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1. Cardiac Surgeons
Cardiac surgeons are also known as cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiovascular surgeons. The
cardiothoracic surgeon is a doctor who specializes in surgical procedures on the heart, lungs,
esophagus, and other organs of the chest. This includes surgeons called cardiac surgeons,
cardiovascular surgeons, general thoracic surgeons, and congenital cardiac surgeons.
Cardiac surgery is the specialty of medicine for the surgical treatment of pathologies of the
heart and thoracic aorta. The spectrum of modern heart surgery can be understood through
its late 19th-century history. Since then, cardiac surgery has evolved thanks to the work of
many dedicated surgeons offering even more treatments for different heart conditions. This
development continues to this day.
Most of the time, the diagnosis of heart disease begins with your primary care physician, who
will refer you to a cardiologist. If your cardiologist decides that you need surgery, he or she
will refer you to a heart surgeon who will be a new member of your heart health team.
What does a cardiac surgeon do?
Cardiothoracic surgeons play an important role in the health care team. They work on diseases
that occur in the organs within the chest and in the skeletal structures and tissues that make
up the chest cavity.
The diagnosis of heart disease begins with the patient's primary care physician, who then
refers the patient to a cardiologist. If your cardiologist decides that you need surgery, he or
she will refer you to a cardiothoracic surgeon who will be a new member of your heart health
team.
Cardiac surgeons work on diseases that occur in the organs within the chest and in the skeletal
structures and tissues that make up the chest cavity.
Difference between Cardiologist and cardiac surgeon
The Cardiologist has completed a Residency in Internal Medicine and a Fellowship in
Cardiology. They specialize in the medical or endovascular treatment of heart problems. The
cardiothoracic surgeon has completed the general surgical residency and the cardiothoracic

2. fellowship. They specialize in the surgical treatment of cardiac and pulmonary cysts and other
intrathoracic problems.
The cardiologist generally: Evaluates patients with heart problems, manages heart failure,
arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and can perform echocardiography and endovascular work
such as cardiac catheterization and stenting.
Cardiothoracic surgeon: Removes lung lungs and other intrathoracic tumors, replaces or
repairs heart valves, and performs other intrathoracic surgical procedures, including bypass
grafts and aneurysm repair.
Types of cardiac surgery procedures
Common types of cardiac surgeries are:
● Catheter ablation: This procedure uses radio waves or coagulation to silence an
abnormal area of ​ ​ the cardiovascular system. The abnormal area is often found
during the electrophysiology study. This procedure breaks the problematic electrical
circuit that causes an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
● Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): In CABG, the most common heart surgery, the
surgeon takes a healthy artery or vein from other parts of the body and connects it to
supply blood past the blocked coronary artery. The grafted artery or vein bypasses the
blocked part of the coronary artery, creating a new path for blood to flow to the heart
muscle. This often happens in more than one coronary artery during a single surgery.
CABG is sometimes called heart bypass surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery.
● Heart transplant: A surgical option to treat advanced heart failure, a condition that
occurs when the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood to meet the needs of
the body's organs.
● Heart valve replacement: Heart valve surgery and procedures are performed to repair
or replace a heart valve that is not working properly due to valvular heart disease (also
known as heart valve disease). Heart valve surgery is open-heart surgery in the chest,
through the breastbone. It is a major operation that takes two hours or more and can
take several weeks to recover. There are newer and less invasive procedures suitable
for certain types of heart valve disease, but they are only performed in a few hospitals.
● Insertion of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): Pacemakers
and implantable cardiovascular defibrillators (ICD) are small devices that feed the heart
through thin, flexible wires called leads. They are placed under the skin, under the
collarbone. In most cases, we can place the devices on a patient with minimally
invasive techniques (overnight or overnight).
● Congenital heart surgery: Corrective surgery to correct or treat a genetic heart defect.
● Valve surgery: Heart valve surgery is open-heart surgery to replace or repair one of the
four heart valves. Heart valves regulate one-way blood flow through the four chambers
of your heart. Think of them as doors that open and close to allow blood to pass
through.
● Mycctomy/myotomy: This is an operation that surgically removes a thickened wall of
the heart. It is used when medications can no longer control the symptoms of
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The procedure of cardiac surgeon
Special tubes with a deflated balloon attached to the coronary arteries are threaded. The
balloon is inflated to expand blocked areas where blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or
cut off. Often combined with the placement of a stent (see below), it helps open the artery

3. and reduces the chance of another blockage. The body is considered less aggressive because it
is not kept open. It ranges from 30 minutes to several hours. You need to stay in the hospital
overnight.
Reason for the procedure
 Hugely increases blood flow through the blocked artery.
 Decreases chest pain (angina).
 Increases the strength of physical activity that has been restricted by angina or ischemia.
 It can also be used to open the jugular and cerebral arteries to prevent stroke.
Future of cardiac surgeons
The future of cardiac surgery will have the potential to improve surgical techniques, innovate
treatments, and diversify practice. However, personal development and education often stop
slowly or completely after completing the training due to the reluctance of some experienced
students to learn new techniques.
Cardiac surgeons must challenge this archetype by enhancing cardiac surgical residency
through training methods and expanding clinical skill sets in open, minimally invasive, and
percutaneous techniques, simulation training, and recruiting the best and brightest young
practitioners. Cardiac surgeons must retrain, stay on the cutting edge of technological
advancements, actively participate in future research, and continue to thrive in the ever-
changing field of cardiac surgery.
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Cardiologists, view consultation fees, reviews, Op timings, hospital address Skedoc