In this study, Application of terahertz spectroscopy from past years to today Research articles as well as information and Working principle about terahertz spectroscopy are explained. Application are in form of major and minor . If there is a place you do not understand please contact me. I hope you like. Please like and Comment. Thank You Ashvini Tanpure

1. 1.
Applications of
Terahertz pulse spectroscopy and imaging in pharmaceutical
Sciences
Ashvini.B.Tanpure
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
(Process Chemistry)
NIPER.SAS.Nagar

2.  Terahertz radiations are generated and detected at room temperature using
femtosecond lasers and specially-designed photoconductive semiconductor
antenna switches .
 Radiation from the terahertz region (2-100 cm-1 or 0.06-3THz) is useful for
pharmaceutical applications because of its lower frequencies and longer
wavelengths relative to mid-infrared radiation and it measures intermolecular
vibrations.
 Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy (TPS) and Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) are two
novel techniques for the physical characterization of pharmaceutical drug
materials and final solid dosage forms, utilizing spectral information in the far
infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
What is mean by Terahertz spectroscopy..?
2.

3.  TPS can be used to characterize crystalline properties of drugs and excipients. Different
polymorphic forms of a drug can be readily distinguished and quantified.
 Applications for TPI include the measurement of coating thickness and uniformity in
coated pharmaceutical tablets, structural imaging and 3D chemical imaging of solid
dosage forms.
Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy (TPS) and Terahertz Pulsed
Imaging (TPI)
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Bonding in Terahertz…

5. Major Applications…
 Crystal and Polymorph differentiation.
 Solid phase transformation.
 Anhydrous and hydrated pharmaceutical materials
differentiation (lactose).
 Weapons concealed under clothing (Airports).
 Detection of cancer and caries.
 Detecting defect in tablet coatings.
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8. POLYMORPHISM…
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FORM 1
FORM 2

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ANHYDROUS AND HYDRATED PHARMACEUTICAL
MATERIALS

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SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATION
 Solid phase transformations proceed directly from one solid state form to the other,
without any intermediate liquid phases.
 The transformation of
carbamazepine form III to form
I was monitored by temperature
dependent terahertz
measurements. Two
transformation processes, one
via a melt and the other one via
a solid-state reaction, were
distinguished from one another
by temperature-dependent
terahertz spectroscopy.

15. 15.
 TPI is an emerging nondestructive method to quantitatively
characterize coating quality.
 TPI can acquire not only valuable spectral information but
also 3D images.
 TPI has the advantage to enable structural features of
coated solid dosage forms at depth by the ability of THz
radiation to penetrate many pharmaceutical materials.
TERAHERTZ PULSE IMAGING
 THz pulsed imaging actually can be viewed as an
extension of the THz-TDS method.

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COATING THICKNESS

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Security-
 At airports or other security critical places
dangerous nonmetallic substances like
ceramic knifes or plastic explosives now
can be detected with terahertz beams.
 This is possible because T-rays get through
clothes, but cannot get through the upper
skin (because of the water content).
Others Applications…

25. 25.
Medical imaging-
 Terahertz radiation can also
detect differences in water
content and density of a tissue.
 Such methods could allow
effective detection of epithelial
cancer with an imaging system
that is safe, non-invasive, and
painless.
Molecular structure-
 The use of pulsed terahertz imaging in
proteomics and drug discovery determines
protein 3D structure, folding and
characterization.
 It is also very sensitive to DNA
hybridization and other interactions.

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Oral healthcare-
 Terahertz imaging can distinguish
between the different types of tissue in a
human tooth; detect carries at an early
stage in the enamel layers of human teeth
and monitor early erosion of the enamel
at the surface of the tooth.
Communication -
 Potential uses exist in high-
altitude telecommunications,
above altitudes where water vapor
causes signal absorption: aircraft
to satellite, or satellite to satellite.

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In Dermatology-
 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most
common form of cancer worldwide in
white populations and has a reported
annual incidence of over 1 million in the
U.S.A.
 Terahertz imaging techniques are being
evaluated as diagnostic tools for skin
lesions and tumor margin assessment.
 Terahertz pulse imaging is
used in the electronic
devices also

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 Terahertz spectroscopy is used for
tracing the illegal drug / narcotics like
cocaine, morphine, heroine etc.

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Detection of impurities in pharmaceutical industry-
 Terahertz radiation has the ability to obtain information on chemical and physical
structures and is able to accomplish this in real-time in a non-destructive form.
 solid pharmaceutical materials may come into contact with water or other
impurities during processing, which can affect the product performance.
 THz Spectroscopy can measure the unique physico -chemical properties of a
product, being able to specifically distinguish one product from another which
provides quality information.