A door may be a hinged or otherwise barrier that permits ingress into and egress from an enclosure. The opening within the wall may be a doorway or portal. A door's essential and first purpose is to supply security by controlling access to the doorway (portal).

1. Door Window
A ​door ​may be a hinged or otherwise barrier that permits ingress into
and egress from an enclosure. The opening within the wall may be a
doorway or portal. A door's essential and first purpose is to supply
security by ​controlling access ​to the doorway (portal). Conventionally,
it's a panel that matches into the portal of a building, room, or vehicle.
Doors are generally made from a cloth suited to the door's task. Doors
are commonly attached by hinges, but can move by other means, like
slides or counterbalancing.
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The ​door could​ also be moved in various ways (at angles faraway from
the portal, by sliding on a plane parallel to the frame, by folding in
angles on a parallel plane, or by ​spinning along​ an axis at the middle of

2. the frame) to permit or prevent ingress or egress. In most cases, a
door's interior matches its exterior side. But in other cases (e.g., a
vehicle door) the 2 sides are ​radically different​.
Doors often incorporate locking mechanisms to make sure that just
some people can open them. Doors can have devices like knockers or
doorbells by which individuals outside announce their presence. aside
from providing access into and out of an area , doors can have the
secondary functions of ensuring privacy by preventing unwanted
attention from ​outsiders​, of separating areas with different functions,
of allowing light to pass into and out of an area , of controlling
ventilation or air drafts in order that interiors could also be more
effectively heated or cooled, of dampening noise, and of blocking the
spread of fireside .
Doors may have ​aesthetic​, symbolic, ritualistic purposes. Receiving the
key to a door can signify a change in status from outsider to insider.
Doors and doorways frequently appear in literature and therefore the
arts with metaphorical or allegorical import as a portent of change.
History
The ​earliest recorded ​doors appear within the paintings of Egyptian
tombs, which show them as single or double doors, each of one piece of
wood. People may have believed these were doors to the afterlife, and a
few include designs of the afterlife. In Egypt, where the climate is
extremely dry, doors weren't framed against warping, but in other
countries required framed doors—which, consistent with Vitruvius (iv.
6.) was through with stiles (sea/si) and rails (see: Frame and panel), the
enclosed panels crammed with tympana set in grooves within the stiles
and rails. The stiles were the vertical boards, one among which,
tenoned or hinged, is ​understood because​ the hanging stile, the
opposite because the middle or meeting stile. The horizontal cross
pieces are the highest rail, bottom rail, and middle or intermediate rails.
The most ancient doors were made from timber, like those mentioned
within the Biblical ​depiction ​of King Solomon's temple being in olive
wood (I Kings vi. 31-35), which were carved and overlaid with gold. The

3. doors that Homer ​mentions appear​ to have been cased in silver or
brass. Besides olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress were used. A
5,000-year-old door has been found by archaeologists in Switzerland.
Ancient doors were hung by pivots at the highest and bottom of the
hanging stile, which worked in sockets within the lintel and sill, the
latter in some hard stone like basalt or granite. Those Hilprecht found
at Nippur, dating from 2000 BC, were in dolerite. The tenons of the
gates at Balawat were sheathed with bronze (now within the British
Museum). These doors or gates were hung in two leaves, each about
2.54 m (100 in) wide and eight .2 m (27 ft) high; they were encased with
bronze bands or strips, 25.4 cm (10.0 in) high, covered with repoussé
decoration of figures. The wood doors would appear to have been
about 7.62 cm (3.00 in) thick, but the hanging stile was over 360
millimetres (14 in) diameter. Other sheathings of varied sizes in bronze
show this was a universal method adopted to guard the wood pivots.
within the Hauran in Syria where timber is scarce, the doors were made
from stone, and one measuring 1.63 m (5.3 ft) by 0.79 m (31 in) is within
the British Museum; the band on the meeting stile shows that it had
been one among the leaves of a door . At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria,
Burckhardt found stone doors, 2.74 to 3.048 m (8.99 to 10.00 ft) high,
being the doorway doors of the town. In Etruria many stone doors are
mentioned by Dennis.
Ancient Greek and ​Roman doors​ were either single doors, double
doors, triple doors, sliding doors or folding doors, within the last case
the leaves were hinged and folded back. In Eumachia, there may be a
painting of a door with three leaves. within the tomb of Theron at
Agrigentum there's one four-panel door carved in stone. Within the
Blundell collection may be a bas-relief of a temple with double doors,
each leaf with five panels. Among existing examples, the bronze doors
within the church of SS. Cosmas and Damiano, in Rome, are important
samples of Roman metalwork of the simplest period; they're in two
leaves, each with two panels, and are framed in bronze. Those of the
Pantheon are similar in design, with narrow horizontal panels

4. additionally , at the highest , bottom and middle. Two other bronze
doors of the Roman period are within the Lateran Basilica.
The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known
automatic door within the 1st century AD during the age of Roman
Egypt. The primary foot-sensor-activated automatic door was made in
China during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui (r. 604–618), who had
one installed for his royal library. The primary automatic gate operators
were later created in 1206 by Arab inventor Al-Jazari.
Copper and its alloys were integral in medieval architecture. The doors
of the church of the ​Nativity at Bethlehem​ (6th century) are covered
with plates of bronze, cut call at patterns. Those of Hagia Sophia at
Constantinople, of the 8th and 9th century, are wrought in bronze, and
therefore the west doors of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle (9th
century), of comparable manufacture, were probably brought from
Constantinople, as also a number of those in St. Marks, Venice. The
bronze doors on the Aachen Cathedral in Germany go back to about

