLANES
• PRIVATE PLANES ARE MADE TO PROVIDE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE FOR A SINGLE PERSON OR AT MOST
FIVE PEOPLE AT A TIME.
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TYPES OF AIRWAYS
BLIMPS
• BLIMPS AND HOT AIR BALLOONS ARE USED TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE FOR RECREATIONAL PURPOSES. THEY
COVER LIMITED AREA THAT ENABLES TOURISTS TO SEE A LOCATION ON ALARGER SCOPE THAN IF THEY
TRIED TO VIEW THE AREA FROM GROUND.
ROCKET
• A ROCKET IS ANY VEHICLES THAT USES A ROCKETENGINE , IT INCLUDES A MISSILE, SPACECRAFT,
AIRCRAFTOR , OTHER VEHICLES. ROCKET WORK MORE IN SPACE THAN IN THE ATMOSPHERE, THE ENGINE
WORKS BYACTION AND REACTION OF PUSHING THE ROCKETS FORWARD SIMPLY BY EXPELLING THEIR
EXHAUST IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION AT HIGH SPEED, AND CAN THEREFORE WORK IN THE VACUUM OF
SPACE.
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COMMERCIAL PLANES PRIVATE PLANES
BLIMPS ROCKET
HELICOPTERS
TYPES OF AIRWAYS
VEHICLES
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ADVANTAGES OF AIRWAYS
• HIGH SPEED
• COMFORTABLE AND QUICK SERVICE
• NO INVESTMENT IN CONSTRUCTION TRACK
• NO PHYSICAL BARRIERS
• EASY ACCESS
• EMERGENCY SERVICE
• QUICK CLEARANCE
• MOST SUITABLE FOR CARRYING LIGHT GOODS OF HIGH VALUE
• NATIONAL DEFENCE
• SPACE EXPLORATION
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DISADVANTAGES OF AIRWAYS
• HIGH COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
• COSTLIEST
• LIMITED CARRYING CAPACITY
• INTERNATIONAL RESTRICTIONS
• UNSUITABLE FOR BULKY GOODS
• LARGE INVESTMENT
• RELIABLE
• RISKY
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 ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA
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TRANSPORT MODES IN INDIA
• Road transport is the most flexible, economic and personalized way of transport. It provides door- to- door service and it is easier in terms of
maintenance. As per a recent survey, India has more than 5,000,000 km of road length and 80 % of road traffic stems from the personal vehicles
i.e. Bikes and Cars.
• India has around 1, 250 km of expressways, 71,000 km of national highways, 1, 60,000 km of state highways and around 4, 50,000 km of district
or rural area roads approximately. The numbers of kilometers are increasing by 1.16 % per year.
• It is the second largest road network in the world after United States. However, 40% of the road traffic travels over national highway which only
covers 2% of the road length.
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 RAIL TRANSPORT IN INDIA
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TRANSPORT MODES IN INDIA
• The Indian Railway is one of the oldest and largest railway systems in the world. It has played an integrating role in economic and socio –
literal development. Increase in electrification of tracks, advancements in amenities and other internet providers of internet access have made
the conventional journey modernized.
• Emergence of Metros and Bullet train further glorified the mode of transport. Delhi Metro was acknowledged worldwide for its efficient and
reliable manufacturing. The core cities like Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Gurgaon, Mumbai and Jaipur all been provided the metro
connectivity and emerging cities like Pune and Ahmedabad will also benefited in the coming years.
• Bullet Train is an ambitious project of the government. All the developed nations around the world have high-speed rails. Since, most of the
developed countries in world have high-speed rails, the Indian government is taking all right steps towards becoming a emerging power and
thus further igniting the economy.
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 AIR TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA
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Transportation modes in INDIA
• Aviation Transport is the quickest and the easiest way of transport. However, it underwent a slow growth post-
LIBERALISATION in India. PRIVATISATION led the further progress in industry. The Indian Airlines connects 80
cities across India; some of the overseas cities are also connected through it. There are 132 classified Airports with 350
runways and over 300,000 passengers travel by air per year, with Mumbai- Delhi route is being one of the world’s
busiest routes.
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 WATER TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA
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TRANSPORTATION MODES IN INDIA
• India has a coastline of 7,517 km and 14,500 km of inland waterways as well. The Indian waterways include 5,200 km of
river and 485 km of canals. Tamil Nadu acts as the driving force of water transport as, it is the only city with 3 ports
which carries 79 ships and 53 research and support vessels. Mumbai port and JNPT port are the economy providers of
this sectors, it handles 70% of marine trades. The sector is well UTILISED and it has penlight opportunities for
investors.
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MODES OF TRANSPORT
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CONCLUSION
• HERE, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT THE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION AVAILABLE ARE ROAD, RAIL,
WATER, AIRWAYS IN WHICH ROAD AND RAIL ARE MOST VISIBLE MODES. IT IS MANDETORY TO HAVE GOOD
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION AS IT ULTIMATELY CONTRIBUTES TO NATION’S DEVELOPMENT. FUTURE
DEVLOPEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION ARE ALSO EXPECTED TO BUILD A STRONG ECONOMICAL NATION.
TRANSPORTATION PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIES, DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS.
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THANK YOU
A. N. Hajare