5. 800 AD. Bronze baptistery doors at the Cathedral of Florence were
completed in 1423 by Ghiberti.
Of the 11th and 12th centuries there are numerous samples of bronze
doors, the earliest being one at Hildesheim, Germany (1015). The
Hildesheim design​ affected the concept of the Gniezno door in Poland.
Of others in South Italy and Sicily, the subsequent are the finest: in Sant
Andrea, Amalfi (1060); Salerno (1099); Canosa (1111); Troia, two doors
(1119 and 1124); Ravello (1179), by Barisano of Trani, who also made doors
for Trani cathedral; and in Monreale and Pisa cathedrals, by Bonano of
Pisa. in all these cases the hanging style had pivots at the highest and
bottom. The precise period when builders moved to the hinge is
unknown, but the change apparently caused another method of
strengthening and decorating doors—wrought-iron bands of varied
designs. As a rule, three bands with ornamental work constitute the
hinges, with rings outside the hanging styles that fit on vertical tenons
set into the masonry or wooden frame. There's an early example of the
12th century in Lincoln. In France, the metal work of the doors of Notre
Dame at Paris may be a beautiful example, but many others exist
throughout France and England.
In Italy, ​celebrated doors​ include those of the Battistero di San
Giovanni (Florence), which are beaten bronze—including the door
frames. The modeling of the figures, birds and foliage of the south
doorway, by Andrea Pisano (1330), and of the east doorway by Ghiberti
(1425–1452), are of great beauty. within the north door (1402–1424),
Ghiberti adopted an equivalent scheme of design for the paneling and
figure subjects as Andrea Pisano, but within the east door, the oblong
panels are all filled, with bas-reliefs that illustrate Scripture subjects
and innumerable figures. These could also be the gates of Paradise of
which Michelangelo speaks.
Doors of the mosques in Cairo were of two kinds: those externally
cased with sheets of bronze or iron, cut in decorative patterns, and
incised or inlaid, with bosses in relief; and people of wood framed with
interlaced square and diamond designs. The latter design is Coptic in

6. origin. The doors of the palace at Palermo, which were made by
Saracenic workmen for the Normans, are fine examples in good
preservation. A somewhat similar decorative class of door is found in
Verona, where the sides of the stiles and rails are beveled and notched.
In the Renaissance period, Italian doors are quite simple, their
architects trusting more to the doorways for effect; but in France and
Germany the contrary is that the case, the doors being elaborately
carved, especially within the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and
sometimes with architectural features like columns and entablatures
with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry. While
in Italy the tendency was to offer scale by increasing the amount of
panels, in France the contrary seems to have been the rule; and one
among the good doors at Fontainebleau, which is in two leaves, is
entirely administered as if consisting of 1 great panel only.
The earliest Renaissance doors in France are those of the cathedral of
St. Sauveur at Aix (1503). within the lower panels there are figures 3 ft
(0.91 m). high in Gothic niches, and within the upper panels a double
range of niches with figures about 2 ft (0.61 m). high with canopies over
them, all carved in cedar. The south door of Beauvais Cathedral is in
some respects the best in France; the upper panels are carved in alto
relievo with figure subjects and canopies over them. The doors of the
church at Gisors (1575) are carved with figures in niches subdivided by
classic pilasters superimposed. In St. Maclou at Rouen are three
magnificently carved doors; those by Jean Goujon have figures in niches
on all sides , et al. during a group of great beauty within the center. The
opposite doors, probably about forty to fifty years later, are enriched
with bas-reliefs, landscapes, figures and elaborate interlaced borders.
NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center
contains the four largest doors. The Vehicle Assembly Building was
originally built for the assembly of the Apollo missions' Saturn vehicles
and was then wont to support spacecraft operations. Each of the four
doors are 139 meters (456 feet) high.

7. The oldest doors in ​England ​are often found in Westminster Abbey and
date from 1050. In England within the 17th century the door panels
were raised with oblection or projecting moldings, sometimes richly
carved, round them; within the 18th century the moldings worked on
the stiles and rails were carved with the egg and tongue ornament.
Design and designs.
There are many sorts of doors, with different purposes. The foremost
common type is the single-leaf door, which consists of one rigid panel
that fills the doorway. There are many variations on this basic design,
like the double-leaf door or door and French windows, which have two
adjacent independent panels hinged on all sides of the doorway.
A Dutch door or Dutch door or stable door is split in half horizontally.
Traditionally the highest half opens so a worker can feed a horse or
other animal while the rock bottom half remains closed to stay inside
the animal. This sort of door has been adapted for homes.
Saloon doors are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found publicly
on bars, and ​particularly related​ to the American west. Saloon doors,
also referred to as cafe doors, often use bidirectional hinges that close

8. the door no matter which direction it opens by incorporating springs.
Saloon doors that only extend from knee-level to chest-level are
referred to as batwing doors.